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1、学习必备欢迎下载高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十三：虚拟语气与情态动词情态动词和虚拟语气是高考重要考点，20XX 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲附录语法项目表中列出了虚拟语气以及情态动词。20XX 年高考全国卷第79 题（短文改错）考查了情态动词must 后面接动词原形。20XX 年高考全国卷没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。20XX 年高考全国卷没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。知 识 框 架虚拟语气三大板块含有条件状语从句的复合句名词性从句宾语从句S.+wish（would rather ）+宾语从句S.+suggest（demand ）+宾语从句主语从句It is + adj./p.p/n.+ t
2、hat+ S+ (should) +do 表语从句S.+ is that +s. + (should) +do 同位语从句S.+that +s. +(should) +do 定语从句It is high/about time that +s.+ should do sth.(did sth) 两种形式1.时态后退型用一般过去表示现在用过去完成表示过去用过去将来表示将来2.should+动词原形型精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载一. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以 do为例 ;S=主语 )例如 : If
3、 I were you, I would apply for the job. If I had the money, I would buy it. If I were given another chance ， I would do it better. If I had taken your advice, I would have made great progress. If it had not been for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work so easily. If it should rain tomorrow,I
4、would stay at home all day. If you were to come tomorrow,I could wait for you at home. 注意： 在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词if，而将谓语中的were，had 或 should 等移至主语之前构成倒装句。例如：Were I you, I would apply for the job. Had I taken your advice, I would have made great progress. Should it rain tomorrow,I would stay at home all day
5、. 二、错综时间的条件句虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。例如：If you hadnt watched TV yesterday, you wouldnt be so sleepy now. （从句 yesterday说明过去，主句now 说明现在）If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. （从句说明过去，主句说明将来。 ）If you hesitated this moment, you might s
6、uffer in the future. （从句说明现在， 主句说明将来）三、含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句有三种情况：1条件暗含在单词短语中：常见介词有with 假如有 , without 假如没有 , but for 要不是因为；连词有 or/ otherwise（前句用陈述语气，后句用虚拟）；but（前句为虚拟，后句陈述）例如：He would not get such a result without your help. (条件暗含在介词短语without your help= if you hadn t hel
7、ped him中) 时间条件状语从句主 句现在If +S+did (were) S+would/should/could/might +do 过去If +S+had done S+would/should/could/might + have done 将来did(were) If+S should do were to do S+would/should/could/might +do 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载But for you, I could not be recovered so
8、 soon. (条件暗含在But for you= If you hadnt helped me 中) He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.( 暗含条件是连词or；后句为虚拟 ) I would have been to your place, but I was really too busy. =I was really too busy, or/ otherwise I would have been to your place. She was ill, otherwise she woul
9、d have been present at the meeting. （条件通过连词otherwise/ or 表示出来If she had not been ill. ）2条件可根据上下文推理出They could have won.( 条件可能是if they had been patient ) Such mistakes could have been avoided.（条件可能是if you had been more careful ）Why didnt you tell me about it I should have helped you. （条件可能是if you had
10、 told me about it）- Did you go to see him yesterday? - I would have, but someone come to visit me. （条件是if no one had come to visit me ）3条件用其他形式来表示Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do? （用 suppose/ supposing/ providing 等词表示 if ）To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well.（不定式有假
11、设的意思，相当于If you should talk with her. ）Left to himself, he could not have finished the work. （动词的 -ed 形式表示条件If he had been left to himself. ）二. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中sb. did（were）（表现在）1. wish+that sb. had done （表过去）sb. would/could do（表将来）例如：I wish I knew his address. I wish he hadnt been rude to his parents. He
12、 wishes we would go with him. 2.would rather 后的从句要用虚拟语气。例如：I d rather you posted the letter right away. ( 现在 ) I d rather I hadnt said such unkind things to you. （过去）Id rather you came here for the answer tomorrow . （将来）3. 表示 “ 坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令” （“ 坚决要命 ” ）等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从时 间从 句对现在的虚拟were, did (一般过去时 )
13、对过去的虚拟had done (过去完成时 ) 对将来的虚拟were, did (一般过去时 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载句， 谓语用 shoulddo， should 可省略 (注意：被动语态用should+be+done)。 这类词有： insist，suggest，advise，recommend，propose，decide，determine，demand，request，require，desire，order，command 等。例如：The expert proposed t
