资源描述
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反意疑问句：
由两部分构成，前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句)，后一部分是简短的提问(即省略的一般疑问句)。1. 前部分肯定，后部分否定。 2. 前部分否定，后部分肯定。
陈述句
疑问句尾
is /was
are/were
isnt/ wasnt
arent /werent
He is/ was a student, isnt /wasnt he?
They are/ were here, arent /werent they?
There be
be there
There is a book on the desk, isnt there?
can
cant
He can speak English, cant he?
will
wont
They will wait for you, wont they?
have
has
had
表示“有”或在完成时中当助动词
havent
hasnt
hadnt
They have a room, havent they?
He hasnt cleaned his room, hasnt he?
You had a dog last year, hadnt you?
have
has
had
表示“有 ”或当实义动词
dont
doesnt
didnt
They have a class meeting , dont they?
He has breakfast at home, doesnt he?
The girl had a good time, didnt she?
have /has /had to
dont/doesnt/didnt
You have to stay at home, dont you?
had better
hadnt/shouldnt
Wed better go now, hadnt/shouldnt we?
行为动词的
一般现在时
一般过去时
dont
doesnt
didnt
They like playing football, dont they?
He likes music, doesnt he?
The woman bought a book, didnt she?
No,not,nothing,never,
hardly,few,little,seldom
用肯定形式
He has hardly done his homework, has he?
祈使句
will/wont/would you
Please turn it on, will/wont/would you?
let us
will/wont you
Let us help him, will/wont you
lets
shall we
Lets have a rest, shall we?
含有un-,in,im,il,ir,dis否定前缀或否定后缀less构成的派生词
用否定形式
She dislikes it, doesnt she?
You are unhappy, arent you?
You are hopeless, arent you?
must be表推测
must表必须
mustnt表禁止
arent/isnt+主语
neednt
must
He must be happy, isnt he ?
You must do it today, neednt you?
You mustnt talk like that, must you?
cant 表推测
跟cant后的动词一致
He cant be a doctor, is he?
I am
arent /aint I; am I not
I am your friend, arent I
主从复合句
一般跟主句一致
He said she had been there, didnt he?
I think/believe/guess/
suppose+宾语从句
动词和主语跟从句一致，用肯定还是否定根据主句来确定
I think hell come to help us, wont he?
I dont think he is clever, is he?
并列句
与邻近的分句一致 Mary is here, but she was here just now, wasnt she?
used to
usednt/didnt
He used to be a teacher, usednt/didnt he?
陈述句主语
疑问句尾主语
例句
this, that
it
This is your brother, isnt it?
These, those
they
These are not books, are they?
one
one, he
One cant be always young, can one/he?
something, anything everything, nothing
it
Nothing is serious, is it?
Everything seems all right, doesnt it?
everybody, everyone
somebody, someone
anybody, anyone nobody, no one,none
either, neither
they ,he
Everyone knows this, dont they/doesnt he?
Nobody likes to lose money, does he?
No one came , did they?
each of
they ,he
Each of the boys had an apple, didnt he /they?
some(none) of
It或 they ,you
None of the food was delicious, was it?
Some of the men have come back, havent they?
or, and , neither…nor,
either…or, both…and
not only… but also
not...but等连接的并列主语
复数代词
Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?
Both Tom and Jack came, didnt they?
不定式，动名词，从句或词组
it
To learn English well isnt easy, is it?
Swimming is great fun, isnt it?
the+ 形容词表示一类人
复数代词
The poor had no right to speak at that time, did they?
there引起的句子
there
There stands a house and a lot of trees, doesnt they?
一、 选择填空
1.Jim is a driver,_____?
A. does he B. doesnt he
C. is he D. isnt he
2.You have a sports meeting every year,___?
A. have you B. do you
C. havent you D. dont you
3. He has never watched such an important match , _____ he?
A. hasnt B. has C. is D. isnt
4.They have to work at once,______ they?
A. have B. havent C. do D. dont
5. She often feels tired,______ she?
A. doesnt B. does C. is D. isnt
6.--Thats wrong, isnt it? -- ______
A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, it isnt.
