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1、The Academic Word List (AWL) 英语学术词汇表1. What is the AWL? AWL ( 英语学术词汇表) 是一个由 Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表，它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose) 中最常用的570 个词目 (headwords)， 每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。例如：词目“ analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇：analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, anal
2、ysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing 。其中斜体字，analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。2. What are the 10 sublists of the AWL ？AWL 分十个 sublists (小组 )。除了第十小组包含30 个词目外，其他小组均含有90 个词目。Sublist 1（第一组）包含的词汇最常用，sublist 2（第二组）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublists 依次类推。 AWL
3、 中的每一个词目后都有一个数字，它代表了该词目是属于AWL 中的哪一组。例如abandon 8 就表示 abandon 是属于第八小组的词目。3. Where to find the AWL? 本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL 词目。登陆网页http:/language.massey.ac.nz/staff/awl/headwords.shtml 能看到 570 个词目（ headwords） 。如果你想得到每一个词目下面所包含的相关单词，请登陆http:/language.massey.ac.nz/staff/awl/sublists.shtml, 该网页能下载所有的单词。THE
4、ACADEMIC WORD LIST (E - O) abandon v. go away from (a person or thing or place) not intending to return; forsake; desert abstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence academy n. school for special training access n. means of approaching or entering
5、(a place); way in accommodate v. provide lodging or room for accompany v. walk or travel with (sb) as a companion or helper; escort accumulate v. gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of get (sth) in this way accurate adj. free from error achieve v. gain or reach (sth), u
6、su by effort, skill, courage, etc acknowledge v. accept the truth of admit (sth) acquire v. gain (sth) by ones own ability, efforts or behaviour adapt v. sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth adequate adj. satisfactory in quantity or quality; sufficient adjacent h
7、aving a common endpoint or border also immediately preceding or following adjust v. put (sth) into the correct order or position; arrange administrate v. to administer adult adj. grown to full size or strength advocate v. speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; support affect v. have an influe
8、nce on (sb/sth); produce an effect on aggregate v. sb (fml ) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount aid n. help albeit conj although allocate v. sth allot or assign sth (to sb/sth) for a special purpose alter v. become different; change in character, position, size, shape, etc alter
9、native adj. available in place of sth else; other 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - ambiguous adj. having more than one possible meaning amend v. correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightly analogy
10、n. partial similarity between two things that are compared analyse v. separate into its parts in order to study its nature or structure annual adj. happening every year anticipate v. expect apparent adj. clearly seen or understood; obvious append v. sth (fml ) attach or add sth (esp in writing) appr
11、eciate v. understand and enjoy (sth); value highly approach v. come near or nearer to in space or time appropriate adj. suitable; right and proper approximate adj. almost correct or exact but not completely so arbitrary adj. based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reason area n. extent or measu
12、rement of a surface aspect n. particular part or feature of sth being considered assemble v. come together; collect assess v. sth decide or fix the amount of sth assign v. sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used assist v. in/with sth; (sb) in doing sth (fml ) h
13、elp assume v. accept as true before there is proof assure v. tell (sb) positively or confidently attach v. sth fasten or join sth (to sth) attain v. succeed in getting (sth); achieve attitude n. way of thinking or behaving attribute v. sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced
14、by sb/sth author n. writer of a book, play, etc authority n. power to give orders and make others obey automate v. cause to operate by automation available adj. that can be used or obtained aware adj. of sb/sth; that. having knowledge or realization of sb/sth behalf n. on behalf of sb/on sbs behalf;
15、 US in behalf of sb/in sbs behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb; in the interest of sb benefit n. profit; gain; future good (used esp with the vs and preps shown) bias n. opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group orseries; predisposition;
16、prejudice bond n. written agreement or promise that has legal force; covenant brief adj. lasting only a short time; short bulk n. size, quantity or volume, esp when great capable adj. having ability; able; competent capacity n. ability to hold or contain sth category n. class or group of things in a
17、 complete system of grouping cease v. come or bring (sth) to an end; stop challenge n. (to do sth) invitation or call (to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better, stronger, more able, etc channel n. sunken bed of a river, stream or canal 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - -
18、 - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - chapter n. (usu numbered) division of a book chart n. detailed map used to help navigation at sea, showing coasts, rocks, the depth of the sea, etc chemical adj. of or relating to chemistry circumstance n. condition or fact
19、 connected with an event or action cite quote; commend civil adj. of or relating to the citizens of a country clarify v. (cause sth to) become clear or easier to understand classic adj. having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned; of lasting value and importance clause n. group of word
20、s that includes a subject1(4a) and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentence code n. (system of) words, letters, symbols, etc that represent others, used for secret messages or for presenting or recording information briefly coherent adj. connected logically or consistent; easy to understand;
21、 clear coincide v. (of events) occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth else collapse v. fall down or in suddenly colleague n. person with whom one works, esp in a profession or business commence v. begin (sth); start comment n. written or spoken remark giving an opinion on, e
22、xplaining or criticizing (an event, a person, a situation, etc) commission n. action, task or piece of work given to sb to do commit v. do (sth illegal, wrong or foolish) commodity n. thing bought in a shop and put to use, esp in the home communicate v. sth make sth known; convey sth community n. th
23、e community the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole compatible adj. (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist together compensate v. for sth give (sb) sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, injury,etc; compile v. s
24、th (for/from sth) collect (information) and arrange it in a book, list, report, etc complement n. thing that goes well or suitably with sth else, or makes it complete complex adj. made up of (usu several) closely connected parts component n. any of the parts of which sth is made compound n. thing ma
25、de up of two or more separate things combined together comprehensive adj. that includes everything comprise v. have as parts or members; be made up of compute v. sth calculate sth with a computer conceive v. become pregnant concentrate v. (sth) (on sth/doing sth) focus (ones attention, effort, etc)
