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1、1 必修 5 Unit1 Great scientists Part 1. Warming up 1. explain 及物动词 vt.解释 ;说明 ;阐明 (+to)+wh-+(that) He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。Can you explain how the machine operates? 你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗? Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。不及物动词vi.解释 ;说明 ;辩白Ive got to explain about it. 我得解
2、释一下此事。2. characteristic n. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj. 独特的I heard my friend s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 如此迟钝是他的特性。3. Who put forward a theory about black holes? put forward 提出建议等 ；提名 ;提前，把时钟往前拨He put forward
3、 a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席？归纳拓展 put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上put away 收好选词填空put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out The plan that you _ at the meeting is wonde
4、rful. Many tall buildings were _ along the road. Firefighters have been called to _ the fire in the city center. He has a little money to _ for a rainy day. Don t _ until tomorrow what can be done today.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientif
5、ic research how to prove a new idea 为“疑问词 +不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。We haven t decided where to go. 我们还没有决定去哪里。The question is when to leave. 问题是什么时候动身。2.draw a conclusion 得出结论1）conclusion 作名词，意为“ 结束，结论 ” come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 最后精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -
6、- - - -第 1 页，共 6 页2 I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。2conclude 作动词， “ 结束；断定；决定” 。to conclude作插入语最后,作为总结 (= to sum up) To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us. 3John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended Q
7、ueen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰 斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生 他确实医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。3.expert n. 专家，能手an expert in psychology 心理学an agricultural expert adj. 熟练的，有专门技术的an expert job 需专门知识的工作He is expert in / at cooking. attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料 be present at参加 attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting at
8、tend to (on): to look after, care for, serve 伺候 , 照顾，看护The queen had a good doctor attending on her. Dr Smith attended her in hospital. Mother had to attend to her sick son. attend to 处理，注意倾听Can you attend to the matter immediately? I may be late I have got one or two things to attend to. 4. But he
9、became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。(1) exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“ 患霍乱的 ” 。如：The book written by Luxun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。(2) expose 暴
10、露expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。揭露 He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，显露expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a frau
11、d 揭穿骗局练习： The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 5. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。neither.nor.既不 也不，连接句中两个相同成分。 I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
12、 我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。 Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会参加下星期的会议。 Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film. Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film. 吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。cure vt. 治疗 ,治愈 ,改正n. 治疗 ,治愈 ,治疗法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页3
13、 cure sbof sth治好了某人的.,.) The only way to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的唯一方法是休息。When I left the hospital I was completely cured. That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness forever. 那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治. a cure for sth.治疗 的方法 ;解决问题，改善困境Is there a certa
14、in cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法? The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices. 6.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。(1)本句为复合句， “ So many thousands of terrified people died” 为主句，every ti
15、me 引导时间状语从句，意思是 “ 每当 ” 。(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time，each time，the last time， next time，the moment，the minute， immediately ， instantly 等。 Every time/Each time I express an opinion ，she argues back. 每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。 I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediate
16、ly I arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。 The last time I saw him ，he was quite well. 我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。 Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你见到你父亲时，请代我向他致以最好的问候。拓展延伸 (1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而the first time 是连词，引导时间状语从句。(2)It is the first time that. 如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，则
17、从句动词用过去完成时 . (3)It s (high) time that.从句动词用过去时或should动词原形。Its high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒
18、的受害人。suggest v. 建议；暗示；说明suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth. May suggested a picnic at the weekend. He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall. He suggested us visiting the Great Wall. I suggested leaving early for the airport. He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall. She su
19、ggested that her father (should) give up smoking. *suggest (暗示，说明 )+从句不用虚拟语气。The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me. The look on his face suggested that he was happy. 8.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
20、absorb vt.(1)专注，聚精会神精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页4 be absorbed input one s heart into 集中精力做某事I was absorbed in a book and didn t hear your call. 我正专心看书，没听到你的。Absorbed in his work ，Tom simply forgot food and sleep. 汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。 2吸收，把 吸收入 absorb.into.Black cloth absorb
21、s light. 黑布吸收光线。The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。9.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰 斯诺推
22、测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。suspect vt. 认为，疑心常用短语： suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth. They suspect him to be the murderer.(他们疑心他是凶手) She suspected him of taking her money. n. 嫌疑犯 ;可疑分子 C 10 .,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. severe adj. 严厉地；苛刻的；严格的be seve
23、re with/on 对.严格 /严厉You are too severe on the boy. 剧痛的；剧烈的；严重的a severe attack of toothache 牙痛的剧烈发作adv. severely 11.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 接下来，约翰 斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。Look into 调查，了解，研究；朝里面看与 ones face/eyes等连用，表示“注视”He looks into her face with great interes
24、t.他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。和 look 组成的其他短语look around/about 环顾四周look after 照顾；照料look back 回头看look back on 回忆；回想look down upon 轻视，瞧不起look for 寻求；寻找look forward to (doing) 盼望look on 旁观look on/upon.as 把看作look out 往外看；注意；留神look through 浏览look up 抬头看；查看look up to sb. 尊敬 /仰慕某人12. It seemed that the water was to blame.
