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1、Section Grammar时间状语从句和省略语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.“The moment I heard it，”he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”The first time that rap artists recorded their music，musicians recorded the backing tracks (the music without
2、 the singing) in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later.No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.Do you want to go to the movie tonight？I hope to (go to the movie).While (I was) at college，I began to know him，a strange but abl
3、e student.1.句中黑体部分在句中引导的是时间状语从句，句为省略句。2.句为no sooner.than./hardly.when.句式，表示“一就”，且no sooner/hardly位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。3.句是不定式的省略，省略了to后面的动词(短语)。4.句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中包含be动词的某种形式，可以将从句的主语和be动词同时省略。一、时间状语从句在复合句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。时间状语从句常用when，while，as，until，since或表示时间意义的名词短语等引导。1when，while，as的用法连词用法when从句谓语用
4、延续性动词和非延续性动词均可，主、从句谓语表示的动作可同时或先后发生while从句谓语用延续性动词表示两个延续性动作同时发生且具有对比意味，或一个动作发生在另一个动作进行的过程中as强调主、从句动作同时发生表示“一边一边”之意He was nine when his father died.他父亲去世时他才九岁。Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.杰克正在实验室里工作，这时突然停电了。They arrived while we were having dinner.他们到时我们正在吃晚饭。While I played
5、the piano，my sister did her homework.我弹钢琴的时候姐姐在做作业。As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。I saw my mother as I was getting off the bus.我下公共汽车的时候看见了我妈妈。名师点津when在be about to do.when.，be doing.when.，had done.when.，be on ones way.when.，be on the point of doing.when.等结构
6、中，作“正在那时”讲，表示某个动作正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。He was about to leave when someone knocked at the door.他刚要离开就有人敲门。即时演练1选词填空：when，while，asIts much easier to make friends when you have similar interests.While/When in Vienna he studied music.You will grow wiser as you grow older.2until，till的用法主句形式主句谓语意义肯定句用延续性动词意为
7、“直到为止”，表示主句中的动作到从句动作发生时结束否定句用短暂性动词意为“直到才”，表示主句中的动作到从句动作发生时开始He waited until she had finished speaking.他一直等到她讲完。You cant go home until you finish your work.工作完成后你才能回家。名师点津(1)置于句首或在强调句中时常用until，其他情况until和till可通用。Until you told me，I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我对此事才有所了解。(2)如果将“not until.”结构放在句首，那么主句要部分倒装。
8、Not until his bike looked almost new did he stop cleaning it.直到他的自行车看起来几乎像新的一样，他才停止擦洗。3before，since的用法(1)before意为“在之前”，置于主句前后均可。Before the sun sets，we must go home.太阳落山前，我们必须回家。如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“在之前”，而要译成“过了多久才，还未就”等。The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.斗争持续了4年北方才最
9、终获胜。He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎撞到我时才看见我。She left before I could have a word with her.我还没来得及和她说句话，她就离开了。before常用句型：It will be two years before he leaves the country.再过两年他才会离开这个国家。It was two years before he left the country.过了两年他才离开这个国家。(2)sincesince意为“自从”时，所引导的从句使用非延续性动词，主句使用完成时态。S
10、ince he graduated from college，he has worked in this city.大学毕业后，他便在这个城市工作。since的常用句型：It is five days since he came here.他来这儿5天了。It was three years since she had not lived in this city.她已有三年不住在这个城市了。即时演练2选词填空：since，beforeI have written home once since I came here.Time passed quickly and the winter ho
11、lidays had gone by before we knew it.4表示“一就”的引导词引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”之意的引导词有as soon as，immediately，directly，no sooner.than.，hardly.when.等。另外，名词短语the moment，the minute，the instant，the day(year)等均可用作连词来引导时间状语从句。As soon as the reporters know what to write about，they get down to work.记者们一知道他们要写什么东西，就着手工作了。Imm
12、ediately you begin to speak，he gives you his full attention.你只要一开始说话，他就会全神贯注地听。The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.我一听到声音，就知道是父亲来了。名师点津hardly.when，scarcely.when，no sooner.than引导时间状语从句时，主句使用过去完成时，从句使用一般过去时。如果hardly，no sooner，scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。即时演练3单句语法填空The moment Ive finishe
13、d reading your report，Ill give you an answer.The boy burst into tears immediately(immediate) he saw his mother.Hardly had he finished his speech when the students started cheering.5the first time，the last time等作连词引导时间状语从句the first time(第一次的时候)，the last time(上次的时候)，by the time(到的时候为止)，every/each time
14、(每次的时候)，next time(下次的时候)等也可作连词，引导时间状语从句。 Each time he went to Beijing，he would call on his former teachers.每次他去北京，都会去探望他以前的老师们。By the time you come here tomorrow，I will have finished this work.你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成这项工作了。The first time we met，we were at a party.第一次见面时，我们是在一个聚会上。名师点津by the time引导的时间状语从句中可用
15、一般现在时表示将来，此时主句应使用将来完成时；当从句中用一般过去时时，主句应使用过去完成时。即时演练4用所给词的适当形式填空Every time he passes(pass) the school，he will think of my first English teacher.The last time I visited(visit) her，she was studying at a medical college.By the time he was ten，he had studied(study) advanced math.二、省略为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句子中的一个或
16、几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。按照省略的部分可分为句子成分的省略和词的省略。1简单句及并列句中的省略省略成分情况说明 主语在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略谓语或谓语的一部分为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略表语答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语省略宾语省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略(I) Beg your pardon.请您原谅。/请再说一遍。Some of us study Japanese；others(study)English.我们
