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1、英语语言学试题（5）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2 分，共 20 分) 1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a () study. A. comparativeB. diachronic C. up-to-dateD. descriptive 2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highl
2、y developed, is () phonetics. A. auditoryB. acoustic C. articulatoryD. none of the above three 3. What the element , -es? indicates is third person singular,?present tense, the element , -ed? past tense, and ,-ing? progressive aspect.?Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they
3、 are also (). A. phonemes B. morphemes C. allophonesD. phones 4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal grammar known as the ()theory. A. speech actB. TG C. principles-and-parametersD. minimalist programme 5. One way to analyze lexi
4、cal meaning is (). A. predication analysisB. stylistic analysis C. componential analysis D. proposition analysis 6. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the (-) because this kind of speech act is identical with the speaker?s intention.A. locutionary act B. illocutionary act C.
5、perlocutionary act D. constative act 7. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar (? ). A. Sir William Jones B. John Firth C. M. A. K. Halliday D. F. D. Saussure 8. A bilingual speaker often uses two languages alternatively during a conversation with a
6、nother bilingual speaker,?a speech situation known as (? ). A. discourse role-switching B. activity role-switching C. social role-switching D. code-switching 9. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners?(? ).名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
7、- - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - A. second language B. first language C. foreign language D. interlanguage 10. It is estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school children of age six is around (? ). A. 7800 B. 6800 C. 5800 D. 4800 二、填空题 (每小题 1 分，共 1
8、0 分) 11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s_ study. 12. When pitch,?stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_. 13. According to its position in the new word, a_ are divided into two kinds: prefixes an
9、d suffixes. 14. P_ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings. 15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s_ restrictions. 16. The u_ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered. 17. Some important mi
10、ssions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p_, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist. 18. R_ are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations. 19.
11、Learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language.?This is known as language t_. 20. A related issue with integrative motivation has been the extent to which learners differ in the process of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community. This adaptation process is
12、called a _. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各题，正确的在题干后面的括号内填“T” ，错误的填“F” ，并说明理由。每小题2 分，共 20 分) 21. Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic. ( ) 22. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “ copying ” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. ( ) 23. Semantically, the meani
13、ng of a compound is often idiomatic, always being the sum total of the 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - meanings of its components. ( ) 24. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called transformational rules,
14、 whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. ( ) 25. Componential analysis is a way proposed by the generative semanticists to analyze meaning. ( ) 26. Linguists found that it would be possible to give an adequate description of meaning even if the context of language use
15、was left unconsidered. ( ) 27. It is generally accepted that the history of the English language is divided into the periods of Old English, Middle English and Modern English. ( ) 28. When people of a community speak the same language for different purposes, sociolinguistic situations known as diglo
16、ssia and bilingualism emerge. ( ) 29. Linguistic lateralization in terms of right hemispheric dominance for language is found to exist in an overwhelming majority of human beings. ( ) 30. In order to identify the areas of learning difficulty, an interlingual contrastive procedure Contrastive Analysi
17、s was developed. ( ) 四、名词解释 (每小题 3 分，共 30 分) 31. competence and performance 32. minimal pair 33. morphology 34. finite clause 35. sense and reference 36. Cooperative Principle 37. semantic broadening 38. language planning 39. the critical period hypothesis 40. instrumental motivation vs.?integrative
18、 motivation 五、论述题 (第 41、42 小题各 7 分，第 43 小题 6 分，共 20 分) 41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme? 42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure. The girl ate the orange. 43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare?s HAMLET bel
19、ow carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident. King: Where is Polonius? Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see. If your messenger find him not there, seek him i? the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not within this mon
20、th, you shall nose him as you go up the stairs into the lobby. Act IV , Scene iii 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 英语语言学试题（9）I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choic
21、es best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2% 10=20%) 1. Linguistics is the scientific study of _. A. a particular language B. the English language C. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language 2. The consonant f in English can be correct
22、ly described as having the following phonetic features: _. A. voiceless, bilabial, stop B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative C. voiced, bilabial, stop? ? ?D. voiced, labiodental, fricative 3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as a(n) _. A. d
