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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第五章 写作应试技巧写作部分的比分占总分的15%,测试时间为15分钟.对大多数学生来说,写作是一难点。因此，考生该部分的得分一般都不高。为了使考生熟悉考试写作体裁，掌握写作方法，提高写作能力，根据基本要求和考试大纲，下面就高等学校英语应用能力考试可能涉及到的体裁及写作方法一一进行分析和讲解。便条（Notes）一、题型分析便条在我们的日常生活当中随处可见，往往内容涉及信息性较强，所以要求考生用简单的语言完整地传递信息。若是有关道歉内容，考生应言之成理，动之以情。二、应试技巧1正确运用格式便条的写作格式同普通信笺的格式大体一致，包括写作时间、称呼、正文，结束语和具名共五部
2、分。但在传递感谢内容的信息与单纯的通俗信息时，写作时间可以不具。2正文写作应注意的技巧写作正文时应注意以下四点：(1)使用非正式的、通俗的语言。(2)不要将写作人与称呼混淆。(3)单词或词组使用的准确性。(4)用委婉的语气、商量的口吻向别人建议、道歉、邀请、询问、感谢，以期对方接受。3正确运用如下常见的语句(1)通俗信息便条。如：ThereHere is I havegot(2)约会信息便条。如：CouldWouldwill yOU Id like to(3)感谢便条。如：Thank you (very much) for Many thanks forI am writing to than
3、k you forI am writing to express my appreciation of all thatI am writing to tell you how grateful I am for(4)道歉便条。如：Im so/terriblyextremely sorry that I would like tO express my apologies for(5)邀请便条。如：Would you like to Would it be possible for you toWe should be very glad if you could(6)请求、询问便条。如：Wo
4、uld you please I would like toI would be grateful if you could We would appreciate doing三、范文分析Dear liu，I have something important to tell you，please call me at 8 tonightWang分析 这是一张通俗的信息便条，Wang有重要的事要告诉Liu，希望Liu与自己联系。该便条很明显没有写作时间和结束语。前面我们提到过单纯的通俗信息与感谢信息的传递不须注明写作时间，若非注不可，也就是即日，即收笺的那一日。首句I have句式表明“我”有一
5、些，很自然地、明确地引出信息内容。使用了有说服力的词如important，tell等，突出地表现了信息的重要性。其他几类便条就不再一一分析了，它们与同类信笺的写作技巧大体相似，就不在此赘述了。惟一提醒考生注意的是，在写道歉便条时，要实事求是，条理清晰地道明原委，切不可胡编乱造。四、练习请以Judy的名义给Jane写一张便条，请Jane尽快将其工作计划告诉Judy。参考答案 lst, JuneDearJane，Please inform me as soon as possible your working planThanks Judy通知(Notice)一、题型分析英文通知的格式与中文通知格
6、式大体相同，这点考生容易把握。其内容简单、具体，要求写明具体事项，以便告知相关人员。二、应试技巧1注意中、英通知的细微差别和中文通知一样，英文通知由标题、正文、落款(或时间)三部分组成。标题写在正文上方正中部位，常以Notice作标题。它可大写首字母(Notice)成整个单词(NOTICE)。落款即发出通知的单位和时间写在正文右下角，有时发出通知的单位可以省略，时间也可写在单位名称下一行的左下角。2书写正文时要注意的几点(1)内容要简洁、清楚。例如，会议通知要写清时间、地点、出席人员，必要时还可以写明会议内容。(2)多采用被动语态，人称用第三人称。如：All the students of t
7、he Computer Department are required to meetA lecture on linguistics will be given by Professor Xiao(3)为了能引起广泛的注意，正文起首常标以“ATTENTION字样或以“Attention，please开头。如：ATTENTION，A visit to(4)放假通知应写明放假天数及收假日期。如：Tomorrow being National Day，there will be no work for seven daysWork will be resumed on Oct.8三、范文分析Sam