14、hat TV should be turned off at least one hour every day. Experiments demand that accurate measurements be made. She insisted that we should take up the matter at the meeting. 注意：1. suggest 表示 “ 暗示、表明 ” 时，用陈述语气。2. insist 表示 “ 坚持说、坚持认为（某个事实）” 时，用陈述语气。例如：Your pale face suggests that you are ill. He ins
15、isted that he hadnt stolen the money.三. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that 等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should do，should 可省略。(注意：被动语态用should+be+done)。It +be 可用的词有三类that S+(should) do suggested， ordered ， required ，proposed ， demanded,requested，insisted 等（ “ 坚决要命 ” ）important, necessary, natural,
16、 strange等a pity, a shame, no wonder 等例如：It is required that the students should not use mobile phones in their school. It s necessary that college students should master at least one foreign language. 四虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。表示 “ 坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令” （“ 坚决要命 ” ）等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需 用 虚 拟 语 气 ， 其 表 达 形 式 为should do， sho
17、uld 可 以 省 略 (注 意 ： 被 动 语 态 用should+be+done)。 这类名词常见的有：advice， suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation 等。例如：He gave orders that the work (should) be started at once. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should ) be put off五虚拟语气用在表语从句中。表示 “ 坚持、建议、决定、要求
18、、命令” （“ 坚决要命 ” ）等主观意向的的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should do，should 可省略 (注意：被动语态用should+be+done)这类名词主要有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal,demand,desire, request, requirement, recommendation 等。例如：My suggestion is that the mayor (should) present the prizes. His plan is that he should pass the exam first
19、. 六虚拟语气用在定语从句中It is（about/high）timethat sb.did sth/should do sth. （注意：本句型中should 不可省略）例如：Its about time that we went home. It s high time that we should go home. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载注： 在 It/This/That +be+ the first timesecond time that 句型中，从句中谓语动词用完成时态。例如：
20、This is the first time that I have visited Hongkong. That was the third time that he had made the same mistake. 七. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的、不用if 的条件状语从句中1在带有even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。例如：Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. I wouldnt buy it eve
21、n though I had money. 2.由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用 were)或 “had 十过去分词 ” 。例如：He treated me as if I were a stranger. She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 3虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得） ，for fear that 及 in case 引导的目的状语从句中。在由lest 等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“ 以防，以免 ” 等意思，其谓语动词多由
22、“ should 动词原形 ” 构成， should 也可省略。例如：He was punished lest he should make the same mistake againHe handled the instrument with care for fear (that) it should be damaged. Take some more money with you in case you should need it. He can use the car on condition that he should return it tomorrow. 八虚拟语气用情感
23、语言中If only sb./sth. + 时态后退型的谓语。例如：If only you were here now. If only I had known the result of the examination. 九情态动词+have done 的其他用法1.must have done ：肯定 /一定做过（某事） 。例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. You must have been mad to speak to such a fool. His i-phone must have been st
24、olen by someone,he could t find it anywhere.2.can t/couldn t have done:不可能做过（某事） ；一定没做过（某事） 。例如：I didn t see her in the meeting room this morning. She couldnt have attended the meeting. He cant have gone abroad，I saw him a moment ago. 3.may/might /could have done:可能做过（某事） 。例如：He may/could have broke
25、n up with his girlfriend. He might have given you help, even though he was busy.4.may/might not have done：可能没做过（某事） 。例如：He may not have seen that film. They may not have known it beforehand. 5.should have done/ought to have done ：本来应该做某事（而没做）。例如：You should have finished your work on time. I ought to
