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1、Section Grammar限制性定语从句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.2.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.3.Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.4.Mencius believed that the reason why man is di
2、fferent from animals is that man is good.5.Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.6.As a result，he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.1.3、5句中黑体部分的引导词是关系代词，分别在定语从句中充当定语、主语。2.1、2、4、6句中黑体部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当地点、时间、原因、地点状语。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
3、被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引出。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。一、关系代词的用法关系代词指代在从句中充当的成分人物句子主语宾语表语定语状语whowhomthatwhichwhoseas1.that和which的用法which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主
4、语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。This is the house (which/that) we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。The man (that) we have just seen is a famous writer.我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to
5、 be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。I hate the way (that) she always criticizes me.我讨厌她一贯批评我的方式。名师点津只能用that而不用which的情况先行词是all，little，few，none，anything，something，everything，nothing等词时当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the right等修饰时当先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用thatHe is the very
6、 person that they are looking for.他正是他们在找的人。They talked about the things and persons that they could remember in the school.他们谈论着他们能记起的学校的那些事和人。Some experts think reading is the fundamental skills upon which school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。2who和whom的用法who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句
7、中作宾语。He is the man (who/whom) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见到的那个人。Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。3whose的用法whose 既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose名词”可以转化为“the名词of which/whom” 和“of which/whomthe名词”的形式。I live next door to a couple who
8、se children(the children of whom) often make a lot of noise.我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。Please pass me the book whose cover(the cover of which)is green.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。4as的用法as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such，the same等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。She is such a
9、nice girl that we all like her.她是一个如此好的女孩以至于我们都很喜欢她。I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed.我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典)I met the same person that I saw yesterday.我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人)即时演练1单句语法填空Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.The professor who
10、/that/whom you wish to see has gone abroad.This is the woman scientist whose research is known around the world.二、关系副词的用法关系副词指代先行词在从句中充当的成分when(介词which)时间时间名词时间状语where(介词which)地点地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等)地点状语why(forwhich)原因reason原因状语As the smallest child of his family，Alex is al
11、ways longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他能独立的时候。The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松氛围。This is the house where they lived a week ago.这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。名师点津当先行词是时间名词、地点
12、名词或the reason时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应用which或that，缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。I still remember the day (which/that) we spent together in the city.我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。即时演练2单句语法填空She remembers the days when she was a girl.There are several reasons why we cant do that.Many countries are now setting
13、 up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只用whom(指人)或which(指物)，不可用that。Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。Th
14、is is the worker with whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位工人。名师点津在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，确定介词的原则是：一先、二动、三意义。一先，即根据先行词确定介词；二动，即根据从句谓语动词来确定介词；三意义，即根据从句的意义来确定介词。即时演练3单句语法填空He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.The newlybuilt caf
15、e，the walls of which are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，specially after hard work.This is the teacher from whom Ive learnt a lot.单句语法填空1He is the man who/that lives next door.2The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog that were just passing by.3This is the hotel where they a
16、re staying during the summer vacation.4Plato was one of the Greek Philosophers whose ideas have influenced Western society.5I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.6The man with whom my father is shaking hands is a policeman.7By 16：30，which was almost the closing time，nearly all the painti
17、ngs had been sold.8A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everywhere.9We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.10Finally he reached a lonely island which/that was completely cut off from the outside world.单句改错1She spent the whole evening talkin
18、g about the things and persons which none of us has ever heard of.whichthat2Tibet is such place that all the people all over the world are dreaming of visiting.thatas3The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written.去掉it4The student in that all of the teachers took great pride was admitt
19、ed into Beijing University last year.thatwhom5We will all remember the day when we spent together.whenthat6They rushed over to help the man who car had broken down.whowhose7Guilin is the most beautiful city which I have ever visited.whichthat8The reason which I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.whichwhy9There were many students took part in the English competition.students后加who10Houses where overlook the lake cost more.wherethat/which