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1、专题强化练(四)阅读理解之词义猜测题Passage 1For the brave in the armed forces，being sent away from home for months at a time is just part of the duty.However，its never an easy one to perform especially for those with children.So when I found out I was going to be stationed in South Korea for a year，I was nervous abo
2、ut how my five children，particularly my eldest daughter Abigail，would take the news since it meant I wouldnt be home to see her graduate from high school.Incredibly，Abigail told me not to worry and even suggested we live_stream the event among family members when I leaked the news.“Weve been lucky y
3、ou havent had to be sent abroad yet.Anyway we can get connected through the Internet.See me on your phone on my spot，”Abigail said.She stepped into many of my roles when I was gone.I wanted to find a way to thank her and show her how proud I was of her.I started planning the special surprise when my
4、 request to return home a few weeks early to attend Abigails graduation ceremony was approved.When my time in South Korea finally came to an end，I flew home，rented a car，and stayed in a hotel.And on Abigails graduation day，I hid in an office behind the stage waiting until I heard my daughters name c
5、alled，I just kept thinking“Dont cry.Dont trip in your heels.Dont fall over.”At last! Abigail was up on stage.I slipped up behind her，whispered in her ear，and around she turned！“I was just thinking，like，You arent supposed to be here.What? What? How？It was the biggest shock.Im pretty sure my dad made
6、people he didnt even know cry.Emotional for everyone，”Abigail cried.You know what followed: embraces，kisses，tears，laughs，flowers，wishes.; arent they what a family have in store?1What worried the author most?AHis duty in South Korea.BHis five childrens safety.CHis eldest daughters study.DHis absence
7、from a big event.2What is the probable meaning of the underlined phrase“live stream”？APlan.BCelebrate.CPrepare. DBroadcast.3How did Abigail feel when meeting her father?AEmbarrassed. BOverjoyed.CNervous. DSatisfied.4What does the author mainly intend to express by telling the story?AA soldiers perso
8、nal sacrifice.BA fathers love for his family.CThe meaning of family bond.DThe way to plan a big surprise.【语篇解读】作者在得知要离家执勤后，因不能参加孩子的毕业典礼而心生愧疚，但是，他却得到了孩子的理解和家人的支持。最后在得到了允许后及时赶到孩子的毕业典礼，给了孩子一个惊喜。1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was nervous about how my five children，particularly my eldest daughter Abigail，would take
9、 the news since it meant I wouldnt be home to see her graduate from high school.”可知，作者紧张他的五个孩子，尤其他的大女儿如何接受这一消息，因为这意味着作者不能看着她从高中毕业。答案：D2解析：词义猜测题。根据文中第二段中的“Anyway we can get connected through the Internet.See me on your phone on my spot，”可知，无论如何，他可以通过网络观看她的毕业典礼。由此可猜测，live stream意思是“视频直播”，与broadcast意义相
10、近。答案：D3解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“What？What？How？”和“It was the biggest shock.Im pretty sure my dad made people he didnt even know cry.Emotional for everyone，”可知，女儿见到作者非常兴奋。embarrassed意为“尴尬的”，nervous意为“神经紧张的”，satisfied意为“满意的；满足的”，均不符合语境。答案：B4解析：推理判断题。作者执勤任务结束后，设法及时赶回去参加了女儿的高中毕业典礼，女儿非常开心。作者由此来表达亲情的意义。答案：CPassa
11、ge 2(2018全国卷，B篇)Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries，strawberries are highest in vitamin C，although，becau
12、se of their seeds，raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质)，iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein)Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质)The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As
13、 for cherries (樱桃)，they are so delicious who cares？However，they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits，frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick，cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”For this purpose，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sw
14、eeter.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks，depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer，you can
15、simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert，to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a childrens party；they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24What doe
16、s the author seem to like about cherries?AThey contain protein.BThey are high in vitamin A.CThey have a pleasant taste.DThey are rich in antioxidants.25Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?ATo make them smell better.BTo keep their colour.CTo speed up their ripening.DTo improve their nut
17、rition.26What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?AA dessert. B. A drink.CA container. DA machine.27From which is the text probably taken?AA biology textbook. BA health magazine.CA research paper. DA travel brochure.【语篇解读】人们爱七月，因为七月是收获的季节，各种浆果和核果喜获丰收。那么如何加工食用这些果实呢？这些果实各自又含有哪些营养成分呢？24解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“
18、As for cherries，they are so delicious who cares？至于樱桃，它们味道甜美，(至于其他方面)谁会在乎呢？”可知，C项陈述与之吻合。A、D两项曲解文意，第二段说山莓富含蛋白质，蓝莓富含抗氧化物质，因此这两项不是樱桃的特点；B项张冠李戴，文章说桃子等核果类的水果含有能转化为维生素A且是抗氧化物质的类胡萝卜素。答案：C25解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的fresh lemon juice可以定位到第三段最后部分。由“If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent t
19、hem turning brown.”可知，往香蕉上挤一些新鲜的柠檬汁能保护香蕉在冷冻的时候不变色，故选B项。A、C、D三项无中生有。文章没有提到新鲜的柠檬汁能让冷冻的香蕉闻起来更好、成熟得更快或增加香蕉的营养。答案：B26解析：词义猜测题。最后一段中画线词处的语境提到“喂食”(feed in)，“吐出”(out comes)，“放进机器的顶部”(into the top of the machine)，从这些信息词判断画线词指的是一种机器，因此选D。A、B、C三项曲解文意。从语境的关键词判断，该词指的不是甜点、饮料或容器，而是榨汁的机器。答案：D27解析：推理判断题。本题考查文章的出处。从全
20、文内容看，第一段提到丰收的七月带来的果实，说这些水果好比储存营养的小“动力室”；第二段提到山莓等各种水果含有的维生素等营养成分；第三、四段提到利用这些水果制作各种美食。因此本文应该摘选自健康类的杂志。故选B项。A、C、D三项曲解文意。从文章内容看，本文不是出自生物教科书、科研论文或旅行手册。答案：BPassage 3If you have a chance to go to Finland，you will probably be surprised to find how“foolish”the Finnish people are.Take the taxi drivers for exa
21、mple.Taxis in Finland are mostly highclass Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometre.You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare.The driver would not show the least signs of anxiety.T
