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1、*目录Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life 1Unit1 Text B American Family Life: The Changing Picture4Unit2 Text A The Freedom Givers10Unit3 Text A The Land of the Lock14Unit3 Text B Why I Bought A Gun16Unit4 Text A Was Einstein a Space Alien? 21Unit5 Text A Writing Three Thank-You Letters 25Un
2、it6 Text A The Last Leaf28Unit7 Text A Life of a Salesman33Unit7 Text B Bricklayers Boy 41Unit8 Text A Human Cloning: A Scientists Story47Unit8 Text B Second Thoughts on Cloning50Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活 吉姆多尔蒂Jim Doherty 1 There are two things I have always wanted
3、 to do - write and live on a farm. Today Im doing both. I am not in E. B. Whites class as a writer or in my neighbors league as a farmer, but Im getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country. 有两件事是我一直想
4、做的写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和EB怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。2 Its a self-reliant sort of life. We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegetables. Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week. Our bees provide us with honey, and
5、 we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season. 这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。3 Its a satisfying life too. In the summer we canoe on the river, go picnicking in the woods and take long bicycle rides. In the winter we ski and
6、 skate. We get excited about sunsets. We love the smell of the earth warming and the sound of cattle lowing. We watch for hawks in the sky and deer in the cornfields. 这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。4 But the good life can get
7、pretty tough. Three months ago when it was 30 below, we spent two miserable days hauling firewood up the river on a sled. Three months from now, it will be 95 above and we will be cultivating corn, weeding strawberries and killing chickens. Recently, Sandy and I had to retile the back roof. Soon Jim
8、, 16 and Emily, 13, the youngest of our four children, will help me make some long-overdue improvements on the outdoor toilet that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside. Later this month, well spray the orchard, paint the barn, plant the garden and clean the hen house before th
9、e new chicks arrive. 但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 5 In between such chores, I manage to spend 5
10、0 to 60 hours a week at the typewriter or doing reporting for the freelance articles I sell to magazines and newspapers. Sandy, meanwhile, pursues her own demanding schedule. Besides the usual household routine, she oversees the garden and beehives, bakes bread, cans and freezes, drives the kids to
11、their music lessons, practices with them, takes organ lessons on her own, does research and typing for me, writes an article herself now and then, tends the flower beds, stacks a little wood and delivers the eggs. There is, as the old saying goes, no rest for the wicked on a place like this - and no
12、t much for the virtuous either. 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲贤德之人也歇不了。 6 None of us will ever forget our first winter. We were buried under fiv
13、e feet of snow from December through March. While one storm after another blasted huge drifts up against the house and barn, we kept warm inside burning our own wood, eating our own apples and loving every minute of it. 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的
