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1、书面表达常用句型书面表达常用句型一系表结构七感叹句结构二主谓结构八.疑问句结构三主谓宾结构九否定式结构四 双宾语结构 十.并列句结构五 复合宾语结构 十一.复合句结构六祈使句结构十二.强调句结构第1页/共97页 一 系表结构 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语Notes 1. 常用的系动词有: 1). 静态(表性质、特征、状态)： be seem remain appear 2). 动态(表变化): become go turn get grow 3). 感官(表示感觉): look sound taste feel smell第2页/共97页2. 可以用做表语的有:1)名词2)名词性物主代词3
2、)不定代词4)人称代词5)形容词6)数词7)副词8)动词不定式(短语)9)动名词(短语)10)现在分词(短语)11)过去分词(短语)12)介词短语13)从句第3页/共97页e.g.1) Smith was the boss of a garage.2) Is this pen yours?3) This is something you should always keep in mind.4) It is she who is singing next door.5) All the walls are white6) My son will be fourteen next year.第4
3、页/共97页7) Class is over.8) His wish is to become a scientist.9) Her favorite sport in summer is swimming.10) The news was exciting.11) They were not discouraged.12) We are all against the proposal.13) He is no longer what he used to be.第5页/共97页3.常用句型:1) It + be + n. + to do 2) It + be + adj. + to do
4、3) It + be + n. + for / of sb. + to do 4) It + be + n. + doing 5) It + be + adj. + doing 6) It + be + n. + clause 7) It + be + adj. + clause 8) There + be + S.第6页/共97页e.g. 1) It is a pity to hear that.2) It is not easy to master a foreign language.3) It is a big mistake for her to have bought the cl
5、othes.4) It was hard for him to support such a big family.5) It is no use going there today.第7页/共97页 6) Its useless keeping books without reading them. 7) Its a pity that she is out. 8) It is true that he has passed the examination. 9) She looks happy today.10) The little girl felt shy.11) Its getti
6、ng dark.12) There will be a new play at the theatre tomorrow. 第8页/共97页二主谓结构二主谓结构 主语主语+（不及物动词）谓语（不及物动词）谓语+状状语语 Notes:1.谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成分。2.状语可以是名词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等。第9页/共97页 3常见句型： 1) S. + vi. 2) S. + vi. + n. 3) S. + vi. + adv. 4) S. + vi. + prep. ph. 5) S. + vi. + to do第10页/共97页6) S. + vi. + do
7、ing7) S. + vi. + for sb./sth. to do sth.8) It + seem / appear + adj. / n. + to do happen 9) It + seem + clause appear 10) There + vi. + S. 第11页/共97页e.g. 1) The sun has risen.2) They worked day and night.3) They all went out.4) She came into the library.5) He got up early to catch the first bus.6) Sh
8、e stood smiling at me.7) It seemed impossible to solve the problem. 第12页/共97页 8) She waited for her husband to come back.n 9) It happened that they were out when wen called on them that evening.n10) It seems that the boy has realized then importance of learning a foreignn language.n11) Long, long ag
9、o there lived a king.第13页/共97页三主谓宾结构 主语主语+（及物动词）谓语（及物动词）谓语+宾语宾语Notes: 1. vi.+ prep.= vt. 2. 可以做宾语的有：名词，代词， 数词，动词不定式，动名词， 从句等.第14页/共97页常见句型：1) S.+ vt. + n.2) S.+ vt. + pron.3) S.+ vt. + num.4) S.+ vt. + adv. + n. / pron.5) S.+ vt. + to do6) S.+ vt. + whether / wh + to do三主谓宾结构第15页/共97页 7) S.+ vt. + d
10、oing 8) S.+ vt. + object clause 9) S.+ vt. + object + prep. ph.10) S.+ vt. + it + prep. ph. + that clause11) S.+ vt. + object + to do12) It+ vt. + object + to do13) S.+ vt. + it + adj. / n. ( + for sb.) + to do第16页/共97页e.g. 1) She is watering the flowers. 2) He loves her very much. 3) Who are you go
11、ing to take these three? 4) She couldnt keep back her tears. =She couldnt keep her tears back. 5) She decided to give it up.第17页/共97页6) He tried to do a good deed each day.7) She hardly knows how to write a composition.8) I wondered whether to stay or to leave.9) I remember seeing her somewhere befo
12、re.10) I hear (that) she has come back.11) I agree to what he has said.第18页/共97页 12) He didnt know whose side he should take. 13) We spend a lot of money on books. 14) He explained it to his students that he was ill that day. 15) He entered the room to look for his pencil-box. 16) It took more than
13、ten years to build the houses. 17) I think it necessary (for him) to learn a foreign language. 第19页/共97页四双宾语结构四双宾语结构 主语主语+（及物动词）谓语（及物动词）谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾直接宾语语 Notes:1.不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语。可用于此句型的动词有以下三类：1). give tell teach write bring lend hand show send offer pay pass allow 2) buy do get fetch save make
14、 sing choose 3) ask answer第20页/共97页2. 1）= vt. + D.O. + to + I.O. 2）= vt. + D.O. + for + I.O. 3）vt. + D.O.1 + D.O.23常用句型： 1) S. + vt. + D.O. +I.O. 2) S. + vt. + D.O. + to / for + I.O. 3) S. + vt. + I.O. + clause 4) It take + O. ( n. / pron.) + n. /pron. + to do 5) Sth. + cost + sb. + n. 第21页/共97页e.g.