8、ple 1NOTICEAll the members of the StudentsUnion are requested tO meet in the department conferenceroom on Monday，July 5，at 7:30 p.mto discuss the plan of the sports meetStudentsUnionJuly 1，2000分析 范文是布告体裁的通知。其格式规范，表述清楚。这是一个会议通告，开会的时间、地点、人员、会议内容都一目了然。和中文的通知一样，发出通知的部门即范文中的StudentsUnion和日期可写在右下角，但有时日期也可
9、写在发通知的部门的下一行的右下角。但考生常习惯性地将日期写到右上角，这点应注意。Sample 2March 10，2000Dear Lily，This is to inform you that due to bad weather tomorrows sports meet will be postponed until March 15School Athletic Committee分析 范文是通知的另一种形式即书信体。它的格式与便条很相似，包括写在右上角的日期、称呼、正文及落款即发通知的部门。同样，它的内容应该清楚、简洁，让人一目了然。四、练习请拟一张国庆节放7天假的通知。请以英语系办
10、公室的名义拟一个组织教师去韶山参观的通知。参考答案Notice Sep.30，2000Tomorrow being National Day，there will be no work for 7 daysAll the managers and workers are required to take part in the celebrations to be held in the conference room in our company on Tuesday，Oct 1，at 8:00 amWork will be resumedOn Oct8Office of General M
11、anager参考答案Notie June 2,2000Attention please,A visit to Shaoshan has been arranged for Saturday,June 7.The teachers who wish to go,please gather at the college gate.The bus is to leave at 6:00 a.m sharp.The English Department Office请假条(Asking for Sick Leave or Business Leave)一、题型分析 在应用文能力考试中，请假条因其篇幅短
12、小，格式、内容较为容易掌握，故相对于推荐信、申请信等篇幅较长的应用文而言，其得分率要高，且该类型的应用文要求文体正式、语言得体，尤其是用礼貌的语言向领导讲述清请假的理由。二、应试技巧1了解请假条的基本情况(内容) 请假条是便条的一种，主要用于因病或因重要事情须向领导请示批准某一特定时间的假。根据其请假理由的不同，可把请假条分为病假条和事假条两种。但不管是哪一种，都应包括以下四部分内容： (1)日期 日期通常应在正文右上角，因清假条涉及到的是最近时间内的事情，故可直接用几月，几日或星期几来表示，如April 10或10 April或Thursday。 (2)称呼 称呼常用常规信中的称呼语，如De
13、ar，Mr，Professor，Dr等。 (3)正文 正文是请假条的核心部分，主要涉及到请假原因、请假时间，结尾时需用些表示感谢或请求批准的话语。切记理由要充分，在必要时应附上相应的证明。 (4)结束语的署名结束语常用yours faithfully 或 yours sincerely 或 yours truly等。2常用句型(1)起首用语请假条中起首句常用来说明请假原因或请假时间，常用句型如下：Id like to apply for three days leave of absence，starting from，and finishing onI am writing to ask f
14、or sick leave ofdays，starting fromtoIm sorry l cant attend the meeting becauseasOwing toAs，I shall be unable to(2)结尾常用语请假条中结尾用语常用来表示感谢、请予批准等。常用句型如下：I should be very obligedgrateful if you grant me the leaveI hope you will grant me the leaveHoping you will excuse my non-attendanceIll certainly do my
15、best to make uponceas soon asNow l enclose a Doctors Certificatea medical certificate fromissued by the doctorNow l enclose the telegraph from my father三、范文分析范文 事假条April 25Secretary Frick，As my brother is moving to Canada tomorrow，I shall be very much obliged if you will grant me my application for
