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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读教材 p 101-103 个人收集整理仅供参考学习翻译技巧 -转换由于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式等方面存在着很多差异,表达方式,使译文通顺流畅、地道可读；这种变通技巧就是转换法因此英译汉经经常有必要转变 shift of perspective ；转换的形式多种多样,大体可分为 7 种：词类转换,句子成分转换,表达方式转换,自然语序与倒装语序转换；正面表达与反面表达转换,主动式与被动式转换,分句转换； 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习一、词类转换词类转换是指英语中的某一词类译成汉语时转换成另一词类；（一）英语名词、介词、形容词或副词转换为汉语
2、动词1 The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. 因此, 对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲,培育一种爱好和新的乐趣方式,乃是至关重要的计策；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习2 The Red Army Men marched on bravely against the piercing wind. 勇前进； 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习红军冒着刺骨的寒风英3 All were unconscious that thi
3、s experience was a test of character; and, when the first excitement was over, felt that they had done well, and deserved praise. 大家都没有熟悉到这番体会却是一次个性的考查,最初的兴奋过去以后,又觉得自己已经干得不错了,理应受到赞扬； 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习4 He appeared at her side, breathing audibly, a moment after she reached the stop. She gazed ahead, ri
4、gid. 她到车站不一会儿,他便显现在她的身旁,听见他喘息的声音；她注视着前方,表情严肃； 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习5 Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. 然而,对全部这两种类型的人来说,变换一下看法、转变一下环境和转 换一下留意力都是最基本的需要；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习6 and it was on the first stage of this journey, in
5、Kenya, that she received the news of her fathers death and her own accession to the throne. 就在此行的第一站肯尼亚,她接到了父 亲去世并由她本人继承王位的消息；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习（二）英语动词、副词转换为汉语名词、形容词1 The inflammation is characterized by red, swelling, fever, and pain. 痛； 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习炎症的特点是红、 肿、热、2 The visiting guests were escorted
6、to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday. 上星期天,来访的客人和伴随人员一起参观了黄鹤楼；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习3 Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad. 我国政府特别关怀海外华侨； 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习4 Formality has always characterized their relationship. 以礼相待； 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是5 Most US spy satellites are
7、 designed to burn up in the earths atmosphere after completing their missions. 美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在大气层中焚毁；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习（三）英语名词转换为汉语形容词、副词1 He added: I understand and respect those views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision. 他仍说： 我懂得并敬重他们的看法,但我深信我的打算是正确的；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习1 / 5
8、 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 个人收集整理 仅供参考学习2 They came back game and glee. 他们兴致勃勃地回来了；二、 句子成分转换句子成分转换是指英语中的某一句子成分译成汉语时转换成另一种句子成分；句子成分转换在主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语之间绽开；例如：文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习1 You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The somebodies come l
9、ate.在鸡尾酒会上人们经常可以看出大人物和无名小卒来；那些迟到的就是大人物；（主语转换为表语；谓语转换为主语）文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习2 With the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习由于可怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导,他好像完全丢失了自信；但所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己假想出来的； （主语转换为宾语,宾语转换为主语）文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习3 Cheerful, effic
10、ient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习 他们乐观、能干、热忱,总是想方设法使你一路上顺当舒服；（状语转换为谓语）4 Her presence of mind had not completely deserted her; but she could not have trusted herself to speak.文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习 她仍没有完全失去冷静,一时却又找不出话可说；（主语转换为宾语,宾语转换为主
