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1、1 高二英语课堂学案非谓语动词Name: Group 主动语态被动语态否认式句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式前面直接加 not 主 宾 表 定 状 补动词不定式to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 动词ing doing - having done being done having been done 过去分词done vt.(被动完成 ) risen vi (主动完成 ) 注：1.动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行；进行式所表示的动作正在进行；而完成
2、式所表示的动作则在谓语动词的动作之前发生。2.动词 ing 的一般式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前、后或同时进行要看语境；而完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生。He came here to borrow a book. I pretended to be reading when mother came in. She is said to have been sent to Europe on business Being a student, he was interested in books. Having done his homework, he went to bed. The
3、question being discussed is important. 一不定式和 -ing 形式作主语的区别1. -ing 和不定式都可以作主语，-ing 作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的将来动作。Smoking is forbidden here 这里禁止抽烟。 (抽象 ) Learning a foreign language is very useful. It is not very good for you to smoke so much 你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 2.不定式做主语，一般用 it 当形式主语，把作主语的不定式
4、短语后置。 常见句型有 it is adj. (of/for sb.) to do sth. It took will and patience to do anything well. It is nice of you to say so.3.-ing 在“It is no use/ no good/useless + doing，It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time) ” 结构中作主语，it 为形式主语。It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters. 写信给他不妥，他从来不回
5、信。It is a waste of time trying to explain 1. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learning C. learned D. Being learned 2. It is not always easy _ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused 3. _ now seems impossible. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -
6、 - -第 1 页，共 8 页2 A. Saving money B. saved money C. Being saved money D. To be saved money 4.To answer correctly is more important than _ A. a quick finish B. to finish quickly C. finishing quickly D. you finish quickly 5. How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrow s meeting. A. to solve B. to b
7、e solved C. being solved D. solving 6. It was polite _ the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman. A. for B. of C. to D. with 7. Is it necessary _ the book immediately? A. for him to return B. that he returns C. his returning D. of him to return 8. It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus. A.
8、cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to 9. _ the assignment made his father lose his temper. A. The boy s not having done B. The boy not having done C. The boy s having not done D. The boy having not done 二不定式和 ing 形式作宾语的区别1.-ing 形式作宾语通常表示一般的、经常性的行为，而不定式 作宾语表示特定的、具体的、一次性动
9、作I like swimming , but I dont like to swim today.2. 1)有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语：help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long 等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。2)有些动词或短语只接ing 作宾语： admit 承认 ；excuse
10、 原谅 ；practise 练习； appreciate 欣赏； finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid 防止； forgive 宽恕；delay 耽搁； imagine 想象； keep 保留； risk 冒险； dislike 讨厌； mind 在意； miss 错过； suggest 建议； enjoy 喜欢； cant stand 忍不住； feel like 想要；give up 放弃； put off 推迟；object to 反对; look forward to 期望, keep on一直, set about着手, She finished reading
11、the book ( 看完这本书 yesterday. Will you admit having broken the window?你承认不承认打破了窗户？He put off making a decision till he had more information.Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？We are looking forward to coming to China.我们期待着来中国。Do you mind my smoking in the room？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？I don t want _ like Im spe
12、aking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded It is difficult to imagine his _the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted In some parts of London, missing a bus means _for another hour. A
13、. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 类似的知识点要记牢。1remember to do sth. 记住要做2forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事34mean to do sth.打算，想要 mean doing 意味着，意思是5try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事67consider doing 考虑做某事 consider sb. to do 认为某人做某事8stop to do 停下来，要做另一件事不定式作目的状语stop do
14、ing 停止做动名词作宾语9go on to do 接着做另一件事不定式作目的状语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页3 go on doing 继续做同一件事动名词作宾语10 be used to do 被用来做某事Be used to doing 习惯于做某事4. want ，need，require 接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系These young trees require looking after =to be looked after. The matter
15、 needs thinking over(=to be thought over). 5.有些动词后要用 “ 疑问词不定式 ” 结构作复合宾语It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it I can t stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses_
16、talking while she works. A. working , stopping B. to work, stopping C. working, to stop D. to work , to stop Isnt it time you got down to_ the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that,
17、to be improved B. which , to be improved C. where, improving D. when, improving Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried alone, but she didn t like it and moved back home. A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived All the staff in our company are considering_ to the city c
18、entre for the fashion show. A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone 三作宾补时 ,三者的区别1.有些动词接不定式作宾补： 和宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成；表一次性动作wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on sb to do 注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +sb. t
19、o do advise/allow/permit/forbid +doing 作宾语时He asked me to finish it in time. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. see sb. do 此类动词还有 hear, listen to watch, observe have find feel notice look at smell 等doing done When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. 主动进行I saw him go to the cinema. 主动，全过程
20、We heard her singing next door. 主动进行I heard the song sung in English many times. 3. make + oneself + done He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。The teacher asked us _so much noise. A. don t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make Excuse me sir, where is Room 301
21、? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing A cook will be immediately fired if he was found _in kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking
22、C. spoken D. to speak 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页4 四做表语时三者的区别1.不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。My job is to help the patient. 说明主语具体内容His wish is to buy a sleeping car in the near future 2 -ing 形式作表语：表示抽象的、一般性的行为。 说明主语具体内容，主表可换位His hobby is collecting stamps Her job is looking
23、 after the child. 表“ 令人如何如何 ” 主语所具有的特征 ，如： astonishing exciting moving surprising tiring interesting amusing shocking worryingHis report is interesting. The music sounds exciting. 3 V-ed：主语所处的状态表“ 让人感到如何如何 ” 如： astonished excited moved surprised tired interested disappointed drunk frightened married
24、 confused pleased puzzled satisfied 等The cups are broken. She is interested in the job. Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly Please remain ;the winner of the prize will be announced soon. A. seating
25、 B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated 五作定语时 ,三者的区别1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，假设为动宾关系，动词须为及物动词，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词 chance/ opportunity等 或由序数或形容词最高级修饰的名词。You are the third one to enter the room. I have something important to say. I need a pen to write with. The question to be discussed tomorrow
26、will be important. 2.-ing 作定语 多位于其前表示其性能、用途无时间性可换为for+doingHe has a reading room. a sleeping car a car for sleeping 表正在进行主谓关系即主动进行，可换为定语从句; a sleeping boy The girl gathering flowers is beautiful. The question being discussed now is important. 3.过去分词作定语有动宾关系，表完成即被动完成，可换为定语从句。a broken cup The question
27、 discussed yesterday is important. All the people invited to the meeting are VIP. (All the people who are invited to the meeting are VIP. ) 注意： 不定式作定语被the first/next/only/last 等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.
