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1、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这种从句叫名词性从句。（一）主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句。一. that引导的主语从句that 引导主语从句时，that不做成分，也没有意义，但不能省略。that引导的主语从句可用形式主语it代替，而把that从句置于句尾。That light travels in straight lines is known to all.众所周知，光沿直线传播。可转换为：Its known to all that light travels in straight lines.it用作形式主语，代替主语从句
2、的句型。it+be+形容词+主语从句（这类形容词有 probable ,evident ,likely, possible ,important, necessary ）It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city. （译）it+be+名词词组+主语从句 （这类名词有 a shame ,a pity, an honour 等）It is a pity that you missed the exciting football match.it+be+过去分词+主语从句（announce
3、d, believed, reported, said, expected等）It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.It +不及物动词+主语从句，这类不及物动词有（seem, happen, appear ）It seemed that he didnt tell the truth.二. whether引导的主语从句whether意为“是否”，在从句中不担当句子成分。Whether life exits on other planets is not clear.其他星球上是否存在生命不清楚。三. 连接代词引导的主语从句, 在从句中担任主语、宾语
4、，表语或定语。Which plan is better should be discussed.应该谈论哪一个计划更好Whoever comes to China is welcome. 无论谁来中国都欢迎。四. 连接副词引导的主语从句, 在从句中担任状语。When and where we will hold the meeting hasnt decided我们何时何地举行会议还没决定。 学习主语从句应注意：1. 主语从句的语序:主语从句为陈述语序，而不是疑问语序。What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the
5、violin so well。使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得这么好。2. 主语从句的主谓一致由that，where，when，why，how，whether，whenever等引导的单个名词性从句作主语时，主句的谓语通常用单数形式。That we need more books is quite obvious. 我们需要更多的书，这是很显然的但由and连接的多个从句作主语时，主句的谓语通常用复数形式。What you said and what you did were different。你言行不一。（二）宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词有：连词th
6、at，if/whether; 连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever;连接副词when, where, how, why 等。一 宾语从句的种类1. 动词的宾语从句 He doesnot know where the post office is.他不知道邮局在哪里。Make sure all the lighta are turned off before you leave.走之前务必要关灯。2. 介词的宾语从句 通常情况下介词之后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句，少数几个介词加except,but,beside,
7、in 等后可接that引导的宾语从句。Did she say anything about how we should do the work?关于这工作我们该怎么做她说什么没有？3. 形容词的宾语从句 在sure,certain, afraid, glad, happy, surprised, pleased, confident表示情感的形容词后可接宾语从句。 I am afraid that I have made a mistake.恐怕我犯了一个错误。 She is very glad that she has passed the exam. 她很高兴她考试及格了。二 学习宾语从句
8、应注意1. it 做形式宾语 在动词(短语) enjoy, love, hate, appreciate, see to, insist on, depend on , rely on 等带宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。 I will apprciate it if you can give me a hand. 如果你能帮我一把，我会很感激。2. 宾语从句的语序：宾语从句不论有连接代词还是连接副词引导，都要用陈述句语序。Can you tell me who he is ? 你能告诉我他是谁吗？3. 宾语从句的时态 若主句是现在时，则宾语从句时态不限，可视情形使用所需要的时态。若
9、主句是过去时，则宾语从句应与主句时态保持一致，即用过去时态的适当形式。I hear that Wen Bo will go to American next year.我听说文博明年要去美国。Mike told me that he had had lunch/ he was having lunch/ he was going to have lunch.迈克告诉我他吃过午饭了/他在吃午饭/他打算吃午饭。（三）表语从句表语从句放在系动词的后面 ，在复合句中做句子的表语。引导表语从句的词有：连词that, whether, as if;连接代词who(whom), what, which, w
10、hose, whoever(whomever), whatever, whichever; 连接副词 when, where, why ; as, because也可引导表语从句注意：在表语从句，表示“是否”，用whether, 不能用if。The problem is whether it is true.问题是它是否是真的。that 在表语从句中不做成分，不可省。Our plan is that well go there once a week.我们的计划是我们一周去哪里一次。thats why引导表语从句：“那就是的原因”（跟结果）That was why I came late.th
11、ats because引导表语从句：“那是因为”（跟原因）That was because I got up late.the reason why引导定语从句：“的原因是”The reason why I came late was that I got up late.（四）同位语从句一 定义在复合句中，跟在一个名词后，对其进一步解释说明的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以解释说明前面名词的内容。后面常跟同位语从句的名词有：advice，proposal，suggestion（建议），belief（信仰），chance（机会），decision（决定），fact（事实
12、），idea ，opinion（观点），message（信息），news，word（消息），plan（计划），possibility（可能性），thought（想法），wish（祝愿），promise（承诺），order（命令），theory（理论），doubt（怀疑）等。There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up。毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会上涨。三 同位语从句和定语从句的区别The news that China won the game made me excited。中国赢得比赛的消息让我很是激动（同位语从句）The news
13、that you heard is not true。你所听到的消息不真实。（定语从句）四 学习同位语从句应注意在有些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用（should）+动词原形的虚拟语气，这些词有：建议（suggestion；advice；proposal），要求（demand；requirement；request），决定（decision），命令（order），劝告（recommendation）等The suggestion that a new bridge （should） be built was accepted.修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了名词doubt后面的同位语从句，肯定