14、木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 7 When spring came, it brought two floods. First the river overflowed, covering much of our land for weeks. Then the growing season began, swamping us under wave after wave of produce. Our freezer filled up with cherries, raspberries, strawberries, asparagus, peas, beans a
15、nd corn. Then our canned-goods shelves and cupboards began to grow with preserves, tomato juice, grape juice, plums, jams and jellies. Eventually, the basement floor disappeared under piles of potatoes, squash and pumpkins, and the barn began to fill with apples and pears. It was amazing. 开春后，有过两次泛滥
16、。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆满一罐罐的腌渍食品，有番茄汁、葡萄汁、李子、果酱和果冻。最后，地窖里遍地是大堆大堆的土豆、西葫芦、南瓜，谷仓里也储满了苹果和梨。真是太美妙了。 8 The next year we grew even more food and managed to get through the winter on firewood that was mostly from our own t
17、rees and only 100 gallons of heating oil. At that point I began thinking seriously about quitting my job and starting to freelance. The timing was terrible. By then, Shawn and Amy, our oldest girls were attending expensive Ivy League schools and we had only a few thousand dollars in the bank. Yet we
18、 kept coming back to the same question: Will there ever be a better time? The answer, decidedly, was no, and so - with my employers blessings and half a years pay in accumulated benefits in my pocket - off I went. 第二年我们种了更多的作物，差不多就靠着从自家树林砍斫的木柴以及仅仅100加仑的燃油过了冬。其时，我开始认真考虑起辞了职去从事自由撰稿的事来。时机选得实在太差。当时，两个大的
19、女儿肖恩和埃米正在费用很高的常春藤学校上学，而我们只有几千美金的银行存款。但我们一再回到一个老问题上来：真的会有更好的时机吗？答案无疑是否定的。于是，带着老板的祝福，口袋里揣着作为累积津贴的半年薪水，我走了。 9 There have been a few anxious moments since then, but on balance things have gone much better than we had any right to expect. For various stories of mine, Ive crawled into black-bear dens for
20、Sports Illustrated, hitched up dogsled racing teams for Smithsonian magazine, checked out the Lake Champlain monster for Science Digest, and canoed through the Boundary Waters wilderness area of Minnesota for Destinations. 那以后有过一些焦虑的时刻，但总的来说，情况比我们料想的要好得多。为了写那些内容各不相同的文章，我为体育画报爬进过黑熊窝；为史密森期刊替参赛的一组组狗套上过
21、雪橇；为科学文摘调查过尚普兰湖水怪的真相；为终点杂志在明尼苏达划着小舟穿越美、加边界水域内的公共荒野保护区。 10 Im not making anywhere near as much money as I did when I was employed full time, but now we dont need as much either. I generate enough income to handle our $600-a-month mortgage payments plus the usual expenses for a family like ours. That
22、includes everything from music lessons and dental bills to car repairs and college costs. When it comes to insurance, we have a poor mans major-medical policy. We have to pay the first $500 of any medical fees for each member of the family. It picks up 80% of the costs beyond that. Although we are s
23、tuck with paying minor expenses, our premium is low - only $560 a year - and we are covered against catastrophe. Aside from that and the policy on our two cars at $400 a year, we have no other insurance. But we are setting aside $2,000 a year in an IRA. 我挣的钱远比不上担任全职工作时的收入，可如今我们需要的钱也没有过去多。我挣的钱足以应付每月6
24、00美金的房屋贷款按揭以及一家人的日常开销。那些开销包括了所有支出，如音乐课学费、牙医账单、汽车维修以及大学费用等等。至于保险，我们买了一份低收入者的主要医疗项目保险。我们需要为每一位家庭成员的任何一项医疗费用支付最初的500美金。医疗保险则支付超出部分的80。虽然我们仍要支付小部分医疗费用，但我们的保险费也低-每年只要560美金-而我们给自己生大病保了险。除了这一保险项目，以及两辆汽车每年400美金的保险，我们就没有其他保险了。不过我们每年留出2000美元入个人退休金账户。 11 Weve been able to make up the difference in income by cu