16、one days leave tomorrow Yours respectfullyRobin Ford分析 这是Robin Ford给秘书Frick的一张请假条。其中包括日期(April 25)、称呼语(Secretary Frick)、结束语(Yours respectfully)、署名(Robin Ford)以及核心部分正文。就正文而言，一个主从复合句就给出了请假条正文所应包含的所有的信息，如请假理由：“My brother is moving to Canada tomorrow，请假时间区间为tomorrow，表示感谢的话语：“I shall be very much obliged
17、，请求批准的话语：you grant me application for one days leave”。从这些方面来看，该请假条体现出了请假条简单明了这一特点。正文开头以“As”引导的原因状语从句引出请假理由，这样的开头使人一目了然。范文 病假条 (English 2nd Year，Class B) April 21(To Department office)Ms Smith，Owing to a severe headache,I shall be unable to attend classes today.I enclose a medical certificate from th
18、e doctor.Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.Yours respectfully Li Ming分析 该请假条从基本格式到内容都符合请假条的要求，包括请假条中的信头(系、年级、班级和写假条的日期)，收假条部门以及收假条人名，其中的系、年级、班级和收假条部门也可省略，直接用最简单的请假条格式，从内容中可推断出写请假条人与收请假条人是师生关系。正因如此，请假人写上了“I enclose a medical certificate from the doctor以示请假理由并非借口，以介词短语Owingto”引出请假理由，以句子“I shall
19、 be unable to attendclasses today引出了请假时间区间即today，开门见山，直截了当。四、练习 以Mary的名义向Professor John写一张因病无法上课的请假条(注明缺漏的课日后补上)。要求：不少于30词写一封因家父病重须回家探望，故请求给予三天假的请假条(注明起止时间)。要求：60词左右。参考答案 Nov12Dear professor John，Im sorry l cant come to your lecture today as I am running a feverI should be very much obliged if you s
20、hall grant me the leaveIll do my best to make up the lessons as soon as 1m recoveredYours respectfully，Mary参考条案Dec12Dear Manager， Id like to apply for three days leave，starting from the 13th-to the 15th，in order to return to my hometown to see my father，who is seriously ill these days I should be ve
21、ry much obliged if you grant me the leaveAs to the duties to be missed during my absence，I shall do my best to make them up as Soon I get back Here I enclose a telegraph from my mother Yours faithfully， Wang Fang邀请信（A letter of Invitation）一、题型分析 该题型要求考生掌握正式和非正式的书信体邀请信的格式。它的内容应该完整、明确，语言简朴，态度热情。其复函即接受
22、邀请或谢绝邀请也具有上述特点。二、应试技巧1注意不同场合的邀请信使用格式的不同 邀请信的正式程度由邀请者与被邀请者间的关系来决定。正式的邀请信的格式与普通书信的格式相同，由写信人的地址、日期、收信人姓名及地址、称呼、正文、结束语及署名七个部分组成。而用于熟悉朋友间的非正式邀请信则可省略写信人地址、收信人姓名及地址，称呼也可随便些。邀请信复函的格式和正式程度与邀请信相同。2正文要求写清的几个方面 (1)邀请信的正文 (a)直截了当地提出邀请并指出时间(年、月、日、钟点)、地点、场合。 (b)请对方确认或表示期待对方接受邀请。 (2)表示接受邀请的复函的正文 (a)感谢对方的邀请(有时可省略)。
23、(b)表示接受邀请并确认时间、地点、场合。 (c)表达愉快的期盼之情。 (3)表示谢绝邀请的复函的正文 (a)感谢对方的邀请。 (b)明确谢绝并给出合理的原因。3灵活运用邀请信及复函中常用的语句 (1)I should be delightedpleased if you could come to WouldCould you come to (2)I shall be happy to acceptIt was thoughtful of you tO Thank you for your invitation to We look forward to seeing you again.
