2022年电梯的安全系统 .pdf

《2022年电梯的安全系统 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年电梯的安全系统 .pdf（24页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。

1、No: Date: Page: Original: ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 1 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technical ServicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-how5 电梯的安全系统Safety system of lift

2、 为了保证电梯运行安全、可靠，电梯上设置了许多电气、机械安全保护装置。只要这些安全装置能够正常、有效地起到各自应有的作用，就一定能保证电梯和乘客的绝对安全，做到万无一失。To ensure lift to operate safely and reliably, electrical and mechanical safety devices are mounted on lift.Good function of these safety devices will guarantee the safety of lift and passengers. 电梯应有的安全措施：Necessary

3、 safety devices include: 1）超速保护装置（限速器、安全钳） ；Overspeed protection device, such as overspeed governor, safety gear；2）供电系统断、错相保护（只对交流电梯有效）；Power cut-off, phase-reverse protection, only applicable to AC lift；3）底坑撞底缓冲器装置（油压缓冲器、弹簧缓冲器）；Buffer in pit, such as oil buffer, spring buffer；4）超越井道上、下极限工作位置时的保护装置（

4、上、下终端极限）；Protection device for upper and lower final limit in well, such as upper / lower final (terminal) limit ；5）层门联锁与轿门电气联锁装置；Landing door interlock and car door electrical interlock ；6）井道底坑有通道时，对重应有防止超速或断绳下落的装置（对重侧限速器、安全钳）；Counterweigh should be equipped with device which prevents overspeed or

5、ruptured rope precipitation, suchas overspeed governor and safety gear；7）停电或电气系统故障时应有轿厢慢速移动的救援措施（紧急救援设备）；Rescue measures (emergency rescue device) should be provided for car to move slowly in case of power off or electrical failure；8）各类电气安全保护装置（电梯门口的光电开关等）；Various electrical safety protection device

6、s (electro-optical switch located at entrance to landing door) ；名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Original: ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 2 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technical ServicesAll rights

7、 are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-how5-1 电梯的安全链名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Original: ITSA-TD-2044

8、/01 2004/09/27 3 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technical ServicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-howLift safety chain 将电梯的所有安全部件串在一起形成的安全回路俗称为电梯的安全链。图 5-1 为 蒂森 TCM电梯的安全

9、链，图5-2 为奥的斯 SPEC60 电梯的安全链。Safety chain is referred to as safety circuit connected by all safety parts. In figure 5-1 is shown safety chainof Thyssen TCM lift; in figure 5-2 safety chain of Otis SPEC60. 5-2 限速器Overspeed governor 5-2-1 限速器功能Overspeed governor function 限速器是检测轿厢超速的装置，在电梯正常运行时它不起作用，当电梯运行

10、速度超过其额定速度并达到一定值（即限速器动作速度）时，它就操纵电气开关打开急停回路，使电动机停转并且制动器制动，在此同时或稍后，它将操纵安全钳动作，使轿厢夹持在导轨上，迫使轿厢停下来。 所以限速器总是和安全钳连用的，限速器是在电梯超速并达到临界值时起检测及操纵作用，而安全钳则是在限速器操纵下强制使轿厢停住的执行机构。As a device to test car overspeed, overspeed governor does not function during lift normal operation. It will operate electrical switch to op

11、en emergency circuit, making motor stop and engaging brake. Simultaneously or shortly, overspeed governor will operate safety to activate, forcing car to stop by retaining it on guide rails. Therefore, overspeed governor is always used together with safety gear; the former will test and operate when

12、 lift runs at overspeed and reaches limit value, while the latter will force car 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Original: ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 4 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technical S

13、ervicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-howto stop under the manipulation of overspeed governor. 由于电梯速度不同，通过限速器使电梯停止的操作程序也有所不同，当电梯额定速度1.0m/s 时，允许在限速器动作操纵安全钳的同时打开急停回路（即限速器动作 1 和 2 同时发生