15、 1) He gave me some beautiful pictures. 2) He handed the purse to the teacher. 3) Would you fetch some water for the children?第22页/共97页4) She told the students (that) the old man was her father.5) Well show you whose order it is.6) It took him quite some time to find the elephant at all.7) The new b
16、ike cost him 300 yuan.第23页/共97页五复合宾语结构五复合宾语结构 主语主语+（及物动词）谓语（及物动词）谓语+复合宾复合宾语语 Notes:1复合宾语是指“宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。2可作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定时，现在分词，过去分词。第24页/共97页3常见句型： 1) S. + vt. + n. / pron. + n. pain get beat find 2) S. + vt. drive + n. / pron. + adj. wish prove leave make 第25页/共97页 f
17、eel hear listen to make let 7) S. + vt. see + object + do look at watch notice observe 8) S. + vt. + object + doing第26页/共97页 feel find 3) S.+ vt. make +it + n./adj. + for/of sb. to do /doing think consider 4) S. + vt. + adj. / n. + that clause n. 5) S. + vt. + pron. + to be + adj./n. clause 6) S. +
18、vt. + object + to do第27页/共97页 9) S. + vt. + object + done10) S. + vt. + object + W + to do 11) S. + vt. + object + adv.12) S. + vt. + sb. / ones + doing 13) S. + vt. + object + prep. ph.第28页/共97页 e.g. 1) We elected him monitor of our class. 2) The boy kicked the door open. 3) I think it foolish of h
19、im to believe her. 4) We thought it better for you to take the medicine in time. 5) He had made it a rule never to cast his net more than three times a day. 第29页/共97页 6) I consider it a pity that he has given up studying English. 7) We found her to be mad. 8) He wanted her to be a dancer. 9) He beli
20、eves what she said to be true.10) The doctor advised him to have an operation.第30页/共97页11) The boss made the workers work long hours.12) We found the boy crying in the street.13) Have you ever heard this song sung in English?第31页/共97页14) The farmers showed us how to cut wheat.15) Did you find them i
21、n?16) Do you mind me /my closing the window?17) They forced her into the room.第32页/共97页六祈使句结构1. Do + 2. Be + predictive + 3. Dont + do + 4. Dont + be + predictive 5. Let + object + do + .第33页/共97页 e.g. 1) Come in, please. 2) Pass her a piece of paper. 3) Be a good boy. 4) Be careful not to touch it.