24、 (3)Please accept my sincere regret at Unfortunately，it will be impossible for me tO What a shame!We cant三、范文分析 Dec15，2000Dear Peter， Would you like to come tO my place to have dinner with me on Sunday，Dec20，at 8:00p.m.? I havenT seen you for a long time and Im looking forward to seeing you soon. Yo
25、urs， Lucy分析 以上是Lucy写给Peter的一封共进晚餐的邀请信。由于是非正式场合，省略了写信人地址、收信人姓名及地址、正文开头提出了邀请，并讲明了具体的时间、地点(on Sunday，Dec.20，at 8:00 p.m.，my place)。最后表达了热切的期盼之情(looking forward to seeing you soon)。 Dec17，2000Dear Lucy， Thank you for your kind invitation to dinner at your place on Sunday，Dec20，at 8:00 p.mI do accept it
26、with great pleasureIt seems quite a long time since we met lastIm looking forward to seeing you. Yours,Peter分析 以上是Peter表示接受邀请而写的一封回信。正文开头对邀请表示感谢，并确认了时间、地点。接着明确表示乐意接受邀请(I do accept it with great pleasure)。最后表示了热切盼望那一天的到来。此信的关键是要写明接受邀请，而不能出现“Ill accept it Im free这类模棱两可的句子。 Dec17，2000Dear Lucy， Thank y
27、ou for your kind invitation to dinner at your place，But lm sorry that I have to decline itIll visit my former teacher that dayI do hope to see you when Im free Yours， Peter分析 这是一封peter因故不能出席的谢绝邀请信。同样，正文开头表达了被邀请的谢意。接着明确地谢绝邀请并解释了原因(But Im sorry that l have to decline it,Ill visit my former teacher tha
28、t day)。此处用到的套语有： Thank you very much for your kind invitation to Im sorry that四、练习按下列要求写一封邀请信及复函： 以Wang Li的名义给他朋友Li Min写一封邀请信，请他五一节期间来杭州游玩。 以Li Min的名义写一封接受邀请信。 因Li Min在这期间要去广东考察工作单位而谢绝邀请，请以Li Min的名义写一封谢绝信。参考答案 April 20，2000Dear Li Min， It is really a long time since l saw you lastI miss you so muchw
29、ould you like to come to Hangzhou during International Labour Day? Hangzhou is a beautiful cityThere are quite a lot of places of interest and shopping placesyoure welcome to stay as long as you like and Id like to be your guideIm really looking forward to see you againIf you would tell me the time
30、of your arrival，Ill meet you at the railway station Yours，Wang Li参考答案 April 20，2000Dear Wang Li， Thank you for your kind invitation，Im really pleased to meet you in Hangzhou，But now I cant decide specifically when I will arrive in Hangzhou，However，once I make a specific decision，I will notify you by
31、 telephone I hope we can meet earlierYours，Li Min参考答案 April 20，2000Dear Wang Li，Thank you very much for your kind invitation to visit HangzhouWe really havent seen each other for a long timeBut I really feel regret that I callt comeI have to go to Cuangzhou those days，you know Ill graduate thlis Jul
32、y，so I must go to visit the place where I will workIll write to you when I get back YoursLi Min 请求信(A Letter of Request)一、题型分析请求信是普通书信的一种。常用于比较正式的场合。其格式与普通书信相同。它的主体要求清楚地写出请求的内容及理由，以达到令对方愿意帮助的目的。请求信要求语气谦恭有礼，态度诚恳。考生常犯表述不清、客套语重复、罗嗦的毛病。二、应试技巧1正确运用格式和其他普通书信样，请求信由写信人地址、日期、收信人姓名及地址、称呼、正文、结尾客套语、署名七个部分组成。写信人
33、的地址要详细，以便对方回复。2正文要写清楚如下几点(1)可以开门见山地提出请求，但语气要有礼貌。(2)简明扼要地解释提出请求的原因。(3)无论结果如何，都向对方致谢，但客套语不宜过多。3灵活运用常用于请求的语句(1) I wish to I want tO Wed like to I would ask you to (2)We would feel obliged I should feel grateful for will be greatly appreciated三、范文分析 No3 Huangxing RoadChangsha， July 11，1999Admission Offi