14、时用whether，否定时用that引导。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们能否按时完成任务。There is no doubt that he will keep his promise.他将遵守诺言，这是毫无疑问的。 (五). 名词性从句引导词that 与 what 的区别：引导词句法功能省略情况that不作任何句子成分引导宾语从句可以省略(从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省)what主语、宾语、表语、定语不能省略名词性从句专项训练1The limits of a persons
15、 intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why （2012 安徽）2 .Evidence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. A. why B. how
16、 C. whether D. that （2012 重庆）3. It is by no means clear_ the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what（2012 全国）4.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether (2012 北京)5. We promise _ attends the
17、party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever(2012 福建) 6.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best. (2012 陕西) A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever7. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card
18、 in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. why (2012 山东)8.Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. why B. how C. whether D. when (2012 湖南)9.It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.
19、A. whether B. how C. if D. when (2012 天津)10It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that (2012 江西)11The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichev
20、er(2012 辽宁)12 Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers. A. when B. how C. that D. whether (2012 四川)13 made a promise to myself _ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. (2012 浙江) A. whether B. what C. that D. how14The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the m
21、eeting would be postponed. (2012 江苏)A. when B. that C. whether D. how15. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where（10全国）16. The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. （2011北京卷）A. whatB. howC. thatD. why17. There is c
22、lear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. (2011上海卷)A. whatB. ifC. howD. that18. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand. A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what (2011上海卷)19. I am afraid hes more of a talker th
23、an a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. that B. when C. where D. why（2011山东卷）20. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it. （2011山东卷）A. where B. what C. whether D. which21. The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. （2011江西卷）A. thisB. thatC. wha
24、tD. which22. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. （2011江苏卷）A. that B. how C. when D. why23. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what （2011安徽卷）24. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we
25、 do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which（2011四川卷）25. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read first.A. what B. who C. how D. why（2011辽宁卷）26. When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army. （2011辽宁卷）A. since B. whi
26、ch C. that D. because27. Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where（2011天津卷）28. Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what（2011陕西卷）29. It is still under discussion _the old bus s
27、tation should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whether B. when C. which D. where（2011重庆卷）30. It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whose B. what C. which D. that（2011重庆卷）31. Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the proble
28、m itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why (2011湖南卷)32. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have_we have here and treat food nicely.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether（10福建）33 Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew_she was so angry.A. where
29、B. whether C. that D. why （10湖南）34As a new graduate, he doesnt know_ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. When D. which（10天津）35 _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How (2010北京)36How about camping this weekend, just for a ch
30、ange?OK, _you want. Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever（10浙江）37 It is uncertain _side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat BwhatChow Dwhether（10浙江）38. One reason for her preference for city life is _she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why（10上海）39. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which（10山东）40. I want to be liked and loved for_I am inside. （10湖北）A. who B. where C. what D. how