11、语）5 This is the unexpected kind of remark that makes me like the colonel; there is a touch of rough poetry about him. 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习 正是这种出人意料的言论使我喜爱上了上校；他这个人仍有那么点诗意呢；（主语转换为宾语；介词宾语转换为主语）文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习三、表达方式转换英汉两种语言在表达方式上往往因角度不同而异；要克服这些差异, 翻译时也就常有必要把一种表达方式转换为另一种表达方式,使译文符合汉语表达习惯；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习（一）英语中
12、有一些计量词,如 score, dozen, decade, quarter等,在汉语中没有相应的表达方式,所以在汉译时得对其加以转换；例如：文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习1 Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.100 年以前,一位宏大的美国人签署明白放宣言,我们现在就站在他象征性的庇荫中；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习2 A dozen and a half aeroplanes poured out in
13、to the airport during that five minutes. 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习那 5 分钟内,有 18 架飞机涌进了机场；3 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation. 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习87 年前,我们的先辈在这个大陆上创建了一个新的国家；4 They had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years.文档收集自网络, 仅用于个人学习在
14、 17 年中,他们生了 12 个孩子, 6 男 6 女；（二）由于英汉两种语言在表述角度上不尽相同,翻译经经常有必要转换角度,才能使意思明白清晰、表达自然；例如：文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习1 She has been a widow only for six months. 她丈夫死了至今才不过半年；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习（原文是从妻子的角度加以陈述的,而译文是从丈夫的角度加以陈述的；假如不转变表达方2 / 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 个人收集整理 仅供参考学习式,而搬用原先的表达方式,那译文就
15、是：她只当了 6 个月的寡妇； 这就会给人以错觉：她很快就改嫁了； ）文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习2 Is there a special rate by the month. Yes, there is a 10% discount. 按月运算有什么优惠吗？ 有,可以打 9 折；四、 自然语序与倒装语序转换 英语中使用倒装语序,句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后； 倒装语序主要是指主谓倒装；主要是为了加强语气、突出重点、平稳句子结构等；而汉语中使用倒装语序相对较少,所以英译汉时,经常得将倒装语序转换为自然语序；例如：1 Away ran the boy. 男孩跑开了；文档收集自网络,仅用于
16、个人学习2 Slowly climbs the summer moon. 夏天的月亮渐渐地爬上来了；翻译技巧 -转换 2 正面表达与反面表达转换由于思维方式的不同,英语中有些从正面表达的东西在汉语中习惯从反面来表达；而有些从反面来表达的东西在汉语中就习惯从正面来表达；因此, 英译汉经经常有必要进行转换；这就是通常所说的 正说反译、反说正译 法；英语正面表达这里指的是不带否定词 no, not , never 否定前缀 non-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-和否定后缀 -less 等的句子,汉语正面表达就是指不带 不 、没、非、 未、 否、 无、 莫 、 勿、别等否定词语的句子；反之
17、就是反面表达； 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习（一）英语正面表达转换为汉语反面表达frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱Freeze. 别动！Wet paint. 油漆未干！mortally ill 不治之症这项建议差点通不过；文档收集自网络,仅1 The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin. 用于个人学习2We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 我们信任, 年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习3
18、He went to an outdoor phone booth and dialed Chicago, then New York, then San Francisco. Silence. Silence. Silence. 他到文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习一个户外公用电话亭,先给芝加哥、又给纽约、旧金山打了电话；没有回音；没有回音；没有回音；4 As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excell
19、ent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity. 作为居住的地方,这里有很多不足之处,但作为改革性的新飞机隐秘训练基地,却是特别抱负的；由于它地处边境,人们不易发觉其中的活动；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习5 The pictures that linger in his mind, called up in a moment by such sensations as the smell of roses or of new-mown hay, are of a simpler nature. 然而, 萦绕心头的画面,那些一
20、经嗅到玫瑰花香或新奇干草的气息便会倏地闯入记忆的情形,其实并不复杂；习文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学6 As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper; and began reading. 他一面喝咖啡,一面翻开油墨未干的晨报,看了起来；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习7 Fathers attitude toward anybody who wasnt his kind used to puzzle me. 以前我总不懂父亲3 / 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - -
21、- - - - - - - 个人收集整理 仅供参考学习为什么对那些脾气跟他不一样的人实行那么个态度；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习8 Sadly, Edward died before he could see the new church, but his beautiful tomb is still there, with the tombs of the Kings and Queens of England who came after him. 遗憾的是, 爱德华未能观察新教堂就去世了,但是他那幽雅的坟墓和嗣后的英国国王和王后的坟墓仍都留在那里；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习（二）
