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1、Section Reading and Thinking基础知识 预习自检WHATS IN A NAME? 名字里有什么？联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰许多人对这些不同的名字的含义感到困惑。所以这些名字的不同点是什么，如果有的话？了解一些关于英国的历史会帮助你解开疑惑。在16世纪，临近的威尔士加入了英格兰王国。之后，在18世纪，苏格兰的加入创建了大不列颠联合王国。在19世纪，爱尔兰王国的加入创建了大不列颠和爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，南爱尔兰脱离英国，因此才有了今天英国的名字：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只用简称：“the United Kingdom”或者“the UK”。
2、来自于联合王国的人被叫做“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为不列颠或者大不列颠。英国所属的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。除了拥有同样的货币和军事防御，他们也使用同样的国旗，亦称为米字旗。然而，他们也有不同之处。例如，英格兰，威尔士，苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育体系和司法体系。他们拥有自己的传统，比如他们自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至用各自的足球队来参加比赛，比如世界杯！英国有悠久而富有趣味的历史去让人探寻，这可以帮助你更加了解这个国家及其传统。在英国无论你去哪里，你都会感受到四个不同的群体曾经存在的证据，他们在不同的历史时期接管了这个国家。第一个群体是罗马，出现在1世纪。他们的伟大成就包括
3、建立城镇和马路。接下来，盎格鲁撒克逊人在5世纪来到英国。他们引进了最初的英语语言并且改变了房屋建造方式。维京人出现在8世纪，留下了很多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名字。最后出现的是诺曼底人。11世纪，他们在著名的黑斯廷战役后征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰到处建造城堡，并且更改了法律体系。诺曼底人是法国人，所以很多法语词汇慢慢进入了英语语言中。 有很多关于英国的有趣的历史和文化可以去了解。学习这个国家的历史会让你的旅行更加愉快。首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。那里有数不清的历史古迹可以去探访，还有很多博物馆，里面有来自于英国各地的古代文物。英国完美地结
4、合了历史和现代文化，新旧传统共存。如果你留心观察，你会惊奇地发现你可以同时看到它的过去和现在。重点知识 合作探究1chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长(教材P40)归纳拓展chief engineer/judge 总工程师/审判长Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官Students are the chief parts of evaluation on teaching effect.学生是教学效果评价的最重要的主体。Chief Buthelezi was a brave I
5、ndian chief.布特莱齐酋长是一位勇敢的印第安酋长。单句写作天气是我们来这里的主要原因。The weather was our _ for coming here.他们邀请了当地的印第安人首领和90名印第安人。They invited the local _ and 90 Indians. 答案：chief reasonIndian chief2Finally, in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which_resulted_in_the_full_name_we_have_
6、today:_the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (教材P40)最后，在20世纪，南爱尔兰脱离英国，因此才有了今天英国的名字：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 剖析句中which resulted in the full name we have today是which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which意为“这一点；这件事”，非限制定语从句中又含有一个省略了关系词that的限制性定语从句。 归纳拓展as/which引导的非限制性定语从句(1)as与 which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，先行词可以是一个
7、句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以位于句首、句中、句末。 which引导的非限制性定语从句常位于句末。(2)as具有“正如，像”等含义，而 which意为“这一点，这件事”。Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen.因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。As we know, the teacher is from Beijing.正如我们所知，这位教师来自北京。(1)单句语法填空The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 perce
8、nt in just one year.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.答案：aswhich(2)单句写作正如上面提到的，中国是个美丽的国家。_， China is a beautiful country.这本小说很感人，我已经读了三遍。This novel, _， is very touching.答案：As is mentioned abovewhich I have read
9、 three times3break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱(教材P40)归纳拓展break down (机器等)出故障，损坏；分解；崩溃；情绪失控break in 闯入，破门而入；打断，插嘴break into 破门而入；闯入break off 折断；中断break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发break up 分解；打碎；破裂，分手The robber broke_away_from the prison.抢劫犯从监狱逃脱了。He broke_off in the middle of a sentence.他一句话说了一半就不说了。(1)单句语
10、法填空Burglars had broken _ while we were away.It was the fact that his car broke _ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.The fire broke _ during the day, and therefore almost no one was injured.Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken _.答案：indownoutup(2)单句写作那个男孩挣脱了他妈妈，