C. No, it is. D. Yes, it was.
7. Lets take a short rest, ______?
A. do we B. arent we
C. will you D. shall we
8. Five-year-old children are too young to go to school, ________ they?
A. are B. arent C. were D. have
9. Hundreds of people lost their lives in the accident,_______ they?
A. dont B. didnt C. do D. did
10.There isnt any bread on the table, ______?
A. isnt there B. is there
C. has there D. is it
11. Mr King can not speak Chinese,____ he?
A.doesnt B. does C. cant D. can
12. Lily didnt come to school, did she?
____. She was ill in bed.
A.No ,she did B. Yes , she did.
C. No ,she didnt. D. Yes ,she didnt
13.--She isnt a teacher, is she?
--_____. She works in a hospital.
A.No ,she is B. Yes , she is.
C. No ,she isnt. D. Yes ,she isnt
14.Lily looks like Lucy,_______?
A. is Lily B. isnt she
C. does Lilly D. doesnt she
15.Tom often has lunch at school,_____?
A. doesnt Tom B. doesnt he
C. does Tom D. doesnt he
16. Your family has no colour TV___it?
A. hasnt B. doesnt C.is D. has
17.You could hardly believe what he had
said, _____ you?
A. could B. couldnt C. can D. were
18. --You dont smoke, do you?
--______.
A. Yes, I dont B. No, I do
C. No, I dont D. Yes, I am.
二、完成下列反意疑问句.
1.You are late, ________ __________?
2.He is on time,_________ _________?
3.They were in the classroom just now，________ _________?
4.She was ten years old last year________ _________?
5. They are going hiking next Sunday，________ _________?
6.That cat is running up the tree.
7.Ann is going to help me with my English
8 There is some water in the bottle,_________ __________?
9.There are many soldiers over there, _______ __________?
10.He can skate, __________ ___________?
11.My parents can play chess,_____ ______?
12. They will work on the farm，________ _________?
13. My parents will visit my grandparents next Monday，________ _________?
14. They have written nine books since 1995，________ _________?
15, The woman has already found her son. ，________ _________?
16. They have three balls,_______ ______?
17. Jack has two sister,________ _______?
18.They have six classes every day，________ _________?
19.Tom has lunch at home,_____ _________?
20.The students had a good time last Sunday,___________ ____________?
21. We have to finish it,______ ________?
22. The workers had to take the first bus, ________ _________?
23. You had better stay at home today, _________ __________?
24.We clean our classroom every day，________ _________?
25. He watches TV on Saturday evening，________ _________?
26. The boys often play football on the playground，________ _________?
27.The singers went to H.K yesterday，________ _________?
28.They studied hard last year,________ _________?
29.They planted many trees last month，________ _________?
30.This pen is yours,_________ __________?
31.That was a wonderful film,______ _____?
32.Everything is ready, ________ ________?
33.There is nothing wrong with the radio,___
34.He did little homework yesterday, _______ __________?
35.Youd like some coffee,______ ______?
36.Lets have a rest, _______ ____________?
37.Let us read the text, ________ ________?
38.Dont read in bed, _________ _________?
39. Stop laughing,_______ __________?
40. He has to go there at eight,______ _____?
41.He has never been to Beijing, _____ ____?
42.She can hardly speak,_______ ________?
43.Few people know her here______ _____?
44.His mother was unhappy when she heard the news, _____ _______?
45.She dislikes watching football match____ ______?
46.He used to swim in the river,____ _____?
47.I think your brother is right, ____ ______?
48. I dont think he will go there,____ _____?
选择疑问句
选择疑问句说话人对问题提出两个或两个以上的选项，让对方选择回答。其结构是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句+ or+选择部分，朗读时，前面用升调，最后一个选项用降调。回答时须选择回答，不能用yes或no回答。例如：
1. --Would you like some coffee or tea?
--I would like some coffee.
2.-- Is she going to stay in Beijing or in Guangzhou?
--She is going to stay in Beijing.
3.--Which is heavier, a horse or a dog?
-- A horse is .
一、把下列句子改为选择疑问句。
1. He is a student. .( a teacher)
____ he a student ____ a teacher?
2. He likes apples. (pears)
3. They go to school by bike. (by bus)
4.The boys went fishing yesterday. (went swimming)
5. He is writing. (reading)
感叹句
感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等强烈的感情的句子。
感叹句的构成：
1. How +形容词或副词+ 主语+ 谓语！
How beautiful it is !