17、中有些人学习日语，有些人学习英语。Do you know Mr Li?I dont know(him)你认识李先生吗？我不认识。She washed(the shirt)，ironed(the shirt)，and folded the shirt.她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。Sorry，(youve dialed the)wrong number.对不起，你拨错号了。2复合句中的省略(1)主句中的省略常见于句首或回答问题时，只用从句。Why didnt you come to class yesterday?(I didnt come to class yesterday)Becaus
18、e I was ill.你昨天为什么没来上课？因为我病了。(2)宾语从句中的省略在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。(3)状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：在as，before，till，until，when，while等引导的
19、时间状语从句中。While(I was)walking along the street，I heard my name called.当我正沿街而行时，我听到有人叫我的名字。在though，although等引导的让步状语从句中。Though(they were)tired，they went on working.虽然累了，但他们继续工作。在if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中。You shouldnt come to his party unless(you are)invited.除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。在as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句中
20、。He did as(he was)told.他按要求去做了。名师点津在虚拟语气中，常省掉if，从句使用倒装句式。Were I you(If I were you)，I should give that guy a good lesson.如果我是你的话，我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。(4)定语从句中的省略一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。 The man (whom)you saw yesterday fell ill.你昨天见到的那个人病倒了。The man，whom you saw
21、 yesterday，fell ill.那个人病倒了，你昨天见到他了。 当先行词是way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用in which或that，也可以省略。 The way(in which/that)these comrades treat problems is wrong.这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。即时演练5在句中能省略的部分下面画线I believe that she will help you and that you will succeed.I believe that she will help you and that you will succeed
22、.Ill give you all that I have as long as you are happy.Ill give you all that I have as long as you are happy.Whenever it is possible，he will come to my help.Whenever it is possible，he will come to my help.3动词不定式中的省略动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况，一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。(1)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况一些表示心理活
23、动，情感态度的动词或短语，如expect，want，hope，wish，love，hate，decide，plan，mean，try，would like，be ready，be afraid，be glad等后，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。Will you go with me？Well，Id like to (go with you)你愿意和我一起去吗？嗯，我愿意(和你一起去)。不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个不定式。Youd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to(finish t
24、he job on time)如果他命令你，你最好按时完成工作。名师点津如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态，则需在to后加上be或have。Are you a lawyer?No，but I hope to be (a lawyer)你是律师吗？不是，但是我希望是。Have you been to the West Lake?I hope to have (been to the West Lake)你去过西湖吗？我希望去过(西湖)。(2)省略动词不定式符号to的情况动词不定式作感官动词feel，see，notice，watch，find，hear，listen to，observe和使役动
25、词have，make，let等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。We often hear him sing the song at home.He is often heard to sing the song at home.我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and，or，than，but连接时，从第二个不定式起，往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。 Shed like to take off her coat and have a break.她想脱去外套休息一会
26、儿。Its more difficult to do than to say.(强调语意前后对比)做比说难。在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。Why get so excited?为什么变得那么激动？名师点津but，except作介词，后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，反之则要带to。She could do nothing but cry.她除了哭什么也做不了。He has no choice but to leave.他别无选择只有离开。即时演练6单句改错They had seen her to grow up
27、 from childhood.去掉toThe teacher came not to punish you but help you.but后加toShe was made work for ten hours a day.work前加toI have no choice except accept his conditions.accept前加to.单句语法填空1When he comes，Ill tell him about it.2Great changes have taken place since you told me the technique of singing.3It
28、was 3 months before the book was published.4Ill trust you to behave responsibly while Im out.5As I grow older，I get more and more optimistic.6We didnt start until the sun rose in the east.7No sooner had the children heard the news than they jumped with joy.8Video games can be a poor influence if lef
29、t(leave) in the wrong hands.9While searching(search) for some information，we can operate by touching the screen.10Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?Id like to，but I promised Nancy to go out with her.单句改错(每句仅有1处错误)1It wont be half a year before she graduate from the school.grad
30、uategraduates2Mr.Smith lived in the city since 5 years ago.在lived前加has3I was reading while the light went out.whilewhen4The first time when I saw her，she was dancing.去掉when5While crossed the street，he was knocked down by a car.crossedcrossing或在crossed前加be6How time flies! It has been two weeks after
31、our winter vacation began.aftersince7By the time Jack returned home from England，his son graduated from college.graduated前加had8You shouldnt come to his party unless inviting.invitinginvited9It wont be long when we have the midterm examination.whenbefore10If it possible，why not meet in the hotel restaurant at nine tomorrow morning? 去掉it或it后加is