34、ceNanJing UniversityNanjing，Dear Sir， I want to pursue a phD at your universityMy intended of entrance is Autumn 2000Your sending me application forms at your earliest convenience will be greatly appreciated. Sincerely yoursLi Mei分析 以上是Li Mei给Nanjing University招生办写的一封请求寄申请表的信。该请求信包括了写信人地址(No3 Huangx
35、ing Road，Changsha，)、日期(July 11，1999)、收信地址，因不知收信人姓名而写了招生办(Admission Office)，相应地称呼也写成Dear Sir，这样比较合适。正文开头“I want to”直奔主题，道明了写信的目的，接着指明了入校时间为2000年秋，最后礼貌地请求他寄上申请表。在这里他用的是“will be greatly appreciated”这个句型，而不仅仅是一个简单的Thanks。四、练习 给某电脑公司的销售部经理写一封请求信，请求他给你寄该公司当天在北京周末报广告中的家用电脑的详尽说明。参考答案 130 Baihai Road Shangha
36、i，May 11，2000Sales ManagerXinnan Computer CompanyNO，2 Leping StreetBeijing，Dear Sir， Im interested in the personal computers which are advertised in todays Beokom WeekendI want very much to get the information about the various computers that you haveI should feel much obliged if you will kindly sen
37、d me some details of your computers Yours faithfully， Wang Lin求职信（A Letter of Application）一、题型分析 求职信是书信的一种。要求考生首先要熟悉普通书信的格式，同时突出自己与所求工作相关的经历和能力。另外，表达要清楚、具体，以便求职者能给对方留下深刻的印象，最后获得面试的机会。二、应试技巧1.正确运用格式 和其他普通书信一样，求职信由写信人的地址及写信日期、收信人的姓名及地址、称呼、正文、结束语、署名和附件七个部分组成。写信人的地址要详细，以便对方顺利通知写信人面试。收信人一般为求职单位的人事负责人。附件指
38、个人简历、有关证明。2正文要写清以下四个方面的内容 (1)具体指出所寻求的职位。 (2)描述自己受教育的程度、以前的工作业绩和工作能力。 (3)提供至少两个证明人及其联系地址和电话，放在“个人简历”中列出，否则在正文中体现。 (4)请求对方给予面试的机会。3灵活运用求职信中常用的语句 (1)I would like to apply for the position This is an application for the position I wish to apply for the position (2)Please let me know if you want an inter
39、view Can we arrange an interview at your convenience? I shall be much obliged if you will accord me an opportunity interview (3)Im looking forward to hear from you shortlyI hope to hear from you soon三、范文分析140 Weymouth Street Charlottetown Price Edward Island, Canada CIA 4Z210 September，1998Personnel
40、 DirectorMacro Engineering Co.600 Deepdale DriveToronto，OntarioM5W 4R9Dear Sir，I would like to apply for the senior position in your first-class standard Laboratory advertised in your advertisementI graduated from Pacific Rim College in 1996 and got a BS degree in Electrical EngineeringAfter graduat
41、ion I have been working at the Engineering Laboratory of Pacific Rim College and have got much experience，And I trust Im qualified to fill your positionIm enclosing my CV and looking forward to hearing from you shortlyYours SincerelyAlex Gawin分析 以上是Pacific Rim学院电子工程实验室工作人员Alex Gawin向Macro工程公司写的一封求职信
42、。该求职信包含写信人地址(140 Weymouth Street Charlottetown，Prince Edward Island，Canada CIA 4Z2)和写信时间(10 September l998)、收信人姓名(Personnel Director)和地址(Macro Engineering Co600 Deepdale Drive，Toronto，Ontario，M5W 4R9)、称呼(Dear Sir)、正文、署名(Alex Gawin)和附件(CV个人简历)六个部分。正文清楚地显示了所寻求的职位(the senior position in your first-clas
43、s standards Laborary)、自己受教育的程度(graduated from Pacific Rim College，got a BS degree in Electrical Engineering)电力机械专业理学土和工作经历及能力(have been working at the Electrical Engineering Laboratory of Pacific Rim College，have got much experience，trust that Im qualified to fill your position)。至于证明人及其联系地址和电话放在附件“个人简历”(CV)之中。信中使用的套话有：I would like to apply forIm looking forward to hear from you shor