25、tting back without appreciably lowering our standard of living. We continue to dine out once or twice a month, but now we patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive places in the city. We still attend the opera and ballet in Milwaukee but only a few times a year. We eat less meat, drink c
26、heaper wine and see fewer movies. Extravagant Christmases are a memory, and we combine vacations with story assignments. 我们通过节约开支而又不明显降低生活水准的方式来弥补收入差额。我们每个月仍出去吃一两次饭，不过现在我们光顾的是当地餐馆，而不是城里的高级饭店。我们仍去密尔沃基听歌剧看芭蕾演出，不过一年才几次。我们肉吃得少了，酒喝得便宜了，电影看得少了。铺张的圣诞节成为一种回忆，我们把完成稿约作为度假的一部分 12 I suspect not everyone who lov
27、es the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we dont entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in sch
28、ool activities, but they too spend most of their time at home. 我想，不是所有热爱乡村的人都会乐意过我们这种生活的。这种生活需要一些特殊的素质。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我们如此忙碌，手头又紧，我们很少请客。在作物生长季节，根本就没工夫参加社交活动。吉米和埃米莉虽然参加学校的各种活动，但他俩大多数时间也呆在家里。 13 The other requirement is energy - a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to re
29、sist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw. 另一项要求是体力相当大的体力。小范围里实现自给自足的途径是抵制诱惑，不去购置拖拉机和其他昂贵的节省劳力的机械。相反，你
30、要自己动手。我们仅有的机器（不包括割草机）是一台3马力的小型旋转式耕耘机以及一架16英寸的链锯。 14 How much longer well have enough energy to stay on here is anybodys guess - perhaps for quite a while, perhaps not. When the time comes, well leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what weve been able to accomplish. We sho
31、uld make a fair profit on the sale of the place, too. Weve invested about $35,000 of our own money in it, and we could just about double that if we sold today. But this is not a good time to sell. Once economic conditions improve, however, demand for farms like ours should be strong again. 没人知道我们还能有
32、精力在这里再呆多久-也许呆很长一阵子，也许不是。到走的时候，我们会怆然离去，但也会为自己所做的一切深感自豪。我们把农场出售也会赚相当大一笔钱。我们自己在农场投入了约35，000美金的资金，要是现在售出的话价格差不多可以翻一倍。不过现在不是出售的好时机。但是一旦经济形势好转，对我们这种农场的需求又会增多。 15 We didnt move here primarily to earn money though. We came because we wanted to improve the quality of our lives. When I watch Emily collecting
33、eggs in the evening, fishing with Jim on the river or enjoying an old-fashioned picnic in the orchard with the entire family, I know weve found just what we were looking for. 但我们主要不是为了赚钱而移居至此的。我们来此居住是因为想提高生活质量。当我看着埃米莉傍晚去收鸡蛋，跟吉米一起在河上钓鱼，或和全家人一起在果园里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我们找到了自己一直在寻求的生活方式。 Unit1 Text B American F
34、amily Life: The Changing Picture Donna Barron1 Its another evening in an American household.美国家庭生活变化中的景象唐娜巴伦这是美国家庭一个寻常的傍晚。2 The door swings open at 5:30 sharp. Hi, honey! Im home! In walks dear old Dad, hungry and tired after along day at the office. He is greeted by Mom in her apron, three happy ch
35、ildren, and the aroma of a delicious potroast.门在530 准时推开。“嗨亲爱的我回来了”亲爱的老爸走了进来他在办公室上了一天的班肚子饿了人也累了。迎接他的是系着围裙的妈妈3 个快乐的孩子以及炖肉诱人的香味。3 After a leisurely meal together, Mom does the dishes. That, after all, is part of her job. The whole familythen moves to the living room. There everyone spends the evening
36、playing Scrabble or watching TV.全家人从容地吃完饭后妈妈就刷洗碗碟。反正这是她的活。接着全家人聚在起居室。一个晚上大家玩玩牌看看电视。4 Then everyone is off to bed. And the next morning Dad and the kids wake up to the sounds and smells ofMom preparing pancakes and sausages for breakfast.随后各自上床睡觉。第二天早上爸爸和孩子们在妈妈准备早餐发出的声响和薄饼、香肠散发的香味中醒来。5 (1) What? You
37、say that doesnt sound like life in your house? Well, youre not alone. In fact, youre probablyin the majority. 什么你说那听起来不像你府上的生活其实不仅仅是你一个人这么想。事实上大多数人很可能都跟你一样这么想的。6 At one time in America, the above household might have been typical. You can still visit such a home - ontelevision. Just watch reruns of
