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1、高二必修五知识点梳理Module 1 British and American English重点词汇:accent , obvious, queue, confusing, compare, variety, remark, variationsteadily, switch, satellite, structure, 重点短语1. have in common有共同点2. make a difference有影响;使不同3. get around四处走走4. compare with/to和比较5. differ from与不同6. be similar to与.不同7. have di
2、fficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难8. lead to导致9. have sth. in common(与某人)兴趣、想法相同长难句解析1. This non-stop communication,the experts think,has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.专家认为,这种不间断的交流使英美人之间的相互理解变得更容易。当不定式、动名词或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如 make,find,see,hear 等),为保持句子平衡,常用 i
3、t作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾。其结构为:主语谓语动词 it 形容词/名词/代词不定式/动名词/从句。it 后面的形容词或名词作宾补。2. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences.当著名的爱尔兰作家萧伯纳说出“英国和美国是被一种常见的语言分割开来
4、的两个国家”一番话时,很明显他考虑了两者之间的差异。that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language 是同位语从句,用来说明前面的名词 remark 的内容。语法通关一、一般现在时1表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 usually,always,sometimes,often,frequently,every day/week/year/morning.on Sunday等时间状语连用。二、现在进行时1表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。2表示说话人现在对主语的
5、行为表赞叹或厌恶等3. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(说话时动作不一定正在进行)三、现在完成时1表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用四、一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 soon,tomorrow(morning.),next week/year.,some day,from now on,the day after tomorrow,in (the) future 等表示将来的时间状语连用。Module 2 A Job W
6、orth Doing重点词汇:satisfying, stressful, volunteer, respect, direct, encounter, profound, qualified重点短语1. in particular尤其;特别2. on average平均3. come off掉离;脱离4. in theory理论上;从理论上讲5. in practice实际上6. have an effect on对产生影响7. take up从事;占据(时间、空间)8. pass by路过;经过9. take for granted认为理所当然长难句解析1. Every morning h
7、e climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand.每天早晨,他手里都拿着一个大圆板爬上弯道。此句中的with a large circular board in his hand 是with 复合结构的一种形式:with宾语介词短语,在句中作状语,表状态。除介词短语作宾补外,还可以用形容词,副词,过去分词,现在分词,动词不定式。2. He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hun
8、dred meters down the mountain.当他正开着装满香蕉的卡车要驶过一个弯道的时候,他连人带车翻到了300 多米深的山崖下。本句中的when为并列连词,表示就在那时的意思,相当于and at that time , be doing.when.的意思为“正在这时”。3. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school,most of whom were from Germany.他们告诉我这所学校里有50名外国学生学习汉语,大多数来自德国。本句中some
9、 of which引导的是非限制性定语从句,是介词“关系代词”结构,表示“人”,关系代词用whom,表示“物”,关系代词用which。在这种情况下,不能使用人称代词。语法通关一般过去时1表示在确定的过去时间内发生的动作或状态。2表示过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作3描述几个相继发生的过去动作4有时动词的一般过去时形式上为过去,而实际上却指现在,即“原来想的”与现在的实际情况不相符。过去进行时1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。2表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。3表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的4表示礼貌,并不表示过去的时间,而表达现在的客气或礼貌。三、过去完成时1表示在过去某一具体时间或动作
10、之前已经完成的动作,常用 by,before 等介词短语或状语从句表示。2表示过去某一时间以前的经历,常与 for,since 引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema重点词汇:Biography, fantasy, account, companion, lie, panic, curious, tie, frightterrified, adventure, thriller, horror重点短语1. have no connection与.无关2. run away逃跑3. ahead of在.前面;提
11、前4. pour down倾盆而下5. to ones surprise使某人惊奇的是6. be curious about对感到好奇7. have enough of听够、看够、吃够、受够8. die of fright惊吓而死9. run into偶然遇到10. in a panic惊恐的长难句解析1. But I persuaded him to help me,and we found the mens boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.但我还是说服他帮我,我们发现那两人的船就紧贴在汽艇的另一边。本句中的tied to the o
12、ther side of the steamboat为过去分词短语作宾语补足语,和宾语the mens boat之间存在逻辑动宾关系。动词不定式、v.-ing形式和过去分词都可以用作宾语补足语。2. He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.他身无分文地到达新奥尔良时,却发现那里没有开往南美洲的船了。本句中的only to find that there were no boats for South Americ