26、 have gone home last Sunday. 6.should t have done/ought t to have done：本不应该做某事（而做了）。例如：You shouldn t have put your book on the bed. He oughtt to have blamed you,its not your fault.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载7.could have done：本来可以做某事（而没做）。例如：You could have passed
27、the exam,you were too careless. He could have worked in Wuhan after graduation,but he decided to work in the remote countryside. 8.needn t have done：本来没必要做某事（而做了）。例如：You neednt have come so early. You neednt have taken my umbrella on such a fine day. 9.would have done ：本来会做某事；就已经.例如：He would have co
28、me to help me ,but he was too busy then. If I had taken your advice, I would have made great progress. 高考短文改错及语法填空分析与训练 虚拟语气与情态动词考点规律分析：短文改错及语法填空对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查主要涉及情态动词的选择、情态动词的否定表达、情态动词后面接动词原形、should+动词原形构成的虚拟语气以及时态后退型的虚拟语气。虚拟语气短文改错及语法填空真题训练：1(2016 全国，阅读 A)When Sandra Day O Connor finished third in h
29、er class at Stanford Law School in 1952, she _not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. 2(2016 全国，短文改错)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. 3(2016 全国，短文改错)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 4(2016 北京，31)I love the weekend, because I_get up e
30、arly on Saturdays and Sundays. 5(2016 浙江， 17)George _(go) too far .His coffee is still warm. 6(2015 北京， 29)Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home alone. 7(2015 浙江， 4)It was so noisy that we _ not hear ourselves speak. 8(2015 重庆， 12)You _ be Carol.You ha
31、vent changed a bit after all these years. 9(2015 陕西， 21)You _feel all the training a waste of time ，but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it. 10 (2015 四川， 2)You _ be careful with the camera.It costs! 11 (2015 福建， 27)Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh, its too ba
32、d.You _ have made full preparations. 12 (2015 天津， 7)I _have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 13 (2014 北京， 27)_ I have a word with you? It wont take long. 14 (2014 湖南， 25)Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. Do you mean we_ (not)bring
33、anything with us? 15 (2014 江苏， 31)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_bring me food. 16 (2014 江西， 30)Life is unpredictable ；even the poorest _become the richest. 虚拟语气短文改错专项训练：1. It is high time that you leave for Shanghai. 2. She suggests that her brother not goes to college. 3. The judge
34、 insisted that the spy was put in prison. 4. How I wish I am as strong as you. 5. It is necessary that the patient is sent to hospital right away. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载6. If he hadn t been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now. 7. If I am yo
35、u, I would give him a good beating. 学习札记 ：虚拟语气短文改错及语法填空真题训练：I.1 could根据句意：当桑德拉在法律学习毕业之后，因为她是女人，没能在法律公司找到工作。 2chose choose 考查动词原形。根据语法知识可知，情态动词can 后要用动词原形。 3 去掉 can 或 can should考查固定表达。 suggest表示 “ 建议 ” ， 后面的宾语从句要用should do 形式， should 可以省略，故答案有两种改法。 4needn t 考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。 5can t hav
36、e gone考查情态动词。 句意： 乔治不可能已经走得太远。他的咖啡温乎。can t have done表示对过去否定的推测，意为“ 不可能做了 ” 。 6.must句意： 你不能再多待一会儿吗？ 天要黑了， 我真的现在必须走了，我的女儿独自呆在家里。must 必须。 7could句意：太吵闹了，我们连自己说的话都听不到。can/could 表示 “ 能力，能够 ” 。根据前面的was 可知，此处要用过去时could。 8must句意：你一定是Carol，这些年以来你一点都没变。must 一定，表示推测，符合句意。 9may句意：你也许会认为所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百的保证你以后会
37、感激你所做的事情。考查情态动词。 根据后文的描述可以看出此处培训还没有结束，是一种不肯定的推测语气。 10 must考查情态动词。句意：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。 11should句意： 很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。 噢，真是太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。考查情态动词have done的意义。根据上句的面试又失败了，可知是对过去事实的虚拟。should have done 本应该做但是没有做。 12 neednt句意：在来到新学校前我本不必担心，因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。考查情态动词。neednt have done.本不必做的事做了。 13 C
38、an14.neednt15.should16.might 虚拟语气短文改错专项训练：1. leave 改为 left。It is time 后面的从句动词要用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式。2. goes改为 go。suggest表示 “ 建议 ” ，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。谓语动词用原形。3. was 改为 be。宾语从句要用虚拟语气。4. am 改为 were。wish 后面的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。5. 第二个 is 改为 be。主语从句要用虚拟语气。6. will 改为 would 。此处要用虚拟语气。7. am 改为 were。这是一个与现在情况相反的一个假设，要用虚拟语气。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页