11、跑掉了。The boy _ his mother and ran away.答案：broke away from4belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应(教材P40)归纳拓展(1)belong to “属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。belong to a club/group/organization是俱乐部/团体/组织的成员(2)belongings n. 财产，所有物(2019浙江高考)The students feel that they belong_to a particular group.学生们感觉他们属于某一特定群体。(2017全国卷)Papercutting has
12、a history of over 1,500 years, which belongs_to traditional art in China.剪纸有1,500多年的历史，属于中国传统艺术。She packed a few of her belongings in a bag and left.她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。(1)单句语法填空The house had belonged _ her family for three or four generations.Many of her personal _ (belong) had been stolen.答案：tobelong
13、ings(2)单句写作我过去是一个青年俱乐部的成员。I used to _ a youth club. 答案：belong to5as well as 同(一样也)；和；还(教材P40)归纳拓展(1)A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的单复数随A的人称和数的变化而变化。(2)as well as可以用来连接两个相同的成分，强调的重点在前面，不在后面。(3)may/might as well 最好；还是为好；不妨(2019天津高考)Amy, as_well_as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the
14、village last week.艾米，还有她的哥哥们，上周回到村子的时候受到了热烈欢迎。The weather is so bad that we might_as_well stay at home.天气太糟了，我们最好待在家里。(1)单句语法填空They visited some factories, hospitals as _ as the school.The movie star as well as a lot of fans _ (be)photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers. 答案：wellwas(2)单句写作我们
15、不仅可以了解其他国家的历史和文化，而且还可以更多地了解伟人的生活。We can learn more about the life of great people _ history and cultures of other countries.答案：as well as6defence n. 防御；保卫(教材P40)归纳拓展(1)defence against sth. 防御物；防务；防御能力in defence of 保护；为辩护(2)defend v. 防御；保护；保卫defend . against/from . 保护免受伤害The immune system is our main
16、 defence_against disease.免疫系统是我们抵御疾病的主要屏障。Mr Green stood up in_defence_of the little boy.格林先生站起来为这个小男孩辩护。Our forefathers built this wall to defend_themselves_from invasion.我们的祖先修筑这道城墙是为了保护他们不受侵略。(1)单句语法填空In addition, firewalls are no defence _ internal hackers. Strength lies not in _ (defend) but in
17、 attack.答案：againstdefence(2)单句写作进攻是最好的防御。Offense is _.答案：the best defence7legal adj. 法律的；合法的(教材P40)归纳拓展(1)legal action 法律行动legal advice 法律咨询/建议legal battle 官司；法律纠纷legal defence 法律辩护legal department 法务部legal documents 法律文件legal expert 法律专家legal guardian 法定监护人(2)illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的；违法的(3)legally adv
18、. 合法地；法定地Gambling is legal in some countries.在某些国家里赌博是合法的。Its illegal to drive through a red light.开车闯红灯是违章行为。The school is legally responsible for your childs safety.学校对你的孩子负有法律上的安全责任。(1)单句语法填空The land belongs _ (legal) to the government.It is _ (legal)and could endanger other peoples lives.答案：lega
19、llyillegal(2)单句写作这场官司延续了几年，最后在法庭外和解。This _ continued for years before being settled out of court.答案：legal battle8surround vt. 围绕；包围(教材P40)归纳拓展(1)surround . with . 以包围be surrounded by/with 被包围(2)surrounding adj. 周围的(3)surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物The building was surrounded_with police.那栋房子被警察包围了。To some
20、people, happiness is_being_surrounded_by/with family and friends.对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友包围着。He likes to surround_himself_with amusing people.他喜欢让自己的身边都是有趣的人。Living in beautiful and comfortable surroundings,_we feel very happy.生活在优美舒适的环境里，我们感到很幸福。(1)单句语法填空_ (surround) by the sea on three sides, modern Qin