形容词 主语 谓语
How fast he runs!
副词 主语 谓语
2．What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+ 谓语！
What a beautiful flower it is!
形容词 单数可数名词 主语 谓语
What a good girl she is!
What an interesting book it is.
3.What +形容词+复数名词或不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语！
What clever students they are!
形容词 复数名词 主语 谓语！
What fine weather it is!
形容词 不可数名词 主语 谓语
一、把下列句子改为感叹句。
1．The present is very nice.
2. Its a very nice presents
3. We have fine weather today.
4. The girl is working hard.
5. Tom did very well.
6. He does his homework very carefully.
7. The weather in Hainan is warm in winter.
8. The bag is very heavy.
9.She has very long legs.
二、 选择填空。
1._____wonderful world it is! I hope I can live longer.
A. What a B. How a C. What D. How
2.____ weather it is !
A. What a fine B. How fine
C. What fine D. How fine the
3. ____ exciting TV play it is !
A. What a B. What an
C. How a D. How
4. _____useful work they have done!
A. What a B. What C. What an D. How
5. _____ nice shoes she is wearing!
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
6._____ beautiful garden it is !
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
7._____ nice picture you gave me!
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
8._____ fun we had that day.
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
9._____ delicious food !
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
10._____ good a student she is !
A. What a B. What C. How a D. How
(特殊句式：How+形容词+a/an +单数可数名词+主语+ 谓语!)
形容词：
一、形容词在句子中的作用及位置：
1. 作定语。
a. 形容词作定语时一般放在它所修饰的词的前面;
I have a good book.
He is a strange man.
b. 形容词修饰不定代词(由some, any, every, no+ thing, one, body构成)时要放在不定代词之后;
He has something important to tell you.
There is nothing interesting in the book.
c. enough修饰名词时可放在名词之前或之后; 修饰形容词、副词和动词时一定要放在这些词之后.
They have enough money to buy the car.
They have money enough to buy the car.
The hole is large enough.
d. else只作后置定语,修饰疑问代词what, who, whom, whose和不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody nobody等;( else作副词时, 修饰疑问副词when, where等放在其后)
What else can you do?
Is there anyone else?
e. 形容词短语作定语时必须放在它所修饰的词的后面。
All countries, big and small, should be equal. 任何国家,无论大小,一律平等.
f. 表示计量（长、宽、高、深）及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。
2. 作表语。
在系动词和半系动词feel（感到），look（看起来），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），become（变成）get（变成），turn（变成），fall（变成）, seem(似乎，好象）后，用形容词作表语。
He is young.
I feel very tired.
That sounds interesting.
He falls ill.
3. 作宾语补足语。
You should keep your room every day.
二、部分形容词只作定语或只作表语。
（英语中大部分形容词既可作定语也可作表语，但部分形容词只作定语或只作表语。1. 只能作表语的形容词
alone独自的, afraid害怕的, asleep睡着的, awake醒着的, alive活者的, ill生病的, well健康的，glad高兴的，unable不能的、不会的,frightened害怕；
2. 只能作定语的形容词
little小的,only唯一的,wooden木质的, woolen羊毛质的,elder年长的和复合形容词English-speaking说英语的,kind-hearted善良的, man-made人造的, take-away可以带走的。
三、 貌似副词的形容词
下列单词词尾有ly, 但它们是形容词不是副词: lonely, friendly, lively, lovely
四、有些动词的过去分词能当形容词使用，如：worried, surprised, excited, interested, broken, lost.
