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1、Section Learning about Language.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1The concert conducted(指挥)by your cousin last night was really a great success.2Your problem is that you have no ambition (雄心)3The girl is very outgoing (外向的) and we all like her.4When he was at college，he majored in psychology (心理学)5Getting the s
2、upport of the Queen was a great encouragement (鼓舞) to those involved in the project.6The mosquitoes annoyed me so much that I couldnt sleep.7As we all know，fresh air is beneficial to our health.8She was ill，so she was absent from the meeting that day.9Our teacher said that this book was suitable for
3、 us to read.10Its difficult for the old woman to adapt to the wet climate here.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1absent adj.缺席的absence n缺席；不在某处2. ambition n雄心；野心ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的3benefit n好处；益处 v有益于；获益beneficial adj.有益的；受益的4. annoy vt.使不悦；惹恼annoyed adj.颇为生气的annoyance n烦恼5disable vt.使(某人)残废；使无能disabled adj.
4、伤残的 disability n伤残；无力；无能6. courage n勇气；胆量；勇敢 encourage vt.鼓励；激励encouragement n鼓励；奖励7. psychology n心理(学)psychological adj.心理(学)的；精神上的psychologically adv.心理(学)地；精神上地v.ableadj.v.mentn.adaptable 可适应的；有适应能力的agreeable 欣然同意的tolerable 可忍受(或容忍、宽恕)的movement 运动management 管理establishment 建立；设立.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1in
5、 other words换句话说2adapt to适合3cut out切去；省略；停止(做某事)4out of breath上气不接下气5all in all总而言之6sit around闲坐着7as well as和；也8in many ways在很多方面9make fun of取笑.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1He seldom speaks in public as he is afraid of being made fun of2Look！This is an excellent article that I have cut out of the magazine.3We
6、used to sit around for hours talking about the meaning of life.4We ran all the way to the cinema，arriving there quite out of breath5Tom as well as his parents went to Hong Kong to spend the summer holiday.6It is not easy for the old couple to adapt to the city life after living in the countryside fo
7、r 50 years.v.out动词短语v.around动词短语break out 爆发 point out 指出 pick out 选出 figure out 算出；理解go around 到处走动；转动；旋转turn around (使)转身show around 领参观背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Sometimes，too，I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.有时，我的身体很虚弱，以至于不能去上学，因此我的教育受到了影响。too.to.意为“太而不能”，表示否定含义The coat was too smal
8、l for me to wear，therefore I put it away.这件外套太小了，我穿不上。因此，我就把它放了起来。2.Every time I returned after an absence，I felt stupid because I was behind the others.每次我缺课之后，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我落后于别人了。every time意为“每次”，引导时间状语从句Dont stop every time you meet with a word or phrase you dont know.不要每次一遇到不认识的词或短语就停下来。3.I have
9、a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。现在分词短语作伴随状语(2019全国卷阅读理解D篇)Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.戈登说，他的学生每天都在与美国航空航天局的工程师们就这个问题发电子邮件，为太空测试的可行性办法做好准备。4.Jus
10、t accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.接受他们，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。“asadj.a/ann.as”结构，意为“像一样的”In spite of disability，Jack can live as normal a life as everybody else.尽管残疾，杰克却和身边的每个人一样过着正常的生活。 suitable adj.适合的；适宜的(教材P1)Although some ma
11、y think the cinema is noisy，it is suitable for Sallys condition.尽管有些人认为电影院很嘈杂，但这很适合萨利的情况。(1)be suitable for对适合be suitable to do sth.适合做某事(2)suit v.合(某人)心意；适合n.一套外衣；套装His ambition is to make a film that is suitable for children.他的夙愿是拍一部适合孩子看的电影。It is not suitable for you to dress (dress) like that fo
12、r a party.你穿那样的衣服参加聚会并不十分得体。We need to find someone suitable (suit) to replace Mary.我们需要找合适的人来代替玛丽。The color of the dress suits you well and it is suitable for a formal party.这件裙子的颜色很适合你，穿着去参加正式的晚会也很适合。 beneficial adj.有益的；受益的(教材P1)Glance at the title and picture，then discuss with a partner what kind
