带to的不定式作宾补.doc

上传人:小** 文档编号:2772724 上传时间:2020-05-05 格式:DOC 页数:8 大小:69.05KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
带to的不定式作宾补.doc_第1页
第1页 / 共8页
带to的不定式作宾补.doc_第2页
第2页 / 共8页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述

《带to的不定式作宾补.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《带to的不定式作宾补.doc(8页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。

1、带to的不定式作宾补a可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask,tell,order,invite,beg, get,allow,wish,want,encourage,advise, warn等。例如:The teacher asked us to finish our homework老师叫我们完成家庭作业。She wanted him to sing for her friends她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。The policeman told the boys not to play in the street警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。b在动词think,believe,know,

2、find, understand,take等之后,作宾补的不定式多由“to be adj”构成。例如:They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。He believed the earth to be a globe他相信大地是个球体。c在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有:wait for,call on,depend on,care for,long for等。例如:The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again鳄鱼

3、等着猴子再下来。The chairman called on Mr Brown to speak主席请布朗先生讲话。I shouldnt care for that man to be my doctor我不要那人给我看病。不定式是非谓语动词的其中一种,原型是to do ,根据各种时态变化形式三、不定式作宾补应注意的事项 能跟不定式作宾补的动词很多,如:see, have, advise, expect, get,invite, consider, find, prefer, feel, ask, for, call on, wait for等等。大部分的动词或成语动词之后跟带to的不定式作宾

4、补,但也有一些动词之后要求跟不带to的不定式作宾补。下面谈一些要求跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词。 1.这类动词有表示视觉、听觉和感觉的动词,如,see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel等。 (1) Did you see him steal the money? (2) I havent noticed anyone go out. (3) Id like to look at (=watch) other people play basketball. (4) I often hear her sing this

5、 song. (5) She listened to someone call for help. (6) Mary felt something crawl up her neck. 2.一些表示役使意义的动词,如have, make, let等。 (1) I would have Li Ming do the work. (2) Her wonderful performance made all of us laugh. (3) Ill let someone find me a house to live in. 3.有时动词help的宾补既可以是带to的不定式亦可省略to,如, I

6、enjoy helping my mother (to) do housework. 4.上面所说的这些不带to的不定式做宾补,如改为被动语态就要用带to的不定式作主语补足语(略)。 5.一些表示心理状态语的动词,如: consider, think, believe, discover, judge, sup pose 等,其后的宾语补足语有“认为”、“判定”的意思,认为宾语是什么,有什么性质、特征或处于某种状态,这时宾补要用“to be ” 这种形式,“to be”亦可省略。如: (1) He considered him (to be) innocent. (2) We all thou

7、ght John (to be) quite a foolish man. (3) The judge judged her (to be) guilty. 6.regard, treat, recognize, look upon, think of, consider 等这些词有时跟as词组或介词词组作宾补,如: (1) All the teachers regarded this as of great importance. (2) I always look upon you as my best friend. (3) Dont take my good intentions fo

8、r evil ones. 有时有多种形式,以consider为例: I consider him to be an honest man. I consider him as an honest man. I consider him an honest man. 四、宾语补足语和先行宾语 1.在复合宾语中,如果宾语不是名词或带词,而是其它的形式,如不定式(a),-ing分词结构(b)或that分句,这时就要用先行宾语it来表示,而后将这些宾语移置宾补之后,如: (1) it代替不定式或不定式的复合结构 We think it our duty to serve people heart an

9、d soul. Do you believe it possible for us to land on the Mars one day? I dont consider it polite of you to play tricks on others. 例句附解析,讲解得已经很详细了,如还不太清楚以上句子中的宾补在哪,就追问吧。1.介词短语作地点状语WeliveinHangzhou.我们住在杭州。2.介词短语作时间状语Shegothereatfour.她在4点到这儿的。3.介词短语作方式状语Theycameherebytrain.他们乘火车来这儿。4.介词短语作原因状语Thegamewa

10、spostponedbecauseofrain.因为下雨运动会被推迟了。5.介词短语作条件状语Therewillbenolivingthingswithoutwater.没有水就没有生物。6.介词短语作目的状语Heranforshelter.他跑去避雨。7.介词短语作让步状语Theyplayfootballinspiteoftherain.他们冒雨踢足球。8.介词短语作程度状语Towhatextentwouldyoutrustthem?动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,如:to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构

11、成动词不定式短语,如:to study hard, to play table tennis。1.动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。语态式一般式 完成式 进行式完成进行式主动to build to have built to be buildingto have been building被动to be buildto have been build2.动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:(1)作主语:To helpeach other is good.动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式

12、主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:Itisgoodto helpeach other.(2)作表语:My jobis to drivethem to the power station every day.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be +动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Our planis to set upanother middle school for the peasantschildren.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动词为is,动词不定式to set up为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to

13、 set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)Weareto set upanother middle school for the peasantschildren.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。(3)作宾语:作及物动词的宾语:如:Shewishes to bea musician.;作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased,

14、determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如:Iam determined to give upsmoking.;动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Can you give us some adviceonwhatto donext?(4)作宾语补足语:Tell the children not to play on the street.如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去,如:I

15、saw a little girl run across the street.(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用it作形式宾语,而将该动词不定式后置,如:I dont think it right to do it that way.(6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best way to help him?和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:He is the man to depend on.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习惯上

16、可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.(笔者注:这里本人会把做定语和宾补搞混。有一个想法:如果不定式是出现在:“动宾宾补”结构后面的话,不定式应该是做宾补了;而如果不定式是出现在“系表宾”结构后,那不定式应该是做定语了)(7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:目的状语:Every morning he gets up very early to read English.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了),但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,

17、而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads China Daily every day in order to(so as to)improve her English.将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it.结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。too +形容词或副词+动词不定式,表示“足能”的结果,如:You are old enough to ta

18、ke care of yourself now.3.复合结构不定式:由for +名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish

19、, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day.4.疑问词+动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5.动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not +动词不定式构成,如:Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6.动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系:(

20、1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后),They often watch us play table tennis.(同时);(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:I am sorry to have kept you waiting.(3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,如:She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7.动词不定式的被动语态用法:如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如:What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet.

展开阅读全文
相关资源
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 教育专区 > 教案示例

本站为文档C TO C交易模式,本站只提供存储空间、用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。本站仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知淘文阁网,我们立即给予删除!客服QQ:136780468 微信:18945177775 电话:18904686070

工信部备案号:黑ICP备15003705号© 2020-2023 www.taowenge.com 淘文阁