五、一些常用形容词的辨析。
alone独自的,指形体上孤单一人。
孤独的，指精神上感到寂寞。
ill 生病的, glad高兴的,只能作表语，
sick生病的, happy高兴的,既可作表语，也可作定语；
well ①（形容词）健康的，只能作表语；
②（副词）好(地），作状语
good好（的）（形容词），作表语和定语。
六、形容词的比较等级
（一）比较等级的构成
1．单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾+构成比较级，+ 构成最高级
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般在词尾+er, est
tall
short
taller
shorter
tallest
shortest
以不发音的e结尾的+r, st
nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
重读闭音节、词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再+er, est
big fat
thin
hot
wet
bigger
fatter
thinner
hotter
wetter
biggest
fattest
thinnest
hottest
wettest
以辅音字母+y结尾的，先把y改为i，再+er, est
busy
happy
dirty
heavy
busier
happier
dirtier
heavier
busiest
happiest
dirtiest
heaviest
2．部分双音节词和多音节词，在其前面+more构成比较级，+ most构成最高级
原级
比较级
最高级
useful
careful
important
interesting
difficult
different
dangerous
more useful
more careful
more important
more interesting
more difficult
more different
more dangerous
most useful
most careful
most important
most interesting
most difficult
most different
most dangerous
3.有些词尾以er, re, ow , le结尾的少数双音节词+er, est
原级
比较级
最高级
clever
narrow
simple
quiet
polite
common
cleverer
narrower
simpler
quieter
politer
commoner
cleverest
narrowest
simplest
quietest
politest
common
4.某些单音节词在其前面+more构成比较级，+ most构成最高级，如：
原级
比较级
最高级
tired
pleased
right
real
glad
more tired
more pleased
more right
more real
more glad
most tired
most pleased
more right
more real
most glad
不规则变化的比较级，最高级
原级
比较级
最高级
good
well
bad
badly
ill
many
much
little
far
better
worse
more
less
farther
best
worst
most
least
farthest
（二）比较等级的用法
1．原级的常用句形结构
1）。甲 + be +as +原级+as +乙
表示甲乙两者程度相同：I am as old as he
2）。甲 + be +not+as/so +原级+as +乙
表示甲不如乙 ：I am not as/so strong as he
2. 比较级的常用句形结构(两者比较用比较级
1）.甲 + be +比较级+ than +乙
表示甲比乙…… I am older than he.
2）甲 + be +数词+名词+比较级+ than +乙 表示甲比乙…. I am two years older than he.
3）。甲+ be + 比较级 + than + any (other)+单数名词(+介词短语) 表示甲比任何一个人或物都……, 如果甲在比较范围之内，则用 “other”，否则，不用“other”。
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Australia.（上海不在澳大利亚）
4).甲+ be + the + 比较级+of the two +… 表示“甲是两者中较……的”
Tom is the taller of the two boys.
5).比较级+ and + 比较级表示越来越……
The weather is getting colder and colder.
6).the+比较级, the +比较级表示越…越…
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you take.
7). 特殊疑问词+be+比较级+甲 or乙?
Which is heaviest, the horse or the sheep ?
(比较级前可用much, a little, a lot, far, even, any, still, no, a great deal修饰.)
3.最高级的常用句形结构
1)主语+be+the+最高级+单数名词+of (群体)／in (范围) 短语
表示＂……是…… 中最……的＂
Li Lie is the best student of all
Li Lie is the best student in his class
2) 主语+be+one of the+最高级+ 复数名词+of (群体)／in (范围) 短语
表示＂……是…… 中最……之一＂
Li Lie is one of the best students of all .
China is one of the oldest countries in the world.
3)特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲,乙or丙
Which is the heaviest, the horse, the sheep or the elephant?
(最高级前可有序数词修饰:
Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.
second(第二)不是two(两个), 不要误用比较级)
4.表示倍数的句形
1) 甲 + be +倍数+as +原级+as +乙
The tree is twice as tall as that one.
这棵树比那棵树高一倍或这棵树的高是那棵树的两倍
2) 甲 + be +倍数+比较级+ than +乙
The tree is twice taller than that one.
这棵树比那棵树高两倍
七、形容词的排列顺序：
当名词由两个以上的形容词修饰时，这些形容词的排列通常遵循以下规则：
1）限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。
2）表示观点的描绘性形容词，eg. fine , beautiful, interesting
3）表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词，eg. tall, high, round
4）表示年龄、新、旧的形容词，eg. young, old, new
5)表示颜色的形容词, red, black,
6）表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词（名词）Japanese, American
7）表示材料的形容词，如stone, silk等
为了记忆此规则，特编一句话：
限观形龄色国材。（县官行令谢国才）
This town has a fine old stone bridge.
这座城镇有一座很不错的古老的石桥。
副词
一、副词的定义：
表示行为特征或性状特征的词叫副词。副词用于修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、或方式等概念。
二、副词的构成
（一）一些副词本身就是副词；now, here
（二）一些副词由形容词词尾+ly构成。
careful-- carefully; lucky--luckily
ter
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