21、gdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.The _ (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city.I need to work in pleasant _ (surround)答案：Surroundedsurroundingsurroundings(2)单句写作远处那栋被许多大树环绕的高楼是我爸爸公司的所在地。The tall building _ many big trees in the distance is where my father
22、s company is located.答案：surrounded by9evidence n. 证据；证明(教材P40)归纳拓展(1)There is some evidence that . 有证据证明(2)evident adj. 明显的It is evident that . 很明显 (3)evidently adv. 明显地，显然There_is_a_lot_of_evidence_that stress is partly responsible for disease.有很多证据证明压力是致病的部分原因。It_was_evident_that she had once been
23、 a beauty.很明显她曾是个美人。Evidently,_he has not made up his mind yet.显然他还没有拿定主意。(1)单句语法填空There is no evidence _ the meeting actually took place._ (evidence), the Spanish team is likely to win the World Cup.答案：thatEvidently(2)单句写作很明显他是有罪的。_ that he is guilty. 答案：It is evident10They had_castles_built all ar
24、ound England, and made changes to the legal system. (教材P41)他们在英格兰到处建造城堡，并且更改了法律体系。剖析句中had castles built 为have sth.done结构，宾语castles与build之间为被动关系，故用过去分词built作宾语补足语。归纳拓展在此结构中，have为使役动词，意为“使，让”，可表示三种含义(1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。(2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与，也可能不参与)。(3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。I had_that_door_painted last week.上星期我请人给那扇门
25、刷了油漆。We must have_the_work_finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二之前完成此项工作。I had_my_leg_broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的一条腿摔断了。易混辨析：have(使，让)构成的其他常见结构have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。宾语sb.与do构成逻辑上的主谓关系。相当于let/make sb. do或 get sb. to do sth.结构。Joe had me find a car for him.乔让我给他找辆车。have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”，强调
26、动作一直在持续。宾语sb.与do构成逻辑上的主谓关系。Im sorry to have you waiting here so long.很抱歉让你在这儿等这么久。(1)单句语法填空The director had her assistant _ (pick)up some documents for the meeting.The teacher had him _ (stand) for a long time outside to punish him for his being late again.After the farewell (欢送) party, we had a pho
27、to _ (take) to record this precious moment.答案：pickstandingtaken(2)单句写作昨天晚上，我的手表被偷了。I had _ last night.答案：my watch stolen11fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的(教材P41)归纳拓展(1)fascinate v. 深深吸引；迷住(2)fascinated adj. 入迷的；极感兴趣的Madagascar is the most fascinating place I have ever been to.马达加斯加是我去过的最迷人的地方。It was a qu
28、estion that had_fascinated him since he was a boy.这是他自幼就着迷的问题。Im fascinated by the beauty of Lijiang and Dali.我被丽江和大理的美景迷住了。(1)单句语法填空He told some _ (fascinate) tales about his life in India.This child was _ (fascinate) by the plots in the novel. 答案：fascinatingfascinated(2)单句写作我父亲是个医生。我对医学很着迷。My fath
29、er is a doctor and I _ medicaine.答案：am fascinated by12keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意(教材P41)归纳拓展keep的常见短语keep back 阻止；隐瞒；抑制keep away (from) 避开，远离keep . in mind 记住keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系keep off 不接近；远离keep on doing sth. 继续做某事keep up 继续，使维持较高水平keep up with 跟上；与保持联系 Keep_your_eyes_open_for a boy
30、 in a red cap and sweater.你要留心注意一个戴红帽子，穿红运动衫的小男孩。She shook her head and started to walk on. He kept_up_with her.她摇了摇头开始往前走。他跟了上去。The local police had warned visitors to keep_off the beach at night.当地警方告诫游客不要在夜间去海滩。If you dont keep_away_from the dog, you may be bitten.如果你不避开那只狗，你可能会被咬伤。单句语法填空When sho
31、pping, keep your eyes _ for those energysaving machines.She was unable to keep _ her tears, and wept freely.We must keep in _ that we are not children any more, and we should be independent. 答案：openbackmind学习效果 随堂演练.单词拼写1(2019全国卷)A row of reflective boards on a _ (附近的) mountainside were put to use.