28、例如： Lets first find a room to live in / to put the things in. We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.) 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,假设在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。例如： I have a lot of things to do today. ( I . do . things) Have you got anything to say at the meetin
29、g? ( you. say . anything) Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to
30、 D. for sending it to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页5 The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _in Beijing in 2008. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there a
31、re pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed Can those at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem. A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completed B. havin
32、g been completed C. completed D. being completed The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 六. 作状语时 ,三者的区别1 不定式作状语通常表示 原因 (谓动之前 ) 目的 (谓动之后 )(可用 so as to/in order to替换 ) 结果 /程度(意想不到的结果，常为only to do so as to ， too to ) We were very excited to he
33、ar the news (原因) To get there on time I got up very early. 目的He travelled around the world to give lectures. 目的He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there. 结果You are so kind as to come here . 2-ing 或过去分词作状语通常表示原因时间条件让步结果伴随逗号(主语一致性； -ing 表主动，过去分词表被动) Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped cryi
34、ng. 原因Given an apple, the child stopped crying. 条件Not having received any news from home for a long time ,she is becoming more and more homesick.原因When/If heated, ice will be changed into water. 条件Seen from the top of the mountain, the village looks very small. 时间Being very small, computers are wide
35、ly used. 原因His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 结果The teacher entered the room ,followed by some students.(伴随) 3. 已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词短语不需要遵守这条附着规则常见的的有： considering (鉴于 /考虑到 ) ，judging by/from ( 从来看，依据 来判断 )，supposing that ( 假定) ，providing that (假定 ) ，according to ( 依据) ，including ( 包括) ，owing to ( 由
36、于) ，talking/speaking of(谈及) given ( 考虑到 ), provided that ( 如果)He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets has been sold out. A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have
37、 reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching The storm left ,_ a lot of damage to this area . A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A. Fail B.
38、FailedC. To fail D. Having failed around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页6 _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a
39、 doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put 七、非谓语动词特殊用法：一.以下情况用不定式：.sth. be adj(harddifficulteasyheavy) to do The question is di
40、fficult to answer. .sb. have sth. to do I have a lot of work to do. .There be sth. to doto be done There is nothing to talk about. .find (thinkfeelconsidermakebelieve)it adj to do sth There is no need to do. He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. She did nothing but cry. 二在“have difficulty (tro
41、uble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + doing ； be busy (in) +doing； There is no point (in) + doing”等结构中，in 常要省去。The children are busy doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. 再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。三在 beworth 后面只能用 -ing 的主动态来表示被动意义。His
42、 suggestion is worth considering, 此句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered. 四、catch + sb doing (撞见某人正在做某事 ) I caught a man stealing my purse. 五固定搭配：必须用 -ed 做状语be located in be fixed on be buried in be locked be lost in thought be dressed in be caught in the rain be separated from be satisfie
43、d with be seated be engaged in be armed with eg. Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 六独立成分作状语Generally speaking 一般来说judging from 根据来判断Frankly speaking 坦白的说considering 考虑到To tell you the truth 说实话七特殊逻辑主语及复合结构1. 特殊结构： 1) It +be +adj +for sb to do sth.表示“ 做某事对某人来说怎么样 ” 。此处形容词描述
44、事情。 Eg. It is very important for us to learn English. 2) It +be +adj +of sb to do sth 表示“ 做某事某人怎么样 ” 此处形容词描述人的品质、 修养等。 Eg.It is kind of you to help me. 八独立主格结构1. 逻辑主语 +doing/doneWeather permitting, Ill go to the park with my parents on Sunday. 如果天气允许，星期天我将和爸妈去公园。All things considered, the planned tr
45、ip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。2. There being +名词代词如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 3. It being +名词代词如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
46、- 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页7 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched The children went ho
47、me from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 九、不定式的省略What s the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _ _. A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for Would you like to join
48、me for a quick lunch before class? , but I promised Nancy to go out with her. A. I d like to B.I like it C.I don t D.I will In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than . A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be _the meeting himself gave them a gr
49、eat deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending1.全国卷 IThe children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at 2.全国卷 INow that we ve discuss
50、ed our problem, are people happy with the decisions? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 3.全国卷 IIThey use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 4.北京卷 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be g