14、，见图 5-3 ）当电梯额定速度超过1m/s 时，限速器应首先打开急停回路（即动作1）超速在额定速度的115% 以下使电梯急停。 如果此动作未能使电梯减速，并且超速达到规定值时，则限速器直接操纵安全钳（即动作2）使轿厢夹持在导轨上。Different lift speed results in different operation procedure for car to stop through overspeed governor. For lifts with rated speed of less than 1.0m/s, it is permissible to open emer

15、gency circuit while operating safety gear (overspeed governors action 1 and 2 occur simultaneously, as shown in figure 5-3). For lifts with rated of above 1m/s, overspeed governor should open emergency circuit opens first, i.e. action 1 occurs occurs, making lift execute emergency stop if lift speed

16、 exceeds rated speed but below 115% rated speed. If such action fails to decelerate lift and speed limit value is reached, overspeed governor will directly operate safety gear, i.e. action 2 occurs, leaving car retained on rails. 5-2-2 限速器种类及工作原理Overspeed governor types and mechanism 任何限速器本身都包括三个机械部

17、分，其一是反映电梯运行速度的转动部分；其二是当电梯运行速度达到限速器动作速度时，根据离心力原理将限速器绳夹紧的机械自锁部分。限速器应保证仅在电梯超速下降时起作用，故有安装方向性，绝对不允许装错；其三是限速器钢丝绳下部张紧装置部分。Any overspeed governor consists of three mechanical parts: rotating part to reflect lift speed; mechanical self-locking part which will clutch overspeed governor rope when lift speed re

18、aches the threshold which activates overspeed governor. Overspeed governor can onlyl guarantee to function when lift is moving downwards at overspeed, therefore direction should be considered when it is installed and wrong installation is not allowed; tension device part is below overspeed governor

19、rope. 限速器按其动作原理可分为摆锤式和离心式两种 。离心式结构的限速器又可分为垂直轴转动型和水平轴转动型两种。目前常用的大多为后者。Overspeed governor is classified into pendular and centrifugal types according to its mechanism. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Original:

20、 ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 5 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technical ServicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-howCentrifugal overspeed governor is classified into verti

21、cal rotating and horizontal rotating types. Currently, the former is frequently used. 5-2-2-1 离心式限速器Centrifugal overspeed governor 图 5-4 为这种限速器的典型结构。它的动作原理是，两个绕各自轴转动的甩块由杠杆连接在一起，以保证同步运动。甩块由螺旋弹簧固定。限速器绳轮在垂直平面内转动，如果轿厢速度超过额定速度预定值时，甩块因离心力的作用向外甩开，使超速开关动作，从而切断电梯的控制回路，使制动器失电抱闸。如果轿厢速度进一步增大，甩块进一步向外甩开，并撞击锁栓，松开摆

22、动钳块。正常情况下，摆动钳块由锁栓拴住，与限速器绳间保持一定的间隙。当摆动钳块松开后，钳块下落，将限速器绳夹持在固定钳块上。固定钳块由压紧弹簧压紧，压紧弹簧可利用调节螺栓进行调节。此时，绳钳夹紧了限速器绳，从而使安全钳动作。当钳块夹紧限速器绳使安全钳动作时，限速器绳不应有明显的损坏或变形。In figure 5-4 is shown the typical structure of this overspeed governor. Its mechanism is as follows: two independently rotating fly weights are connected

23、by lever to ensure synchronous movement. Fly weights are fixed by spiral springs. Overspeed governor sheave is rotating in vertical suface; if car speed exceeds rated speed, fly weight will fly outwards, enabling overspeed switch to activate, cutting off control circuit and making brake engage. Fly

24、weight will fly outwards further, bumping bolt and disengaging swinging jaw if car speed is increased further. In normal condition, swinging jaw is bolted by lock pin, keeping specific distance from overspeed governor rope. After swinging jaw is disengaged, jaw will precipitate, clutching overspeed

25、rope on fixed jaw. Fixed jaw is compressed by press spring which can be adjusted by means of adjusting 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Original: ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 6 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Int

26、ernational Technical ServicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-howbolts. When rope clip clutches overspeed governor rope, enabling safety gear to activate, no obvious damage or deforma