13、a为动词不定式短语作结果状语。表示“意外的,意想不到的”的结果,而v.-ing作状语,表示“自然而然”的结果。不定式常用作目的状语,相当于in order to do 形式的用法。语法通关一、非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式。它们不能在句中充当谓语,可充当其他语法功能,可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用,在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语。1. 非谓语动词作主语2. 非谓语动词作表语3. 非谓语动词作宾语4. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语5. 非谓语动词作定语6. 非谓语动词作状语Module 4 Carnival 重点词汇:confusion, extend, reviv
14、e, elegant, magic, memory, pretend, wandercalendar, atmosphere, abolish重点短语1. come to an end完结2. dress up装扮;化妆3. have fun玩的愉快4. on end连续的5. date back to追溯到6. in secret秘密的7. in memory of为了纪念.8. pass on传递9. come off脱落长难句解析1. As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。句中as引导时间状语从句
15、,表示“随着”的意思,表示主句和从句的谓语动词的动作同时发生。该状语从句也可以用with time passing替换。2. .they painted their faces white,imitating their masters and making fun of them.他们把脸涂白,模仿他们的主人来取笑他们。本句中imitating their masters and making fun of them为v.ing形式做伴随状语。伴随状语的动作一般和谓语动词的动作同时发生。语法通关英语的及物动词有两种语态主动语态和被动语态。主动语态中主语是谓语动词的执行者;被动语态中主语是谓语
16、动词的承受者。被动语态由助动词be动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随主语有人称、数和时态变化。Module 5 The Great Sports Personality重点词汇:athletics, bat, track, trainer, retire, perform, brand, advantage, designergymnast重点短语1. do athletics做田径运动2. as well as(除之外)又3. make a list of列清单4. be determined to do下定决心做某事5. come onto the market(商品)上市,商品开始出售6.
17、 on the increase正在增加7. have an advantage over比有优势8. every ten seconds每十秒钟9. make money赚钱10. achieve an ambition实现志愿长难句解析1. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport,Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.但即使是他已经赢得了在自己运动项目上所能赢得的一切,李宁还是带着一种失败的感觉退了役。even tho
18、ugh/even if可以引导让步状语从句,意为“纵使;即使也”,可以放在句首,也可以放在句中或句末。引导的状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。2. But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.但就是这种失败感使他决心在他的新的生活中取得成功。本句为强调句型,是对主语this sense of failure的强调。其常见句式为:it is/was被强调部分that/who其余部分。3. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto th
19、e track during the 2008 Olympics,they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.2008年奥运会时,中国运动员将身穿李宁牌运动服步入奥运会会场。whenever用来引导让步状语从句。表示“无论何时”的意思,相当于no matter when。whenever还可以表示“的时候;每次”和“究竟何时”的意思。when用来引导时间状语从句,表示“当时候”或引导定语从句,在从句中作时间状语。而whenever“无论何时”引导的是让步状语从句。语法通关状语从句一、 时间状语从句二、条件状语从句三、让步状语从句四、地点状语从句五、原因状语从
20、句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、 方式状语从句九、比较状语从句Module 6 Animals in Danger重点词汇:endanger, reserve, habitat, extinct, struggle, protect, worth, ideal, confiscate, condition重点短语1. thanks to由于;幸亏2. according to根据3. give ones life to为献身4. on the spot在现场5. come into fashion开始流行起来6. raid on a ship突击搜查一家商7. get tough wit
21、h对采取强硬措施 8. on condition that在条件下9. be worth doing值得做某事10. in the meanwhile同时长难句解析1. Although surprised,the poachers had an advantagethere were more of them.尽管偷猎者们很吃惊,但他们占有优势他们人多。although surprised是状语从句although they were surprised的省略形式。2. International cooperation seems to be working.国际合作似乎正在进行。本句话为
22、seem跟动词不定式形式作宾语,在使用时,要注意动词不定式的时态。一般式to do (一般动作,和谓语同时发生);进行式to be doing (谓语发生时该动作正在进行);完成式to have done (发生在谓语动作之前)。3. The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy.世界自然保护基金组织认为,唯有人们学会保护自然、不浪费能源,我们的世界才会有未来。only if引导条件状语从句,表示“只有在条件之下”的意思。当该状语
23、从句位于句首时,主句使用主谓倒装句式。语法通关一、 关系代词引导的定语从句1. 只用that不用which的情况2. whose引导定语从句,可指代人也可指代物,其在定语从句中作定语。指物时,可与of which互换,指人时,可与of whom互换。3. as引导定语从句的用法二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只用which或whom,不关系代词不能省略 2. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 3. 复合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。三、关系副词引导的定语从句 1where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 2when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 3. why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。四、用关系代词还是关系副词 正确选用关系词的依据:弄清关系词在从句中充当的句子成分;辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因等;判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。