22、英语反面表达转换为汉语正面表达1 You cant be too careful. 你要特殊当心；2 The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us. 这些大事引起了我们的重视；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习3 Such flights couldnt long escape notice. 这类飞行迟早会被人发觉的；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习4 The human system can hold out for a while against the gas from a leaking, damped-down coal sto
23、ve, but soon after unconsciousness comes death. 煤气如是从封上火的煤炉漏出,人体可以忍受一些时候,但人昏迷之后,不用很久就会死亡；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习5 But there is another story, a family saga, that may turn out to be important to unlocking the mystery of what actually happened between Lewinsky and the President. 但是,莱温斯基和总统之间到底发生了什么事,另外一个故事,即家
24、史,最终对解开这个谜特别重要；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习6 Maintaining credibility requires confronting potential adversaries with the objective, unambiguous facts of our counter-balancing military capabilities, our political strengths and economic advantages, and our clear resolution to use these for our defense if necessary
25、. 保持这种牢靠性需要以下客观的、明确的事实来应付潜在的对手：我们达到平稳的军事才能、我们的政治实力和经济优势以及我们必要时使用这些手段进行防卫的毫不模糊的决心；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习六、 主动式与被动式转换英语中被动语态用得较多,而汉语中被动语态就用得相对较少,因此英译汉时被动语态经常可转换为主动语态,当然有时也可以保留其被动语态；而英语中的主动语态,有时汉译也可依据汉语的表达习惯转换为被动语态；（一）被动转换为主动文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习英语被动句式转换为汉语主动句式时,原文中的主语在译文中有时仍可作主语,有时也可作宾语,有时全句仍可译成带表语的主动句；例如：文档收集自网络,
26、仅用于个人学习1 Heat is constantly produced by the body as a result of muscular and cellular activity. 由于肌肉和细胞活动的结果,身体不断地产生热；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习2 In a moment he will turn and see us, and his face will be lighted by a smile so radiant youll feel warm all the way through. 过一会儿他会转过身来看着我们,那时他脸上会泛出辉煌的微笑,让你全身都感到暖和；文
27、档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习3 With the development of speech, the number of occasions producing sudden experiences of pleasure increased, and since laughter was closely associated with speech, man had this means of expressing his pleasure. 随着说话的进展,产生突然感受开心的机会增多了,并且,由于笑与说话亲密相关,人类就有了这种表达开心的手段；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习4 In fu
28、ture conflicts, similar logistical problems are likely to be repeated-raising the prospect of mass confusion in a full-scale mobilization. 在将来的冲突中, 类似的后勤问题大致仍会重复显现,从而在一次大规模的动员中有可能显现大乱；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习当然有时英语被动语态翻译成汉语时仍可用被动句式,例如：4 / 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 个人收集整理 仅供参考学
29、习1 When we were first captured, my own reaction was mainly one of fear and suspicion. 我们刚被俘时,我的感觉是又可怕又怀疑；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习2 The visitor was flattered and impressed. 客人受宠如惊,深为感动；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习（二）主动转换为被动有时 , 英语中主动句在汉译时可用汉语中的被动句来表达,但这一现象似不多见；例如：1 His acceptance into the Party is a quite natural thing. 他
30、被吸取到党内是完全应当的；文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习2 Appalled by what he had done, Bob rushed to the parapet and flung himself on the rocks below, where the sea claimed him immediately. 跳到下面的岩石上,立刻被大海所淹没；七、分句转换鲍勃对他所做的一切感到震动,他冲到护墙处,纵身 文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习分句转换是指一种英语分句翻译成汉语时转换成另一种分句,例如：1 They felt that it was much easier and safe
31、r to rob their own people, for they knew that white policemen never really searched diligently for Negroes who committed crimes against other Negroes.他们觉得抢劫他们的同种人要安全得多,由于他们知道,假如黑人侵害的是黑人,白人警察便从来不仔细搜捕；（定语从句 -条件状语从句）文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习2 Her great grief in this relation was that her only child, on whose education no expense had been and would be spared, was now old enough to perceive these deficiencies in his mother. 这一方面给她造成了极大的苦闷,也就是有关她的独生子的问题；虽然过去和今后在儿子的训练费用上既不曾也不会省掉什么钱,然而如今他的年纪已经不小,能留意他母亲的这些缺点了；（定语从句 -让步状语从句）文档收集自网络,仅用于个人学习5 / 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页