22、 5) Dont read in a moving bus. 6) Dont be so silly. 7) Lets have a rest. 8) Let the boy in, please.第34页/共97页七感叹句结构1. What (+ adj.) + n.+ S. + v.! 2. How + adj./adv. + S. + v.! 3. How + S. + v.! 4. How + adj.+ a / an + n. + S. + v.!第35页/共97页e.g. 1) What a silly boy he is! 2) What terrible weather we
23、are having! 3) How hard they are working! 4) How wonderful to be invited to a palace ball!第36页/共97页1一般疑问句：v 1) Be + S. + predictive?v 2) Be + there + S. + ? Havev 3) Has + S. + object + ? Had第37页/共97页 Do Be 4) Have + S. + do + ? Will Shall Can May 5) Must + S. + do +? Need Dare第38页/共97页 e.g. 1) Were
24、 they busy yesterday? 2) Was there a pine tree beside the house? 3) Have you (got) any red ink? 4) Is she lying in bed? 5) Did Tom go there with you? 6) Dare you say it again?第39页/共97页2.特殊疑问句1）作主语的疑问词+陈述语序?(who; which; what) 2）作定语修饰主语的疑问词+陈述语序？ (what; which; whose; how many/much) 3）疑问词(作定语/表语/状语)+一般
25、疑问语序？第40页/共97页e.g. 1) Who came to school the earliest yesterday? 2) Which book is yours? 3) What are you doing? 4) Where did you go yesterday?第41页/共97页3选择疑问句：1）一般疑问句 + or + 另一供选择部分？ 2）一般疑问句 + or + not? 3）特殊疑问句, + A or B ?e.g. 1) Do you like sports or music? 2) Do you like sports or not? 3)Which is b
26、igger, the sun or the moon?第42页/共97页4.反意疑问句： 助动词 1）陈述句肯定结构,+ 系动词 的否定式 + 人称代词？ 情态动词 助动词 2）陈述句否定结构,+ 系动词 的肯定式 + 人称代词？ 情态动词 e.g. 1) You are tired, arent you? 2) You wouldnt leave for long, will you?第43页/共97页九否定式结构1S. + be + not + predictive. e.g. He is not an engineer. have no2. S. + has + not a + obje
27、ct . had any e.g. I have no brother. 第44页/共97页 no3. There + be + not a + S. not any e.g. There isnt a book on the table.4. S. + do/does/did + not + do e.g. He didnt come to school yesterday.5. S. + 助动词 + not + do e.g. 1) He is not crying. 2) I shall not ask him for help.第45页/共97页6. S. + 情态动词 + not +
28、 do e.g. You neednt worry. to do7. not + doing + done e.g. 1) Not knowing the truth, he scolded her. 2) I regretted not attending the meeting. 3) We said so not to flatter(奉承) him.第46页/共97页all both 8. not + each 部分否定 every the whole完全否定分别用： none , neither, nothing, nobody, no one第47页/共97页e.g. 1) All
29、 the answers are not correct. 2) Everything doesnt go well. 3) She hasnt done the job completely. 4) Nobody can work it out. 5) None of the students is from Shanghai.第48页/共97页9. 由nor, neither构成否定承接句： Neither / Nor + 助/系/情态动词 + S.Note: 如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定，则套用句型： It is / was the same with
30、 + S. e.g. 1) I dont like the film, nor does she. 2) He has no time. Neither have I.第49页/共97页10. 由hardly, seldom, rarely, never, little, few等构成的含否定意义的句子。e.g. 1) He hardly went out shopping. 2) Few of them know science.第50页/共97页十. 并列句结构1. 由并列词或逗号、分号把两个或两个以上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连 接为一体，就构成了并列句。第51页/共97页2. 常用的并列连
31、词有： and “和” or “否则” but “可是；但是” for “因为” so “因此” either or “不是就是” neither nor “ 既不也不” not only but also “不但而且”第52页/共97页3.常用的副词有：yet “但是” however “然而” therefore “所以”Note:此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开。第53页/共97页e.g. 1) Hurry up! Its going to rain. 2) He had to come back home; he wanted some money. 3) Tears appeared
32、 in her eyes, but he didnt notice it. 4) Spring came and the trees turned green.第54页/共97页 5) She must be ill, for she didnt come to school this morning. 6) He found nobody in the room, so he went away. 7) He is old, yet he is still active in his work. 8) The composition is all right; however there i
33、s room for improvement.第55页/共97页 9) He was very tired, and therefore he fell sound asleep.10) We must hurry, or well be late.11) Either he is wrong or you are wrong.12) He doesnt know her, nor do I.13) Not only was my mother angry, but my father also.第56页/共97页十一. 复合句结构1.主语从句结构：1）连接代词/副词+从句+主句谓语部分= I
34、t +主句谓语部分+连接代词/副词+从句 (常用连词 that; whether; who; whom; whose; which; when; where; why; how)第57页/共97页e.g. 1) That we love peace is known to all. =It is known to all that we love peace. 2) Whether we can solve the difficulty still remains a question. =It still remains a question whether we can solve the
35、 difficulty.第58页/共97页 3) Whose composition is better is hard to say. =It is hard to say whose composition is better. 4) Where well spend the summer holidays has not been decided. =It hasnt been decided where well spend the summer holidays.第59页/共97页2）What+主语和及物动词谓语+主句谓语部分e.g. (1) What he said is not