32、答案：nearby2The _ (王国) is divided into four parts.答案：kingdom3China is a developing country that _ (属于) to the third world.答案：belongs4The students who went camping had a hard _ (军事的) life. 答案：military5The following table shows the _ (位置) and name of this file.答案：location6PortLouis is an attractive litt
33、le fishing _ (港口)答案：port7He had the good fortune to marry his daughter to the local _ (首领)答案：chief8This great _ (战役) was vividly recorded in the documentary film.答案：battle9She was the only woman in the big companys _ (法律的) department.答案：legal10_ (围绕) yourself with people who have realistic goals and
34、 want to achieve something in life.答案：Surround.单句语法填空1This fort was once the main _ (defend) of the island. 答案：defence2Gary found her reaction _ (puzzle)答案：puzzling3The team members were greeted like _ (conquer) heroes.答案：conquering4It was a remarkable _ (achieve) for such a young player.答案：achievem
35、ent5I still find this story both _ (fascinate) and unbelievable.答案：fascinating.单句写作1一条堤道将这座岛屿与大陆相连。The island is _ the mainland by a causeway. 答案：joined to2除了摆脱那个非法组织，你别无选择。You have no choice but to _ the illegal organization. 答案：break away from3这栋大楼新添了一座配楼。A new wing was _ the building.答案：added to4
36、老人同儿童一样喜欢这部电影。The old people _ the children like this film. 答案：as well as5这就是为什么我们要时刻关注新的机遇。Thats why we have to _ new opportunities. 答案：keep our eyes open for课后课时作业(一)完形填空Britain and IrelandThe British Isles is made up of two large islands：One is called Ireland and the other _1_. Britain, or Great
37、Britain, is the larger of these two islands, and it is _2_ into three parts：Scotland, Wales and England. The United Kingdom is that _3_ of the British Isles ruled over by the Queen. It is made up of Scotland, Wales and England, that is, the _4_ of Britain, and also about one sixth of Ireland, the No
38、rthern part. The _5_ of Ireland is selfgoverning. The _6_ name of the United Kingdom is _7_ “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”. _8_ is larger and richer than Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and has the largest _9_ of the United Kingdom, so people often use the _10_ “Eng
39、land” and “English” when they _11_ “Britain” and “British”. This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh a little _12_. The Scots in particular are very _13_ of their separate nationality. The Welsh too do not regard _14_ as English, and have a culture and even a _15_ of their own. Ireland became pa
40、rt of the United Kingdom in 1801, but for forty years the “Irish _16_” was the greatest headache of the United Kingdom. _17_， Ireland is divided into two: Northern Ireland still _18_ to the United Kingdom, and in 1922 the rest of Ireland _19_ to found an Irish Free State, later called Eire and now t
41、he Republic of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland does not regard itself as part of Britain, and is not now even a supporter of the Commonwealth of Nations (英联邦). Unlike the major Commonwealth countries it did not lift a finger to _20_ British in the Second World War and now wants the whole of Ireland
42、 to be a republic.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的四个组成部分英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的各自情况。1A.Wales BBritainCEngland DScotland答案：B不列颠群岛由两个大岛组成：一个叫爱尔兰岛，另一个叫不列颠岛(Britain)，且第1空下一句也是提示。故选B。2A.divided BcutCbroken Dseparated答案：A大不列颠岛被分成三个部分，divided “划分”，指把一个整体分成若干部分，其后常接介词into；be divided into “被划分成若干部分”，故选A。3A.piece BislandCcount
43、ry Dpart答案：DThe United Kingdom是大不列颠群岛上由女王所统治的那部分(part)，故选D。4A.south BnorthCpart Dwhole答案：D英国包括大不列颠岛全部(whole)和大约1/6的爱尔兰，故选D。5A.smaller BlargerCrest Disland答案：C大约1/6的爱尔兰属于英国，其余部分(rest)自治，故选C。6A.correct BtrueCfull Dcomplete答案：C英国的全称(full name)是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，故选C。7A.also BthereforeClikely Dperhaps答案：B英国包
44、括大不列颠和北爱尔兰，因此(therefore)它的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，故选B。8A.The UK BThe British islesCGreat Britain DEngland答案：D英国包括四个部分，其中英格兰(England)比其他三个部分面积大且富有，故选D。9A.colleges BofficialsCcities Dpopulation答案：D英格兰是英联邦中最大、最富有、人口(population)最多的地方，故选D。10A.words BnamesCspellings Dpronunciations答案：A因为英格兰是英联邦中最大、最富有、人口最多的地方，人们常常用词语(words)“England/English”称呼“Britain” and “British