13、 of thing you think people would write about and why disabled people find the website beneficial.浏览标题和图片，然后和你的伙伴讨论你认为人们会写什么样的内容以及为什么残疾人觉得这家网站对他们有益。(1)be beneficial to对有益处(2)benefit vt.对有益，有益于vi.得益，受惠n.益处，好处benefit from从中获得益处be of benefit to.be beneficial to.对有益for sb.s benefitfor the benefit of sb.为
14、了某人的利益You must study hard for the benefit of your own.You must study hard for your own benefit.为了你自己的利益你必须努力学习。Theres no doubt that a good diet benefits health greatly. Theres no doubt that health benefits greatly from a good diet.Theres no doubt that a good diet is of great benefit to health. There
15、s no doubt that a good diet is very beneficial (benefit) to health.毫无疑问，良好的饮食有益于健康。As we know，books are the source of knowledge，from which I benefit a lot.我们都知道书是知识的源泉，我从中获益匪浅。It is known to all that sunshine is beneficial to plants but not all know how it benefits them.众所周知阳光对植物有益，但不是所有人都知道阳光是如何让它们
16、受益的。 in other words 换句话说(教材P2)In other words，there are not many people like me.换句话说，像我这样的人并不多见。in a/one word总而言之have a word with sb.与某人说(私)话have words with sb.与某人吵架keep/break ones word遵守诺言/失信beyond words无法用言语表达in words用语言word came that.有消息说In a/one word，success is important，and so is failure，because
17、 its the mother of success.总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。Word came that he was admitted to Beijing University.消息传来说他被北京大学录取了。名师点津(1)与in other words意思相同的表达有：namely，that is，that is to say，in another word。(2)word表示言辞、语言时通常用复数words；表示新闻、消息时是不可数名词。He is such a man that he cant always keep his word，in other wo
18、rds，he always breaks his word，because of which his friends often have words with him.他是这样的一个人，总是不能遵守诺言。换句话说，他总是食言，正是因为如此，他的朋友们经常和他吵架。 adapt vt.使适应；改编(教材P2)Unfortunately，the doctors dont know how to make me better，but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.不幸的是，大夫们不知道如何治好我的病，但是
19、我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。(1)adapt to适合，适应adapt oneself to使自己适应adapt.to.使适应adapt.for.将改编为adapt sth.from sth.根据改编(2)adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的(3)adaptation n.改编本；适应Not only has she adapted (herself) to the fast rhythm of city life，but she is becoming more and more outgoing.她不仅已经适应了快节奏的城市生活，而且变得越来越开朗。After gradu
20、ation from college，I gradually adapted myself to living (live) on my own.大学毕业后，我逐渐适应了独立生活。This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.据说这部新影片是根据简奥斯汀的一本小说改编的。The good thing about children is that they are adaptable (adapt) to new environments.孩子们的一个很好的优势是他们很容易适应新的环境。名师点津adapt (one
21、self) to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。The film is adapted from his story.It mainly tells us his quick adaptation to the new environmet.But in fact，at first he thought he couldnt adapt himself to the changed environment.这部电影改编自他的故事。电影主要讲述了他对新环境的快速适应，但实际上，刚开始他认为自己无法适应变化的环境。 cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)；删掉(教材P2)I t
22、hink I had at least a billion tests，including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.我想我做过无数次检查了，其中有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。写出下列句子中cut out的含义Youd better not cut out the important details.删掉The doctor advised me to cut out smoking and drinkin
23、g.停止(做某事)I cut out a good article from a newspaper yesterday.剪下，切去cut down砍倒；削减cut in插嘴；超车cut off切断供应；中断cut up切碎The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.因为大雪，这个镇子与外界隔绝了。My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking，but at least he has cut down我叔叔还没能戒烟，但是至少他已经在减少(吸烟)了。 out of brea
24、th上气不接下气(教材P2)So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs.当我跑很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息。因此上小学时有的孩子见了我这种情况就会笑话我。(1)hold ones breath屏住呼吸catch ones breath屏气，歇一口气take a deep breath深
25、呼吸lose ones breath喘不过气来(2)breathe v.呼吸When he hurried to the railway station，tired and out of breath，Mike found the train had just left.当迈克累得上气不接下气地赶到火车站时，他发现火车刚开走。We all held our breath while Mr.Evans announced the exam results.埃文斯先生宣布考试成绩时，我们都屏住呼吸。While climbing up the stairs，the old man always lo
