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1、Section Using Language.单词拼写根据汉语或者首字母提示，写出下列单词1You can take the subway(地铁)No.1 to get Tiananmen Square.2The story about their love has many different versions(版本)3The weather of today is rather(相当；颇)hot compared to this time last year.4Please try to practice the ability to guess the work according to
2、 the context(上下文；语境)5One had better see life in its various aspects when young.6Please come to my apartment for lunch after the meeting.7You can take the elevator right to the top of the building.8People are living longer nowadays，and they are better educated. .拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1origin n起源，起因orig
3、inal adj.最初的，原始的originate v创始，起源于2context n上下文，语境contextual adj.与上下文有关的3from v组成formation n组成，形成4tradition n传统traditional adj.传统的traditionally adv.根据传统.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1be known by为人所知2vice versa 反之亦然3be made up of 由组成4be different from 与不同5take.for example 以为例6as you can see 正如你所见7would rather 宁愿；更喜欢
4、8pick up 拾起；捡起；开车接；偶然获得.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1As you can see，we are low on cash these days so we have no more to lend.2He picked up some useful information while communicating with his customer.3Take traffic for example，many new overpasses being built proves the citys fast changes.4He would rather go th
5、ere by bus in such a hot day than stay at home.5The changes in the traffic rules do not seem to be known by the public.6If you lose control of your drinking, you lose control of your partying，vice versa7The medical team to Zanzibar in Tanzania was made up of nine people.8What he told me about the ac
6、cident was different from your description.方方面面大有不同every aspect of the subject学科的每个方面in some respects 在一些方面an expert in this field这方面(领域)的专家A is different from BA和B不同tell the differences between A and B辨别A和Btell A and B apart辨别A和B be made up of由组成(教材P17)And sometimes a word is made up of the first l
7、etters of several words.并且有时候一个单词由几个单词的首字母组成consist of由组成be composed of 由组成be made of 由材料制成be made from 由材料制成make up 编造；化妆；组成；占比例make up for 弥补New Zealand is made up of two islands，the larger of which is the South Island.新西兰主要由两个岛屿组成，其中较大的为南岛。The collection consists of/is made up of/is composed of t
8、hree parts：poems，essays and short stories.这本作品集是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分合编成的。We came into this field late, so we must work hard to make up for the lost time.我们涉足这一领域较晚，因此我们必须努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。Future buildings, roads, and cities may be made from garbage. 将来的建筑物、公路和城市都可能用垃圾建造。名师点津be made up of，be composed of 和consi
9、st of都是表示“由组成”，但是consist of 只能用主动，不可用于被动。be made of 和be made from都表示“由材料制成”，区别在于后者看不出原材料。 would rather宁愿；宁可(教材P18)And the Americans find the British spelling “re” does not match its pronunciation，so they would rather spell“re” as“er”并且美国人发现英式拼写“re”和他们的发音不匹配，所以他们宁愿把“re”拼写成“er”。(1)would rather do sth.
10、than do sth.would do sth.rather than do sth.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿，也不(2)would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事(3)would rather从句(4)rather than 而不是(5)or rather 更确切地说To be honest，I would rather have a quiet night in front of the TV.老实说，晚上我宁愿安静地看看电视。Id rather you hadnt told him the news tha
11、t day.我真希望你那天没有把消息告诉他。Facing up to your problems rather than running(run) away from them is the best approach to working things out.解决问题的最好的方法是面对它们而不是逃避它们。I think I understand what you are saying，or rather，I feel the truth of it.我认为我明白了你说的，或者更确切地说，我悟出了其中的真理。名师点津rather than常用于平行结构，即前后是相对等的成分。构词法语 境 自
12、 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1.For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting.2.While were doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea，airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we dont get homesick when we get back home.3.And speaking of home，why arent ho
13、mework and housework the same thing？4.If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？5.When we look out of the window and see rain or snow，we can say “its raining”or“its snowing”.6.When you see the capitalized “WHO”in a medical report, do y
14、ou read it as the “who” in “Whos that？”What about“IT”and“US”1.在例句1中的“sculpture”和“painting”都是名词，是动词“sculpt”和“paint”的派生词，分别加了名词后缀ure和ing。2.在例句2中，“seasick，airsick，carsick以及homesick”都是名词加上了形容词后缀sick组成的派生词。3.在例句3中，homework，housework分别是home，house加上work组成的合成词。4.在例句4中“harmless和harmful”以及“shameless和shameful”
15、都是由词性为名词的harm和shame加上了形容词后缀less或ful组成的派生词。5.在例句5中“rain”和“snow”在词性上既可以作动词也可以作名词。6.在例句6中“WHO”“IT”“US”都是缩略词，和小写的who，it及us在读音和意义上大不相同。语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词，这些词只表示日常简单的事物和概念，构成语言中最基本的词，称之为基本词或词根。随着社会的发展与进步，有限的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新生的事物和概念。英语中构词法可以分为合成法、派生法、转化法、截短法和缩略法。一、合成合成(Compounding)：