22、he dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests，but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free，so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals.The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration cards to the waiter.With such
23、 a loose check，you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate.Then they just say how many hours they have worked and they wi
24、ll be paid accordingly.With so many loopholes (漏洞) in everyday life，surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take“petty_advantages”But the strange thing is that all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fares after they have attended to their business and that not a sin
25、gle outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms.And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do，living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”1The underlined words in Paragraph
26、5 mean“_”Ato be ready to help othersBto make good use of ones friendsCto be a little ahead of othersDto gain something at others expense2Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AWhile taking a taxi in Finland，you can get off without first paying your fare.BIn a big hotel in Finla
27、nd，you can enjoy free meals if youre living in the hotel.CThe bosses in Finland pay the employees according to the registration of their working hours.DThe workers are always honest with their working hours.3We can infer from the passage that_Athe Finnish society is of very high moral(道德的)levelBther
28、e are many loopholes in everyday life in FinlandCin Finland，most taxi drivers will not charge you anythingDeveryone in Finland is like a gentleman，for they have faith in themselves4Which of the following is the best title of the passage?ALife in FinlandBA Society with “Foolish” PeopleCWhat a LifeDHo
29、nest accounts of the Finns【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要通过一些例子，介绍了芬兰人的诚实，并且诚实让他们成为真正的“绅士”。1解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life，surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to takepetty advantages”可知，在日常生活中芬兰出现了很多的“漏洞”。结合上文内容可知，在芬兰，如果你告诉出租车司机你有一些事要处理，你不付车费就可以离开；在宾馆用旧的登记卡就可以享受免费大餐；工
30、人只要告诉老板自己工作的时长就可以得到相应的工资，这些就是“漏洞”。由此可知，芬兰确实是那些爱贪小便宜的人的天堂，画线词意为“小便宜”，故D项正确。答案：D2解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是第三句“Then they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly”可知，老板是根据工人自己所说的工作时长给工人支付工资的，而不是根据登记的时长，所以C项与文意不符，故选C项。答案：C3解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句，并结合全文内容可知，在芬兰，乘出租车的乘客可以先下车离开，等处理
31、完事情后再付车费；没有在宾馆登记入住的人并不会去宾馆享受免费大餐；工人可以按照自己报的工作时长向老板索要工资。因为芬兰人总是诚实地做每一件事，生活在这样一个社会，每个人都变成了一个真正的“绅士”。据此可以判断，芬兰社会有着很高的道德水平，故A项正确。答案：A4解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章由人们认为芬兰人很“愚蠢”引出本文话题，接着举例介绍了芬兰人“愚蠢”的情况，最后点明主旨，即芬兰是一个道德水平很高的国家，人们的诚实让他们都成为绅士。据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。答案：BPassage 4(2019河南新乡高三质量检测)Alongside air and water, food
32、is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive.But its a lot more than that.As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote: “The most intimate (亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being.Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”Nowadays, for most peopl
33、e in the worlds wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an enthusiasm, and even something fashionable.Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and youll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession.And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”Its almost imp
34、ossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging (夸耀), many of us forget how much we take food for granted.This is why World Food Day is held each year.Take Kenya for
35、 example.This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts.The result is that people are beginning to starve.Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying.This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely diff
36、erent way.But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banksEuropean organizations that hand out donated food to those who cant afford to pay for it themselves.So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have.Afte
37、r all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.1According to Mariette Dichristina, what has the closest relationship with us?AAir. BWater.CFood. DHuman beings.2What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?ADelicious f
38、ood. BA person fond of food.CA social media app. DA photo of delicious meals.3Who can get help from food banks?APoor people in the UK.BPoor people in Africa.CStarving children in Kenya.DPeople in the droughtstricken.4Whats the best title for the text?ATreat Food as a HobbyBTime to Appreciate FoodCFo
39、od Shortage in Some CountriesDHow to Spend World Food Day【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，认为美食是理所当然的。但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。珍惜粮食，从我做起。1解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中Mariette Dichristina所写的话“The most intimate(亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being.Inste
40、ad, it is between our bodies and our food”可知，我们最亲密的关系不是人与人之间的关系，而是我们的身体和食物之间的关系。据此可知，Mariette Dichristina认为和我们关系最亲密的是食物。故选C。答案：C2解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的第二句“Its almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen”可知，这些人最喜欢
41、在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片。结合画线词所在句子中的“thinks of themselves as a foodie”可以判断，该处画线词指人，故foodie意为“美食爱好者”。故选B。答案：B3解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的最后一句“But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banksEuropean organizations that hand out donated food to those who cant afford to pay for it themselves”可知，即使是在英国，低收入家庭也被迫要使用食物银行。该组织是一个向那些无钱购买食物的人捐赠食物的欧洲组织。据此可知，贫穷的英国人可以获得食物银行的帮助。故选A。答案：A4解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。据此可知，“到了感激食物的时候了”最能概括文章主旨，故选B。答案：B