36、true. (2) What we are doing is for building socialism. 第60页/共97页 Whoever3） Whatever + 主语从句 + 主句谓语部分 Whichever e.g. (1) Whoever wants to go may go at once. (2) Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.第61页/共97页 happened seems 4）It + is a pity + that-clause is said is reported第62页/共97页e.g. (
37、1) It happened that he was ill when we found him. (2) It seems that she doesnt like her job. (3) Its a pity that she has gone abroad. (4) It is said / reported that our womens football team had won again.第63页/共97页 2.表语从句结构 that 连词 if 主语 + whether + clause 连接代词( who; whom; which; what） 连接副词(when; whe
38、re; why; how)第64页/共97页e.g. 1) His suggestion is that we go to Beijing to spend our holidays. 2) That is just what he wants. 3) The question is who will have a try first. 4) That is why the bat never fly out in the daytime. 5) The problem is whether we can find each other at the station.第65页/共97页3. 宾
39、语从句结构1) S. + vt. + that-clause e.g. I wish I could enter college. The king replied that he would set him free.2) S. + vt. + if / whether-clause e.g. The teacher asked if anyone was absent. I wonder whether he will come ( or not ). 第66页/共97页3) S. + vt. + 连接代词/副词 + clause e.g. He asked which exercise
40、is the most difficult. No one knows what they are fighting about. 4) S. + vt. + sb. + 连接代词/副词 + clause e.g. He didnt tell me where he lived. Didnt she tell you when we should start?第67页/共97页5) 主谓结构 + prep. + clause e.g. She should be praised for what she has done. The boss paid the workers according
41、 to how much they had done for him.第68页/共97页6) S. + vt. + to短语 + that-clause e.g. He explained to us that he had failed to catch the first bus.7) S. + vt. + it + adj. / n. + clause e.g. We felt it strange that she could leave without saying good-bye. We thought it a shame that they fought each other
42、 in class.第69页/共97页4. 定语从句结构1) 主句主语 + 关系代词/副词 + clause + 主句谓语 e.g. The man who is standing by the door is our English teacher. The watch (which / that ) I bought yesterday is made in Swiss. The days when we were cheated are gone for ever. 第70页/共97页2) 主句 + 关系代词/副词+ clause e.g. This is the girl whose
43、father died in the flood. Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party.3) 主句中的被修饰词 + prep. + 关系代词 + clause e.g. The earth on which we live is a big ball. We visited the house in which chairman Mao once lived.第71页/共97页4)非限定性定语从句：which who 主句中的被修饰词 + , + whom + clause whose + n. where第72页/共97页e.g.
44、 Wang Hais father, who works in Nanjing, has come back home. We visited the industrial exhibition, where we saw a lot of foreign guests. 第73页/共97页5. 状语从句结构：1)时间状语从句(1) conj. + clause + , + 主句 主句 + conj. + clause(用于此类从句的连词有：when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as) 第74页/共97页e.g. when
45、he saw his mother, the boy began to cry. Ill write to you as soon as I get there.第75页/共97页(2) S. + had no sooner + done + than + clause No sooner had + S. + done + than + clausee.g. The bell had no sooner rung than the teacher walked into the classroom. =No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher
46、walked into the classroom.第76页/共97页(3) Hardly + had + S. + done + when / before + clause S. + had + hardly + done + when / before + clause e.g. Hardly had I got home when / before it began to rain. =I had hardly got home when / before it began to rain. 第77页/共97页(4) Scarcely + had + S. + done + when
47、/ before + clause S. + had + scarcely + done + when / before + clause e.g. Scarcely had he got to bed when / before he fell to sleep. = He hadscarcely got to bed when / before he fell to sleep.第78页/共97页2) 地点状语从句主句+where(ever)+从句Where(ver)+从句+，+主句e.g. I lost my pen where I wrote my composition. Where
48、ver we are sent to work, we should work hard.第79页/共97页3）原因状语从句 Because / As / Since / Now that + 从句，+主句 主句 + because / as / since / now that + 从句e.g. He didnt go to the meeting because he was ill. As it is going to rain, youd better stay at home.第80页/共97页4）条件状语从句If / Unless / As long as + clause +,
49、+ 主句主句 + if / unless / as long as + 从句 e.g. You are sure to succeed if you work hard. As / So long as we keep calm, we can find a way out.第81页/共97页5）结果状语从句 主句 + that / so that + 从句 S. + v. + so + adj. / adv. + that-clause S. + v. + such (a) + adj. + n. + that-clause S. + v. + so + adj. (+ a ) + n. +
50、 that-clause第82页/共97页e.g. She is so kind to us that we all love her. He spoke so quickly that nobody could follow him. She gave us such an excellent lecture that everybody admired him. =She gave us so excellent a lecture that everybody admired him.第83页/共97页6）目的状语从句that so that主句 + in order that + 从句