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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载被动语态一主动语态变被动语态引入：大家喜爱欢乐大本营的哪位主持人？我最喜爱我们的马兰坡坡姐 I love X. - 谢娜,到了一种爱的程度这句话动作的发出者和承担者分别是谁？我,谢娜是吧？那我说我爱谢娜可以换种说话吗？谢娜被我爱是吧？那大家知道把这句话变成被动句怎么变吗？学校我们语文学过变化句子是吧？确定是把动作的发出者和承担者要调换位置的,所以说被动语态的特点是：句子的主语是动作的承担者 但是只是调换动词的发出者和承担者是仅仅不够的（一） 被动语态是怎样构成的呢？助动词be+动词的过去分词我们都知道动词的过去分词确定不能转变
2、的对吧？助动词 be 随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化；那就看助动词 be 是怎么变化的吧？一般现在时？ am/is/are 一般过去时？ was/were 一般将来时？ will/shall/be going to be 现在进行时？ am/is/are+being 现在完成时？ have/has+been 过去进行时？ was/were+being 过去完成时？ had+been 过去将来时？ would/should/be going to be 含情态动词： can/may/must+be+done 用一般现在时练习主动句变被动句例句：我们都知道小明老师多才多艺哈？今日来学校
3、的路上遇到了,他说想上课给大家唱歌他唱英文歌这句话怎么说？句子造对了我们就听歌； He sings an English song. 依据被动语态的构成将这句话变成被动句 An English song is singed by him. 1. 宾语变主语,是人称代词,宾格要变成主格 2. 主语变宾语,主格变成宾格,由 by 引导 3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式三步走：主变宾,宾变主,动词时态 be+done 再找同学变几个被动句式：He plants trees in spring. His brother washes bowls every day. They make shoes i
4、n that factory. She gives me a book.双宾陷阱题 带双宾语变被动既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,保留直接宾语；也可以将直接宾语转化成主语,名师归纳总结 保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或 for ；第 1 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I am given a book. A book is given to me. 再举例：遇到一个男老师,他抽烟,顺便递给我一根 He passes me a cigarette. He buys me flowers. Flowers
5、 are bought for me. 宾补结构变被动语态宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成宾补结构；例：We call her 小燕子 . 变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处；我们让小明老师唱英文歌 We ask him to sing an English song. He is asked to sing an English song. I hear Jane playing the piano in her room. Jane is heard playing the piano in her room. （二）各种时态的被动语态的结构：1. 一般现在时 构成：
6、do/does 被动语态： am/is/are+done 2. 一般过去时 构成： did 被动语态： was/were+done 3. 一般将来时 构成： will/shall/be going to+do 被动语态： will/shall/be going to+be+done 4. 现在进行时 构成： am/is/are+doing 被动语态： was/were+being+done 5. 现在完成时 构成： had+done 被动语态： had+been+done 6. 过去进行时 构成： was/were+doing 被动语态： was/were+being+done 7. 过去完成
7、时 构成： had+done 被动语态 :had+been+done 8. 过去将来时 构成： would/should/be going to+do 被动语态： would/should/be going to+be+done二主动表被动名师归纳总结 1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive,run经营第 2 页,共 4 页后面加副词,主动表被动 well,easily - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The pen writes smoothly.学习必备欢迎下载这只笔用着很顺畅Clothe
8、s sold well. 衣服卖得很好This paper reads easily. 这篇文章读起来很简单The company runs well. 公司经营的很好Write,sell,lock,run 有时也用被动 sold out H他被支配打扫教室2.Look,sound,taste,smell,feel系动词用主动结构表被动意义；系动词我们用棒棒糖的例子都记得吧？那五句话怎么说的？It looks small. It sounds clear. It smells good. It feels hard. It tastes delicious. 翻译这五句话,都是被动的含义,但是
9、不用被动形式,主动表被动 被动仍原 to 这五个词是感官连系动词,仍有类似的简单混淆的感官动词,比如：大家都知道凤姐去美国了吧？凤姐最近又有什么新闻知道吗？有人看到凤姐在美国给人洗脚 We see her serve as a waitress in the U.S. see sb. do/doing（可能要区分这两个区分）变被动语态仍是主动表被动吗？不是的 刚刚讲过我们让小明老师唱英文歌的例子仍记得吧？We ask him to sing an English song. ask sb. to do to 后面接的是什么成分？宾补,多数有to ,少数的省略掉了省略掉的中学需要把握的只有两类,
10、一起来看有哪两类？凤姐被人看到在美国给人洗脚 She is seen serve as a waitress in the U.S. by us. 第一类感官动词： see,hear ,watch,notice+do sth. 区分 see do ,see doing 被动仍原 to 的仍有一种词,比如说：今日好几个人迟到, 迟到的每人罚十块钱, 终止了一起买好吃的, 我们选一个人 收钱,就选赵薇了 We make her collect money. She is made to collect money. Make意思是让 . 使.,叫做使役动词be done；to be done使役动
11、词： let ,make,have+do sth. 3. 在 be worth doing中,doing 表被动意义；4.Want/need/require+doing相当于 want/need/require+to 表示不定式的被动结构；名师归纳总结 要讲！物作主语时重点！第 3 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载三无被动语态1. 不及物动词和动词短语不能用于被动语态happen,take place,belong to,disappear. 只讲这一个就好！ ！常见的： happen,appear,disappear
12、,fail,last,rise,remain come true,break out,fall asleep,take place 例句： After the fire, very little remained of my house. 错 The price has been risen. 对 The price has risen. 错 The accident was happened last week. 对 The accident happened last week. 错 The price has raised. 对 The price has been raised. 错
13、Please seat. 对 Please be seated. 2. 主动句的宾语是 each other The man introduced himself. 或反身代词时,不能用于被动语态； Himself was introduced 错误！ They help each other study English. Each other is helped study . 错误！3. 当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态； We will have a meeting. 错误！ A meeting will be had by us.常见的： have,hold ,
14、rise ,lock ,fit,wish,notice agree with,happen to,suffer from,belong to 例句： This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 4. 主动句的宾语是不定式或doing 时,不能用作被动语态中的主语； My brother enjoys watching TV. Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother. 错误！ He asked to have a try. 名师归纳总结 To have a try was asked.错误！第 4 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -