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1、名词性从句综述名词性从句和名词一样，在句中可以担任主语、表语、宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）和同位语。因此我们说名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 名词性从句必须用陈述句语序, 也就是说 , ( 疑问词 ) + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它. 主语从句在复合句中作主语的句子称为主语从句, 从句作主语 , 谓语动词用单数；通常由从属连词 that, whether, 连接代词 who, whose, what, which, whatever （无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）或连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导。e
2、g.1)* Whether we can reduce the use of energy is important. 2)* That pollution has become a serious problem in parts of the world is known to everyone. 3) What is needed is greater safety. 4) Whoever breaks the rules must be punished. 5)* How life began remains a puzzle to us. 6) It is said that pap
3、er was first made in China. 7) It seems that he is older. 8) Its certain that the sports meeting will be delayed. 9) It doesnt matter if you have no time to do it. 注意： 1. 陈述句必须以 that 引导, 不能省略。2. 主语从句只能用 whether 引导，不能用 if引导。3. 常用 it作形式主语，代替真正的主语从句，但不能代替由what 引导的主语从句。4. 常用于 It + be + adj. / n. / + tha
4、t-clause It s certain / clear / a pity /a fact/ common knowledge/ said / hoped + that / whetherIt s natural/ strange/ necessary/ important that (should) 5.It doesnt matter if 是固定句型。6. 句型： It is required/ suggested/ insisted/ ordered that (should)+ do7.that 与 what 的区别：that 在从句中不充当任何成分，没有意思；what 在从句中充
5、当主语或宾语，意思是：（所）的 Practice: 他被选中了使我们很开心。她是否有时间来还是个问题。谁将被派去那儿还没有定下来。我们所需要的是更多的时间。他去了哪儿没人知道。表语从句精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后， 一般结构是 “主语连系动词表语从句” 。 可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等, 也由 that, whether, who, whose, what, which或 when, where, why, how等
6、引出。e.g. 1) My suggestion is that you (should) start it at once. 2) What they want to know is whether they are right. 3) That was how they were injured. 4) My hometown is no longer what it used to be. 注意： 1. 陈述句由 that 引导，一般不省略； 2. 疑问句只能用 whether 引导，不可用 if 。 Practice: 这正是我要的。问题是这个工作是否值得做。这就是他出生的地方。那就是
7、他为什么迟到的原因。这就是他怎样做这件事的。同位语从句在句子中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般由连词that 引导，常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, discovery, information, word, message, thought, suggestion等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。eg. 1) The fact that he didnt come shows that he has broken his word. 2) Soon word came that they should announce th
8、e results of the exam. 3) You have no idea how worried I was then. = You dont know how worried I was then. 注意：1. 同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者起补充说明作用，that 是连词，在从句中不充当句子成分，不省略; 后者起修饰作用， that是关系代词（还可以由别的关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句），在从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。e.g. 1) The news that they had won the battle soon spread over the whole cou
9、ntry. ( 同位语从句 ) 2) The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. (定语从句) 2. 同位语从句也可由连接代词who ， which， what 和连接副词 where， when ， why，how等引导。The question who should do the work requires consideration. We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. It s a qu
10、estion how he did it. Practice: 我们已经听到了我们队赢了的消息。他什么也没说这个事实使每个人惊讶。他们没有他是否还活着的信息。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用的从属句称为宾语从句。1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由 that 引导的宾语从句（ that 通常可以省略） , 例如：I heard that be joined the army. She suggested ( that ) he do it at once. (2) 由 what, whether
11、 (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. It depends on whether we will go. 3. 作形容词的宾语例
12、如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作
13、为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. We think it possible that the price will rise. 注意： 1. 关系词 that 常可以省略 ; 2. 介词宾语用 whether, 不用 if; 3. find / make / see / hear / feel / think + it + adj. / n. + that 句型中 , it 作形式宾语 , that引导真正的宾语从句 , 不能省 ; 4. 若主句
14、谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont think (that) the film is interesting. I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。5. be sure / certain / glad / afraid / sorry / pleased + that 句型中 , that 可以省 ; 6. what is /
15、 was the matter /wrong with sb作宾语从句 , 不改变语序 ; Who knows what is the matter / wrong with him? 7. 有两个或两个以上宾语从句时, 第二个和第二个以后的从句必须用that引导. She said she was pleased at her victory and that she would work harder. 另外，在名词性从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页1主语从句What
16、ever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句的区分。whatever 相当于 anything that, 是 what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么” 。例如： Whatever she does is ridiculouswhoever 相当于 anyone who, 是 who 的强调形式，表示“无论谁；任何的人” 。例如： Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a coldwhichever “无论哪个 ; 无论哪些” , 既指人 , 也指物 ; 可以单独使用 , 可以修饰名词 , 也可以后跟 of
17、短语。例如： Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us2表语从句reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用 why 引导, 但 reason 后面的定语从句可以用 why 或者 that 引导。例如：The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied3同位语从句能跟同位语从句的名词。idea, fact, news, hope, b
18、elief, thought, doubt 等名词后面 , 可以跟 that或者连接代词、 连接副词引导的同位语从句。 同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进一步的解释 , 说明前面的名词的具体含义。例如：We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their ownThey expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词 , 可以引导定语从句 , 充当句子成分 , 在从句中作宾语时可以省略 ; that引导同位语
19、从句时 , 起连词的作用 , 没有实际意义，不充当句子成分, 一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句 : The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good. （that 引导定语从句 , 作宾语 , 可以省略）The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good. （that 引导同位语从句）I had no idea that you were here.（that 引导同位语从句 , 不能省略）Have you got th
20、e idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece? （that 引导定语从句 , 作宾语 , 可以省略）高中英语名词性从句九大高考热点分析名词性从句九大高考热点分析名词性从句包括主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句。 因为它是从句，因此具有句子的结构特点（即有一套主谓成份）；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在复合句中作主语、 宾语、表语或同位语。 名词性从句是中学英语学习的重点，也是高考的主要考点之一。我们必须弄懂和掌握以下热点问题。一、连接词 what 与 that 的用法区别引导主、宾、表语从句时， what 要充
21、当主语、 宾语或表语等句子成分， that精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如_ we can t get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语， 可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。又如：_ caused the accident is still a complete my
22、stery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 解析：该题答案是A，what 在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused 的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 二、 连接词 whether 和 if的用法区别通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether ，不用 if ；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说 if or not 。例如：_
23、 the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 解析：试题中的从句位于句首， 不难知道这是一个主语从句， 所以答案是 C。但是在宾语从句中表达“是否”既可用if也可用 whether。三、 名词性从句的语序与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。例如: No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look lik
24、e C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 解析：由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能是A。又如：You can t imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 解析：答案是 B。同时还须注意， 从句的引导词必须始终置于句首，而且 how和被修饰的词 excit
25、ed不能分裂开。四、 形式主语、形式宾语当主语从句较长， 而谓语较短时， 常常将从句后置， 而用 it作为形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。例如 : _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有that- 从句（逻辑主语），可见这里应该用形式主语 it,所以答案是 D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等动词后常带复合宾语。例如：Many
26、 people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen. 五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别一般说来， what/who 等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever 等含泛指意义，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页意为“无论什么 / 无论谁” 。例如：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or
27、 she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 解析：答案是 B，whatever 引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants 的宾语。这里的 whatever 不能改成 what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/ 她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever 也不能改用 no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如：_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. An
28、yone D. Whoever 解析：答案是 D，whoever 意为“无论谁”，表泛指。比较下例：I can t remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）六、 Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。例如： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B.
29、 when C. that D. where 解析：答案是 A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选 why，而不是 when或 where 等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。又如（ MET94 ） ；Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he came by car. A. How B. when C. that D. if 解析：答案是A，从答语“he came by car ”可知这里问的是“ he”来的方式，所以用 how引导。七 “介词 +who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom ”引导的定语从句的区
30、别介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 解析：答案是 A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of 宾语的，是后面的整个句子， 而不是宾语从句的引导词， 由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格 who （作宾语时自然要用whom ） 。比较下例：Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have recei
31、ved higher education at home. 这是一个“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句； 引导定语从句的是 “most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词of 的宾语，所以要用宾格 whom 。 （注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。）八、连接词 that 的省略引导宾语从句时， that 通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that 不能省。例如：Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _ our country 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名
32、师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that 解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用 that 引导；又因引导宾语从句时that 可以省略， 所以答案是C。九、同位语从句引导词where, when 的用法特点说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较：Then ar
33、ose the question _ we were to get so much money. This the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago. A. where B. that C. about which D. in which 解析：答案分别是 (1) A (2) A/D。先行词与 where, when 概念一致时，是定语从句，（2）中的 house 与 where 同表地点，且这个关系副词where 或 when可以用“介词 +which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和 D 都可以引导。（1）题中的que
34、stion 与 where不表同一概念， 可见是同位语从句， 所以 where 不能改用“介词+which”的形式。名词性从句主要起名词所起的作用，它包括主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到， 并且每年的命题各有变化， 但仔细分析高考试题不难看出，这一部分内容主要从以下几个方面进行考查：【考点 1】对“介词 +宾语从句”的考查 ( 下划线为正确答案 ) 【考例】1.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.( 2006重庆) Awhy
35、Bwhat Cwho Dthat 2.You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.（2007安徽） A. that B. what C. which D. 不填3. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （2006辽宁）A. if B. where C. whether D. that 【解析】以上考例均考查的是名
36、词性从句中“介词+宾语从句”的用法，考例1中，why=the reason why ，on 是介词表示 关于，此句意为 :marry 写了一篇有关为什么这支队伍内能赢这场比赛的文章，故选A；考例 2 中 be sure of后应紧跟“事情”，及确定介词 of 后接的是名词性从句，what=the things that,可转换成 be sure of the things that you have at present.此句译为：你只能确定目前多拥有的事物，却不能确定将来会得到的事物；考例3“the question of ”指“ . 的问题” ，of 后接的是问题的具体内容，此句译为：我们
37、尚未解决他是否有必要出国学习的问题。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页【透视】一般情况系介词后只能用wh- 类连接词引导的宾语从句，如：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 【注意】if 和 whether 在宾语从句中的用法区别： 1) 介词后一般不用 if引导宾语，如： I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.2)不定式前之用 whether ，如： I
38、wonder whether to say for anther hour or just start off right away.3)有些句子常用whether 而不用 if ，如：Let me know whether you can come.(告诉我你能否来 )；如果改成 if ，Let me know if you can come。可译为：如果你能来，就告诉我。【比较】 ：A. Why are you late for school today? （疑问句）B. Why (=the reason why) I am late for school is that the bus
39、was late. （名词性从句）【高考变式题】1.We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. （2006四川）A. that B. as C. why D. when 2. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for.（2007江苏）A. what B. why C. how D. whether 3. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had
40、failed to win the game . (2005 全国) Awhy Bwhat Cwho Dthat 参考答案： CAA 【考点 2】用 it 代替主语从句或宾语从句【考例】 _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.（2005上海）A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 【解析】 ：首先看到这个句子没有主语和谓语，只有一个以 that
41、引导的从句， 应为 that 引导的从句与前面的regulations一词没有关系，所以 that 引导的不是定语从句而是名词性从句，根据我们所学的知识可知：that引导名词性从句放在句子的后面时，引导的是主语从句，此时that 从句作真正的主语， it作形式主语，所以去掉答案 a 和 b；此外根据句子意思可知 “it ”在规章制度里是 “被”要求，因而用被动态，故选c。【透视】为了使句子保持平衡，常用形式主语 it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词 that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但 what ，whatever ，whoever，whichever
42、 引导的主语从句一般不后置。【高考变式题】1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full （2003全国）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页 Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem 2. worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. (2007山东) AThis BThat CWhat D It 3. .I dont mind her criticizing me, but _is how she does it that I object to.（2007全国）A .it B. that C. this D. which 4. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （2006浙江）A. As B. That C. This D. It 参考答案： ADAD 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页