27、tion should be found on overspeed governor rope. 5-2-2-2离心式锤型限速器Centrifugal hammer overspeed governor 离心式锤型限速器示意图见图5-5，其工作原理为：当轿厢超速下降时，限速器轮在限速器绳与其绳槽间的摩擦力的作用下，转速加快。因而离心锤所受到的离心力相应地也随之增大，并使离心锤绕着销轴转动，重心外移。当离心力增大到一定值时，离心锤上的内凸子将和锤罩上的外凸子相啮合，使锤罩带动偏心叉一起向着轿厢下降方向转动。当转动到偏心叉中的压绳舌与限速器绳接触时，根据自锁原理，压绳舌将限速器掣停，进而带动安全钳

28、动作将轿厢夹持于导轨上。In figure 5-5 is shown the centrifugal hammer overspeed governor whose mechanism is as described as follows. When car is moving downwards at overspeed, overspeed pulley will accelerate under the influence of the friction between overspeed rope and groove. Therefore, centrifugal applied o

29、n centrifugal hammer is increased accordingly, enabling centrifugal hammer to rotate around pin shaft and moving gravity outwards. When centrifugal increases to a certain value, inner cam on centrifugal hammer will engage with outer cam on hammer cover; hammer caover will drive deflecting fork to mo

30、ve in the direction towards which car decelerates. When press rope tag contacts overspeed governor rope, the former will stop overspeed governor, driving safety gear to retain car on guide rails. 5-2-2-3 立轴式球型限速器Vertically axial ball overspeed governor 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

31、- - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Original: ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 7 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technical ServicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owne

32、r. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-how立轴式球型限速器示意图见图5-6。其工作原理为：限速器绳带动限速器旋转，并将其运动传给一对锥齿轮 , 使其立轴带动一对飞球转动。 随着限速器转速的提高， 飞球所产生的离心力不断增加。飞球在克服调节弹簧及结构自重沿立轴向下分力的基础上，不断抬高位置。在飞球抬高位置的过程中，杠杆相应地上提，当提到一定位置时，钩子就与偏心块（或楔块）脱离。在偏心块（或楔块）自重和一定的附加重量的作用下，根据自锁原理，使随着电梯一起下降的限速器绳掣停，从而促使安全钳动作，将轿厢夹持在导轨上。限速器轮直径至少是限速器绳直径的30 倍。 锤型限速器一般被用在

33、梯速v1.0m/s 的低速电梯上，v1.0m/s 的快速梯常选用离心式限速器，高梯选用球型限速器。In figure 5-6 is shown tanding axial ball overspeed governor, whose mechanism is as follows: overspeed governor rope drives overspeed governor to rotate, passing on to a pair of cone pulleys, enabling vertical shaft to drive a pair of fly balls. With

34、speed of overspeed governor increasing, centrifugal produced by fly ball will increase. The position of fly ball will be elevated as long as it overcomes adjusting springs and partial force of self weight along vertical shaft. With flying balls position elevated, lever will do so accordingly; when r

35、eaching a certain position, anchor and deflecting filler (or wedge) will fly. Under the influence of deflecting filler (or wedge) self weight and other additional weight, overspeed governor rope moving downwards with lift will be stopped, enabling safety gear to activate and retaining car on rails.

36、Diameter of overspeed governor pulley should be at least 30 times as that of overspeed governor rope. Hammer overspeed governor is generally used in lift with speed of 1.0m/s or less; while centrifugal overspeed governor in lift with speed of more than 1m/s, ball overspeed 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - -

37、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Original: ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 8 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technical ServicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent

38、of the copyright owner. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-howgovernor in high-speed lift. 限速器的动作速度与轿厢速度的关系一般按表5-1 进行调整。In table 1 is shown the relation between speed of overspeed governor and that of car. 表 5-1 Table 1 轿厢额定速度 m/s Rated speed of car 限速器动作速度（最大值）m/s Speed which activates overspeed governor (m

39、ax.) 0.5 0.75 1.00 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 3.00 0.85 1.05 1.40 1.98 2.26 2.55 3.13 3.70 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Original: ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 9 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technica

40、l ServicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-how5-2-4 限速器的安装位置Mounting position of overspeed governor 限速器通常安装在电梯机房或隔离层的地面，它的平面位置一般在电梯轿厢的左后角或右前角处。如图 5-7 所示。限速器绳的张紧轮安装在电梯底坑，限速器绳绕经限速器轮和张紧轮

41、形成一个封闭的环路，其两端通过绳头连接架安装在轿厢架上，与操纵安全钳的杠杆系统相连。张紧轮的重量使限速器绳保持张紧，并在限速器轮槽和限速器绳之间形成一定的摩擦力。 轿厢上、下运动时同步带动限速器绳运动从而带动限速器轮转动。Overspeed governor is generally mounted on the floor of machine room or of isolating section. From plan view, it is in rear left corner or front right corner, as shown in figure 5-7. Tensio

42、n pulley of overspeed governor is mounted in pit; overspeed rope travels around overspeed pulley and tention pulley, forming an enclosed circuit. Both sides of rope are mounted on car frame via rope head connecting support and connected with lever system which manipulates safety gear. Tension pulley

43、 weight keeps overspeed rope tensioned, producing friction between overspeed governor groove and rope. Car moving upwards and downwards will snychronize overspeed governor rope , enabling overspeed governor pulley to rotate. 5-3 安全钳Safety gear 安全钳是在限速器的操纵下，使电梯轿厢紧急制动，夹持在导轨上的一种安全装置。任何曳引电梯的轿厢都必须设有安全钳装置

44、，安全钳装置必须由限速器来操纵，在轿厢达到限速器动作时，甚至在钢丝绳断裂的情况下，安全钳应能保证使满载轿厢掣停在导轨上，并能保持静止状态。安全钳装置只有在电梯超速下行时才起保护作用。只有将被掣停在导轨上的轿厢向上提起时方有可能使安全钳复位。Safety gear is a safety device that will retain car on rails after being jerked under the activation of overspeed governor.Any traction lifts should be equipped with safety gear wh

45、ich must be controlled by overspeed governor. If overspeed governor activates, even in case of rope rupture, safety gear should guarantee to jerk car with rated load on 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Origin

46、al: ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 10 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technical ServicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the copyright owner. 未经许可，不得复制。电梯基础知识Lift Know-howrails and leave it stationary.Safety gear will not

47、activate unless lift runs at overspeed. Safety gear will not reset until car retained on rail is hoisted. 5-3-1 安全钳装置的构成和布置Safety gear device configuration and arrangement 安全钳装置设在轿厢架或对重架上，它由 两部分组成， 即掣停机构和操纵机构 。掣停机构叫安全钳，它的作用是使轿厢或对重掣停，夹持在导轨上。操纵机构是一组连杆系统， 限速器通过此连杆系统操纵安全钳起作用。图 5-8 为安全钳装置的示意图。Mounted on

48、car frame or counterweight frame, safety gear device is composed of jerk and manipulation parts. The former is called safety gear that is used to jerk car or counterweight and retain them on rails; while the latter is a set of lever system through which overspeed governor manipulates safety gear. In

49、 figure 5-8 is illustrated safety gear device. 安全钳需要由两组，对应地安装在两根导轨处。大多数情况下安全钳安装在轿厢架下梁的下面，但也可以安装在轿厢架上梁的上面。限速器绳两端的绳头与安全钳杠杆系统驱动连杆相连接， 电梯在正常运行时， 轿厢运动通过驱动连杆带动限速器绳和限速器运动，此时，安全钳处于非动作状态，其制停零件（楔块、偏心块或滚子）与导轨之间保持一定的间隙一般为 23mm 。当轿厢超速达到限定值时，限速器动作使夹绳钳卡住限速器绳，这时随着轿厢继续向下连杆被同时提起，带动安全钳夹紧零件与导轨接触，而使安全钳钳口同时夹紧导轨，轿厢掣停。在安全钳

50、作用时，装在其连杆系统中的安全开关应在安全钳动作以前使电动机停止运行。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - No: Date: Page: Original: ITSA-TD-2044/01 2004/09/27 11 of 5-24 Thyssenkrupp Elevator International Technical ServicesAll rights are reserved. Reproduction