25、看来要归罪于饮用水了。blame v. 责备；谴责；把 归咎于n. 过失；责备 ;(过失、过错等 )责任 blame sb. for sth. / doing sth. 为某事责备某人/ 责备某人做了某事They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人The police blamed the traffic accident on jack s careless driving. be to blame for(doing)sth 因 (做)某事某人应
26、该受到谴责；注意:be to blame 应受责备主动表被动 ；应负责任The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. accept / bear / take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页5 He is ready to take the blame for what had happened. put / lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人13.In ano
27、ther part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。link vt. 连接；联系n. 环；连接；联系；纽带14.A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered
28、to her house every day.一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。15. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. 利用这个额外证据，约翰 斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。announce vt. (1)宣布，宣告 (决定、计划等) announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人 )宣布、通告某事announce that.宣布 ；通知 It is
29、announced that.据宣布 Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow. 请通知你们班明天不上学。It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon.据官方消息称， 他不久将再次来中国访问。(2)(事情 )显示 ；预告The bright flowers announced that spring was here. 鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经来到。拓展延伸 announcement n宣布；
30、口头通知announcer n.播音员make an announcement 下通知16.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰 斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。prevent/stop.(from) doing sth. 或 keep.from doing sth. 意为 “ 阻止 做某事 ” What can we do to prevent the disease spre
31、ading.我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？We should take measures to prevent the river from being polluted further. 我们应该采取措施阻止这条河受到进一步的污染。examine v. 检查；细查；诊察; 审问；盘问The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him. The lawyer examined the witness. examination n. 考试；检查；细查take an examination 参加
32、考试medical examination 体检under examination 在检查中；在审查中17. Finally “King Cholera ” was defeated.“ 霍乱王 ” 终于被击败了。辨析 win, beat 与 defeat win “ 赢得 ” 赛事、战事、某物；beat “ 战胜 ”“击败 ” 比赛中的对手，可与defeat 互换We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores. They won the battle but lost many men. The local ball team won the state
33、 championship by beating / defeating all the other teams. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页6 Part 3. Learning about Language 1. take in 收留；包括take 相关短语：take after 相似take apart把( 小型机器、钟表等)拆开 ; 拆散take away 拿走take back承认说错了 ( 话), 收回 ( 诺言 , 话语 ) ；使回忆起；送回, 还回去 ; 退( 货) take off 脱下 ,
34、脱去 ( 尤指衣服 ); 解( 拿) 掉 -put on (反义词 ) ；( 飞机等 ) 升空 , 起飞take on雇用；开始具有/ 呈现 ( 某种品质、面貌等); 露出；接受 ( 工作等 ); 承担 ( 责任等 ) take out带 ( 某人 ) 去( 某处参加社交活动等) ；正式取得 , 领得 , 获得；洗去 ( 污迹 ), 使褪色take over 接手 , 接任 ; 接管take up 开始花时间从事( 某项活动 ); 对产生兴趣; 开始学习 ( 某课程 ), 选修； ( 事物或事件 ) 占用了( 时间或空间 ) ；接受的建议；继续take for granted 想当然认为 (会
35、是某种情况),认为 是理所当然的;认为没有问题take for instance / example 以 为例take into account / consideration 考虑到 ,把 考虑进去take pride in / be proud of 为 感到自豪 / 骄傲take revenge on 向. 报复take ones place 代替某人take the opportunity 利用这个时机take turns 轮流 (做某事 )2. construction n.建设；建筑业；建造He works in construction industry. 他在建筑行业工作。Th
36、ere are two new hotels under construction. 有两家新饭店正在兴建。词组扩展： construction workers 建筑工人under construction 正在建设中3.apart from有两种含义：1相当于besides.意为“除以外还包括”Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well. 除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。2相当于except.意为“除以外不包括”I like all the subjects apart from English. 除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页