16、把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新的单词的构词法。以合成法构成的单词叫作合成词，包括合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词、合成副词等。1合成名词名词名词weekend周末名词动名词handwriting书法名词介词名词sisterinlaw嫂子动词名词typewriter打字机动名词名词readingroom阅览室动词and动词hideandseek捉迷藏游戏现在分词名词flyingfish飞鱼形容词名词freshman大一新生副词动词outlook景色，风光副词名词evergreen常青树2合成形容词名词形容词bloodred血红的名词现在分词Frenchspeaking讲法语的名词to名词onet
17、oone一对一的名词过去分词manmade人造的数词名词oneway单行道的数词名词形容词threeyearold三岁的数词名词ed tenstoreyed十层的数词副词oneoff 一次性的形容词名词highquality高质量的形容词名词ed nobleminded高尚的形容词形容词light green浅绿色的形容词现在分词ordinarylooking相貌一般的副词形容词evergreen常青的副词现在分词hardworking辛勤的副词过去分词wellknown著名的副词名词fast food专门提供快餐服务的介词名词indoor室内的3合成动词名词动词sleepwalk梦游形容词动
18、词whitewash粉刷(墙壁等)4合成副词形容词名词hotfoot匆忙地形容词副词everywhere到处副词副词however尽管如此介词名词beforehand事先介词副词forever永远5合成代词代词宾格self/selves herself 她自己物主代词self/selves myself 我自己themselves他们自己ourselves我们自己形容词名词anything 一切6合成介词副词名词outside在外面介词副词within在之内副词介词into进入二、派生派生(Derivation)：在一个词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，即称作派生法。加在词根之
19、前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的为后缀。1前缀除少数英语前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性。(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis， il， im， in， ir， mis， non， un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：agree同意disagree不同意fair公平的unfair不公平的possible可能的impossible不可能的understand理解misunderstand误解(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a(多构成表语形容词), anti (反对；抵抗), auto(自动), co (共同), en(使), inter(互相), re(再
20、；又), sub(下面的；次；小), tele(强调距离)等。例如：coworker 同事，帮手enlarge使变大cooperate 合作rewrite重写subway 地铁2后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。下面仅作简单介绍。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有ence，(e)r/ or (从事某事的人)，ese (某地人)，ess (雌性)，ian (精通的人)，ist (专业人员)，ment (性质；状态)，ness(性质；状态)，tion(动作；过程)等。例如：differ不同于difference区别write写write
21、r作家China中国Chinese中国人act表演actress女演员music音乐musician音乐家(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，fy (使化)，ize (使成为)。例如：widewiden加宽beautybeautify美化purepurify提纯realrealize意识到organorganize组织sharpsharpen使变锋利(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有al，able (有能力的)，(a)n(某国人的)，en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，ern (方向的)，ese(某国人的)，ful，(ic)al，ish，ive，less (表示否定)，lik
22、e (像的)，ly，ous，some，y (表示天气)等。例如：nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的America美国American美国的China中国Chinese中国人的gold金子golden金的east东eastern东方的child孩子childish孩子气的snow雪snowy雪白的；被雪覆盖的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如：angry生气的angrily生气地to到towards朝，向east东方eastward向东(5)构成数词的后缀有
23、teen (十几)，ty (几十)，th (构成序数词)。例如：six六sixteen十六sixteenth第十六four四forty四十fortieth第四十三、转化转化(Conversion)：不用借助词缀，由一种词类转化为另一种或几种词类的构词法。由于词类转化的原因，英语中就形成了大量外形相同但词类不同的词，即同形异类词。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。1动词转化为名词(1)意思没有变化例如：I think wed better finish the talk now.我想我们的谈话最好现在结束。(2)意思有一定变化例如：He is a man of
24、strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。(3)构成短语例如：Lets have a look first.我们先看一下吧。2名词转化为动词(1)表示物体名词。例如：Have you booked the ticket?你订好票了吗？(2)表示身体部位的的名词。例如：Hand in your papers please.请把你们的试卷交上来。(3)表示一类人的名词。例如：She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。(4)抽象名词。例如：We breakfasted together.我们在一起吃了早餐。3形容词转化为动词少数形
25、容词可以转化为动词。例如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：Murder will out.恶事终必将败露。5形容词转化为名词(1)表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，例如：The girl in black appears very beautiful.那个穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮。(2)一些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数，例如：We d
26、ont belong to the rich，but we dont belong to the poor either.我们不是有钱人，但我们也不是穷人。四、 截短(Clipping)只写出单词的一部分(前部、中间或后部)，使词义和词性保持不变的英语构词法。主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾三种形式。1截头telephonephone 电话airplaneplane飞机2去尾examinationexam考试kilogramkilo公斤；千克laboratorylab 实验室taxicabtaxi 出租车3截头去尾influenzaflu感冒prescriptionscript药方五、缩略(Abbr
27、eviation)用单词首尾字母组成一个新词的英语构词法。这种方式构成的新词，读音有两种：(1)各字母分别读音；(2)作为一个单词读音。International Monetary Fund IMF国际货币基金组织Testing of English as a Foreign LanguageTOEFL托福Teach English as a Foreign LanguageTEFL作为外语的英语教学Teach English as a Second LanguageTESL作为第二语言的英语教学Graduate Record ExaminationGRE美国研究生入学考试.单句语法填空1Ta
28、ke the medicine twice(two) a day after meals.2I can never find the difference(differ)between the twins.3We hope you children grow happily and healthily(healthy)4Of all the subjects, which do you think is the most difficult(difficult)?5Tim will come back on the twelfth(twelve)of next month.6A foreign
29、er(foreign) came to visit our school last Friday.7At the beginning(begin)of the class, Mr Tang told us a funny story. 8This is a new programme to enable(able)older people to study at college.9Its very dangerous(danger) to cross a busy street.10Janes mother looked tired and worried(worry).单句改错1I am s
30、ure we will have a wonderfully time together.wonderfullywonderful2Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.UnfortunateUnfortunately3Since my childhood I have been interesting in football.interestinginterested4Dont lose heart.You will be succeed in time.succeedsuccessful或者去掉be5You cant consider him an honesty man.honestyhonest