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1、【导读】雾都孤儿是英国著名作家狄更斯的第一部社会批判写实小说。该作品以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇。阅读下面有关奥利弗童年生活的节选，对比自己的童年生活与奥利弗的童年生活的异同。Olivers early lifeOliver Twist was born in a workhouse，and when he arrived in this hard world，it was very doubtful whether he would live beyond the first three minutes.He lay on a hard little bed and st
2、ruggled to start breathing.Oliver fought his first battle without much assistance from the two people present at his birth.One was an old woman，who was nearly always drunk，and the other was a busy local doctor，who was not paid enough to be very interested in Olivers survival.After all，death was a co
3、mmon event in the workhouse，where only the poor and homeless lived.However，Oliver managed to draw his first breath，and then announced his arrival to the rest of the workhouse by crying loudly.His mother raised her pale young face from the pillow and whispered，“Let me see the child，and die.”The docto
4、r turned away from the fire，where he had been warming his hands.“You must not talk about dying yet，” he said to her kindly.He gave her the child to hold.Lovingly，she kissed the baby on its forehead with her cold white lips，then stared wildly around the room，fell backand died.“Poor dear！” said the nu
5、rse，hurriedly putting a green glass bottle back in the pocket of her long skirt.The doctor began to put on his coat.“The baby is weak and will probably have difficulties，” he said.“If so，give it a little milk to keep it quiet.” Then he looked at the dead woman.“The mother was a goodlooking girl.Wher
6、e did she come from？”“She was brought here last night，” replied the old woman.“She was found lying in the street.Shed walked some distance，judging by her shoes，which were worn to pieces.Where she came from，where she was going to，or what her name was，nobody knows.”The doctor lifted the girls left han
7、d.“The old story，” he said sadly，shaking his head.“No wedding ring，I see.Ah! Good night.”And so Oliver was left with only the drunken nurse.Without clothes，under his first blanket，he could have been the child of a king or a beggar.But when the woman dressed him later in rough cotton clothes，yellow w
8、ith age，he looked exactly what he wasan orphan in a workhouse，ready for a life of misery，hunger，and neglect.Oliver cried loudly.If he could have known that he was a workhouse orphan，perhaps he would have cried even more loudly.There was no one to look after the baby in the workhouse，so Oliver was se
9、nt to a special “baby farm” nearby.There，he and thirty other children rolled around the floor all day，without the inconvenience of too much food or too much clothing.Mrs Mann，the old woman who “looked after” them，was very experienced.She knew what was good for children，and a full stomach was very da
10、ngerous to their health.She also knew what was good for herself，so she kept for her own use the money that she was given for the childrens food.The board responsible for the orphans sometimes checked on the health of the children，but they always sent the beadle，a kind of local policeman，to announce
11、their visit the day before.So whenever the board arrived，of course，the children were always neat and clean.奥利弗的童年奥利弗特威斯特出生在一家济贫院里，他来到这个艰难的人世的那一刻，是否能活过三分钟都是很难说的。他躺在一张小硬板床上，挣扎着开始呼吸。他出生时在场的两个人没有给他什么帮助，这使得奥利弗要独自承担他的第一场战斗。其中一个是位老妇人，她几乎总是喝得醉醺醺的；另一个则是当地一位忙碌的医生，这位医生没有得到足够的报酬，所以对奥利弗能否活下来并不很在意。在济贫院这个只有穷人和无家可归
12、的人待的地方，死亡是一件非常平常的事。不管怎样，奥利弗总算尽力吸进了第一口气，然后，他以响亮的哭声向济贫院里其他的人宣告自己的到来。他的母亲从枕头上抬起了年轻而苍白的脸，用微弱的声音说：“让我看一眼孩子，我就可以死了。”正在火炉上烤手取暖的医生转过身来，好心地对她说：“别说什么死不死的了。”他把孩子递过去让她抱在怀里。她用冰冷而毫无血色的嘴唇怜爱地在孩子的额头上亲了一下，然后急切地在屋里四处环顾一圈，便向后倒去，咽了气。“可怜的东西！”老看护说着，急忙将一个绿色的小玻璃瓶揣回长裙子的兜里。这时医生开始穿外衣。“这孩子太弱，恐怕会有麻烦，”他说，“如果真是这样，给他喂点牛奶，好让他别哭。”然后，
13、他又转过脸看了一眼死去的女人，说：“这母亲长得还挺漂亮。她是从哪儿来的？”“她是昨天夜里被送到这儿来的，”老妇人回答道。“她倒在马路上，被人发现了。她脚上那双鞋子已经磨得破破烂烂的了，由此可以看出她是从很远的地方来的。她从哪儿来，要到哪儿去，叫什么名字，没人知道。”医生拉起那年轻女人的左手，摇摇头，伤心地说：“又是老一套。没有结婚戒指，果然如此。唉！晚安。”奥利弗就这样被留下了，由那位醉醺醺的看护一个人看着。他光着身子，裹在毕生第一块毯子里，既可以是国王的儿子，也可以是乞丐的儿子。可后来老妇人给他穿上了由于年头太久而发了黄的粗棉布衣服，这时，他看上去和他的身份完全一致了一个济贫院的孤儿，准备好
14、了去过一种充满苦难、饥饿和被忽视的生活。奥利弗大声哭着。假如他已经知道自己是一个济贫院的孤儿，他可能会哭得更大声些。在济贫院里没有专人照顾婴儿，所以奥利弗被送进了附近一家专门的“育婴堂”。在这里，奥利弗与其他三十多个孩子每天在地上滚爬着，没有过多的衣物和食物来麻烦他们。曼太太“照顾”着这些孩子，这老女人非常有经验。她知道什么对孩子们有好处，知道吃饱肚子对孩子们的身体是非常有害的。同时她也知道什么对她自己有好处，于是她把人家给孩子们的伙食费都留给自己。负责孤儿事务的地方董事会有时会来检查孩子们的健康状况，可他们往往在前一天派执事去通告他们要来访问，执事是一种地方警察。所以，无论他们什么时候来，孩子们准是个个头净脚净的。知识积累1struggle vi.奋斗；争取2whisper v. 私语；低声说3misery n. 痛苦；苦难4inconvenience n.不方便5beadle n. 执事文化链接奥利弗作为雾都孤儿的主人公，出生于苦难家庭，在黑暗和充满罪恶的世界中成长，但他始终保持着一颗善良的心。种种磨难并不能使他堕落，反而更显示出他出淤泥而不染的光彩夺目的晶莹品质。