23、erivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form 4. In the phrase structure rule S NP VP, the arrow can be read as _. A. is equal to?B. consists of C. has?D. generates 5. I bought some roses _ I bought some flowers. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is s
24、ynonymous with 6. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _. X: Who was that you were with last night? Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - -
25、 - - - - 第 4 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, _, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered. A. phrases B. sentences C. morphemes D. utterances 8. In a speech community p
26、eople have something in common _a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it. A. socially B. linguistically C. culturally D. pragmatically 9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? _. A. language and s
27、peech B. visual and spatial skills C. reading and writing? ? ?D. analytic reasoning 10. In general, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A. babbling? ? B. one-word C. two-word? ? D. multiword . Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with
28、 one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% 10=10%) 11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f? ? ?bef
29、ore they can do anything else. 12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s? ? ? ? ?rules. 13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f_ morpheme. 14. A sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word,
30、 such as and, but, or. 15. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s? ? ?. 16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C? ? principle proposed by J. Grice. 17. In addition to social changes, one
31、of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t? ? ? ? ?across generations. 18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s attitude connoted in the language that is sexist. 19. When language and thought are identical or closely paral
32、lel to each other, we may regard thought as s speech, and speech as overt thought. In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously. 20. It is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - -
33、第 5 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - . Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false , you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%) 21.
34、 (? ? ) An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the best authors for language usage. 22. (? ? ) In classifying the English consonan
35、ts and vowels, the same criteria can be applied. 23. (? ? ) We can always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts. 24. (? ? ) Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences and sentences
36、 with infinite length, due to their recursive properites. 25. (? ? ) The conceptualist view of meaning holds that there is no direct link between a symbol and reference, i.e. between language and thought. 26. (? ? ) Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places th
37、e study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense. 27. (? ? ) In first language acquisition childrens grammar models exactly after the grammar of adult language. 28. (? ? ) The sentences He crazy and He be sic
38、k all the time are both acceptable in Black English vernacular because copula deletion and habitual be are two famous features of Black English. 29. (? ? ) Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of the same objective world according to their respect
39、ive different linguistic coding system. 30. (? ? ) Instruction and correction are key factors in child language development. . Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%10=30%) 31. synchronic linguistics 32. displacement 33. a minimal pair 34. derivation
40、al affixes 35. syntax 36. language transfer 37. hyponymy 38. sentence meaning 39. lingua franca 40. cerebral cortex . Answer the following questions. (10% 2=20%) 41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - -
41、- - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - of English. 42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learners acquisition of a second language. 语言学试题参考答案一单项选择题（本大题共10 小题，每小题2 分，共 20 分）1、C 2、C 3、D 4、D 5、D 6、B 7、B 8、C 9、A 10 、D 二、填空题（本大题共10 小题，每小题1
42、 分，共 10 分）11、 knowledge 12、 bilabial 13、 morphology 14、 sentence 15、 complete 16、 representatives 17、 coinage 18、 delete 19、 critical 20、 interlanguage 三、判断改错题（本大题共10 小题，每小题2 分，共 20 分）21、 F Actually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a numb
43、er of reasons. 22、 F Voicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese. 23、 F The meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound redcoat. 24、 F Apart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that per
44、forms a particular grammatical function. 25、 F Dialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, girl is called lassie in Scottish dialect, and liquor is
45、called whishey in Irish dialect. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - 26、 T 27、 T 28、 F They have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other dom
46、ains. 29、 F The true statement is According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines speakers perceptions and patterns their way of life 30、 T 四、名词解释题（本大题共10 小题，每小题3 分，共 30 分）31、 One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two leve
47、ls. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation. 32、 Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical l
48、inguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present. 33、 A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teaching textbooks. 34、 The rules that gover
49、n which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective. 35、 a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences 36、 Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhi
50、bit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, husband and wife, father and son etc. 37、 Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into mean