38、old situation comedies. (2) Leave it to Beaver, for example, shows Mom doinghousework in pearls and high heels. Dad keeps his suit and tie on all weekend. But the families that operate likeBeaver Cleavers are fewer and fewer. Theyre disappearing because three parts of our lives have changed: the way
39、we work, the way we eat, and the way we entertain ourselves. Becoming aware of the effects of those changesmay help us improve family life.上面描述的家庭可以说在美国曾一度相当典型。如今你仍能见到这样的家庭不过得在电视里。只要看一看那些重播的情景剧老片子。例如交给比弗吧一剧中妈妈带着珍珠项链、穿着高跟鞋做家务。爸爸整个周末都穿着西装戴着领带。但像比弗克立弗那样的家庭越来越少了。那样的家庭正在消失因为我们生活中的三个部分发生了变化我们的工作方式餐饮方式以及娱乐
40、方式。了解这些变化所带来的影响也许有助于我们改善家庭生活。7 Lets look first at the changes in the way we work. Today the words Hi, honey! Im home! might not bespoken by dear old Dad. Dear old Mom is just as likely to be saying them. A generation ago, most householdscould get along on one paycheck - Dads. Mom stayed home, at lea
41、st until the children started school. But today,over half the mothers with young children go to work. An even greater percentage of mothers of older children arein the workforce. And the number of single-parent homes has mushroomed in the last thirty years.我们先来看一下我们工作方式的变化。今天“嗨亲爱的我回家了”这句话可能不是出自亲爱的老爸
42、之口。亲爱的老妈也同样可能说这句话。在上一代大多数家庭可以靠一份工资爸爸的工资维持。妈妈呆在家里至少在孩子上学前是如此。但今天一半以上有幼儿的母亲外出工作。在职人员中有大孩子的母亲的比例更高。而单亲家庭的数量在过去30 年中急剧增长。8 These changes in work have affected children as well as parents. When only Dad went out to work, childrencame home from school to Mom. (In TV situation comedies, they came home to M
43、om and home-baked cookies)Today, well find them at an after-school program or a neighbors house. Or they may come home to no one at all.In every community, children are caring for themselves until their parents return from work. Are these childrenmissing out on an important part of childhood? Or are
44、 they developing a healthy sense of self-reliance? These arequestions that Mrs. Cleaver never had to deal with.工作方面的这些变化影响着家长以及孩子。当父亲一人外出上班时孩子们放学回家有妈妈在。在情景电视剧里他们回家有妈妈在还有家里做的饼干如今我们会在晚托班或邻居家里见到他们。要不他们就回到空无一人的家。在各社区孩子们都自己照管自己直到父母下班回家。这些孩子会不会失去童年时期本应有的一些重要的东西还是会因此培养起一种健康的自立意识这些问题是克立弗太太过去从来不用操心的。9 In add
45、ition, Dad and now Mom are often gone from home longer than ever. Not too long ago, most menworked close to home. The office or factory was just downtown. Dad often walked to work or hitched a ride witha friendly neighbor. But no more.此外爸爸如今还有妈妈在外的时间常常比以往任何时候都长。不多久前大多数男人还就近工作。办公室或者工厂就在市区。爸爸经常走着去上班或者
46、顺路搭友好邻居的车。但现在不一样了。10 Todays working men and women are commuters. They travel distances to work that would have madetheir parents gasp. Commutes of forty-five minutes or an hour are common. Workers travel on buses, subways,and crowded highways. Many leave their suburban homes at dawn and dont return
47、until dark. No running homefor lunch for todays commuter.今天的上班男女都是坐车来回的。他们上班距离之远会让他们的父母惊讶得倒抽一口凉气。45 分钟或1 小时的车程是常见的。上班族坐公共汽车、地铁或开车行驶在交通拥挤的公路上。不少人一清早就离开位于郊区的家一直要到天黑了才回来。今天的通勤族不再赶回家吃午饭。11 And speaking of lunch, theres been a second big change in American family life. If both parents are awayfrom home f
48、or long hours, whos whipping up those delicious meals in the kitchen? The answer, more and more, isnobody.说起午饭那正是美国家庭生活的第二大变化。要是父母都长时间不在家那谁在厨房里忙着准备美味的菜肴呢越来越多听到的回答是没有人做饭。12 These days, few people have time to shop for and prepare home-style meals. The Cleavers were used todinners of pot roast or chicken. Potatoes, salad, and vegetab