26、exclusively and intensely on sth, not thinking about other less important things concept n. idea underlying sth; general notion conclude v. (with sth) (usu fml ) come or bring (sth) to an end concurrent adj. existing, happening or done at the same time conduct n. persons behaviour confer v. (with sb
27、) (on/about sth) have discussions (esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice) confine v. sb/sth keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted space confirm v. provide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, etc); establish the truth of conflict n. struggle; fight conform
28、 v. keep to or comply with (generally accepted rules, standards, etc) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - consent v. give agreement or permission consequent adj. (fml ) following sth as a result or an effect considerable adj. g
29、reat in amount or size consist v. (phr v) consist of sth be composed or made up of sth constant adj. going on all the time; happening again and again constitute v. (fml ) make up or form (a whole); be the components of constrain v. make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by force construct
30、v. build (sth); put or fit together; form consult v. sb/sth go to (a person, book, etc) for information, advice, etc consume v. use (sth) up contact n. state of touching (used esp with the vs shown) contemporary adj. of the time or period being referred to; belonging to the same time context writing
31、s preceding and following passage quoted contract n. (for sth/to do sth) legally binding agreement, usu in writing contradict v. say sth that conflicts with by (sb), suggesting that the person is mistaken or not telling the truth contrary adj. opposite in nature, tendency or direction contrast v. A
32、and/with B compare so that differences are made clear contribute v. (to/towards sth) give ones share of (money, help, advice, etc) to help a joint cause controversy n. public discussion or argument, often rather angry, about sth which many people disagreewith convene v. summon to come together; arra
33、nge (a meeting, etc) converse v. (about sth); (together) (fml ) talk convert v. (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to another convince v. sb make sb feel certain; cause sb to realize cooperate to work or act together coordinate vt. to organize or integrate (diverse elem
34、ents) in a harmonious operation core n. centre of such fruits as the apple and pear, containing the seeds corporate adj. of or shared by all the members of a group; collective correspond v. be in agreement; not contradict sth or each other couple n. two people or things that are seen together or ass
35、ociated, esp a man and woman together create v. cause to exist; make (sth new or original) credit n. permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received; system of paying in this way criteria n. (pl of criterion) standard by which sth is judged crucial adj. very im
36、portant; decisive culture n. refined understanding and appreciation of art, literature, etc currency n. money system in use in a country cycle n. series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order data n. facts or information used in deciding or discussing sth debate n. formal argument o
37、r discussion of a question, eg at a public meeting or in Parliament, with two or more opposing speakers, and often ending in a vote decade n. period of ten years decline v. say no to (sth); refuse (sth offered), usu politely deduce v. sth arrive at (facts, a theory, etc) by reasoning; infer sth defi
38、ne v. sth state precisely the meaning of (eg words) definite adj. clear; not doubtful 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - demonstrate v. sth (to sb) show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence denote v. be the name, sign or sy
39、mbol of (sth); refer to deny v. say that (sth) is not true depress v. make sad and without enthusiasm derive v. sth from sth obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth design n. (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be made despite prep without being affected by detect v. discover or recognize
40、that (sth) is present deviate v. from sth stop following device n. thing made or adapted for a special purpose devote v. oneself/sth to sb/sth give to sb/sth; dedicate ; differentiate v. between A and B; A (from B) see or show (two things) to be different; show sth to be different (from sth else) di
41、mension n. measurement of any sort diminish v. become smaller or less; decrease discrete adj. separate; distinct discriminate v. A from B see or make a difference (between two things) displace v. move from the usual or correct place display v. sth put sth on show dispose v. place(sb/sth) in a suitab
42、le way; arrange distinct adj. easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite distort v. pull or twist out of its usual shape distribute v. sth separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thing diverse adj. of different kinds; varied document n. paper, form, book, etc giving informat
43、ion about sth, evidence or proof of sth domain n. lands owned or ruled by a nobleman, government, etc domestic adj. of the home, household or family dominate v. have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc) draft n. rough preliminary written version of sth drama n. play for the
44、 theatre, radio or TV duration n. time during which sth lasts or continues dynamic adj. of power or forces that produce movement economy n. avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc) edit v. prepare for publication, eg in a book, newspaper, or magazine element n. necessary or char
45、acteristic part of sth eliminate v. sb/sth remove (esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed) emerge v. come out or up (from water, etc) emphasis n. force or stress given to a word or words when spoken, to make the meaning clear or to show importance empirical adj. based on observation or experiment,
46、not on theory enable v. make able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or means encounter v. meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) energy n. ability to act or work with strength and eagerness enforce v. sth force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth
47、 effective enhance v. increase make (sb/sth) look better 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - enormous adj. very large; immense ensure v. make sure; guarantee entity n. thing with distinct and real existence environment n. condi
48、tions, circumstances, etc affecting peoples lives equate v. sth consider sth as equal or equivalent (to sth else) equip v. sb/sth (with sth) supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose) equivalent adj. equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc erode v. destroy or wear (sth) a
49、way gradually error n. thing done wrongly; mistake establish v. set up on a firm or permanent basis estate n. area of land, esp in the country, with one owner estimate n. judgement or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc of sth ethic n. system of moral principles; rules of conduct e
50、thnic adj. of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural tradition evaluate v. find out or form an idea of the amount or value of (sb/sth); assess eventual adj. happening at last as a result; ultimate evident adj. (that.) obvious (to the eye or mind); clear evolve v. (cause to) de