26、ses his breath.那位老人上楼时，总是气喘吁吁的。Take a deep breath and then you may feel relaxed.深呼吸你会感到轻松。 absence n缺席；不在某处(教材P2)Every time I returned after an absence，I felt stupid because I was behind the others.每次我缺课之后，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我落后于别人了。(1)absence from.缺席；没参加during/in ones absence(in the absence of sb.)当某人缺席/不在
27、的时候(2)absent adj.缺席的；不在的be absent from缺席；不在His frequent absence from school is all because of his illness.他经常缺课都是因为他的病。Please look after my house during my absence (absent)我不在时，请帮我照看房子。Mr White has been absent from work for days，so he knows nothing about our plan.怀特先生好几天没来上班了，因此他对我们的计划一无所知。图形助记Jacki
28、e has been absent from school for two days，and we want to find out the reason for his absence杰克两天没上学了，我们想弄明白他缺席的原因。 annoy vt.使不悦；惹恼(教材P2)The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed，and I just ignore them.那些不能理解我内心世界的少数同学不会使我不高兴，我不会去理会他们。(1)annoyed adj.感到生气的be annoyed
29、 with sb.生某人的气be annoyed at/about (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而气恼(2)annoying adj.令人生气的annoyance n.烦恼Being annoyed with others easily will be harmful to your health，so keep a goodtempered character all the time please.易发脾气对健康没有什么好处，所以请随时保持好脾气。He was annoyed at/about giving (give) in so easily.他对自己如此容易屈服很生气。It
30、 really annoyed us that we made the same mistake last time.What is really annoying (annoy) is that we made the same mistake last time.真让人恼火的是我们上次犯了同样的错。名师点津(1)表示情绪变化的一类动词，如annoy，delight，excite，surprise，shock等，都为及物动词，表示“某事令某人生气(高兴、兴奋、吃惊、震惊等)”。(2)这类动词的ed形式常用来指人的情绪反应，故它们作表语、定语和宾补时，被修饰的通常是人；而这类动词的ing形式常
31、用来指物的性质、特征，故它们作表语、定语和宾补时，被修饰的往往是物。I was annoyed at those annoying things because my mind was full of annoyances and those things were annoying me all the time.我因那些令人烦恼的事而生气，因为我的脑子里都是烦人之事，那些事情一直在困扰着我。 as well as 除了之外；也；和；和一样好(教材P2)As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends，I
32、spend a lot of time with my pets.除了和我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛之外，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。as well as连接两个词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。(1)as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。(2)as well as位于句首，相当于besides，in addition to，后接动词时，用动名词形式。(3)as well as也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和一样好”，well为副词。We can know more about the life of
33、 great people as well as history and cultures of other countries.我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。As well as being (be) a photographer，she is a talented musician.她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐家。He plays the piano as well as a professional pianist.他弹钢琴像专业的钢琴家一样好。His wife，as well as his children，was invited (invite) to t
34、he party yesterday.昨天，除了他的孩子们，他的妻子也被邀请参加这个聚会了。名师点津不能使用“A，B，as well as C”结构，但可使用“A as well as B and C”或“A and B as well as C”结构。 conduct n. 行为；品行 vt.指挥；管理；主持；实施；为人；表现；传导(教材P3)Why has his fellow students conduct changed towards Marty?为什么马蒂的同学对他的行为改变了？写出下列句子中conduct的词性及含义We are conducting a survey of c
35、onsumers attitudes towards organic food.vt.实施；进行Nonmetals such as wood，glass and plastic cannot conduct heat easily.vt.传导(电、热)The orchestra is conducted by John Williams.vt.指挥Im glad that you conduct yourself honestly next time.vt.为人；表现The sport has a strict code of conduct.n.行为(1)under the conduct
36、of.在管理/指导下(2)conduct sb.to.引领某人去conduct sb.in/out带领某人进/出conduct oneself well/badly举止端庄/行为恶劣Under the conduct of his father，their business was very successful.在他父亲的指导下，他们的事业相当成功。He conducted the audience to their seats.他带领观众到他们的座位上。He conducted himself (him) far better than expected.他表现得比预料的要好得多。 (教材
37、P2)Sometimes，too，I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.有时，我的身体很虚弱，以至于不能去上学，因此我的教育受到了影响。【要点提炼】too.to.意为“太而不能”，表示否定含义。(1)tooadj.(情感、心情或倾向等表示主语态度的词，常见的有anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing，etc.) to do sth.(表示肯定意义) 非常/很干某事(2)not/never too.to do sth.并不太做某事(3)only too.to do sth
38、.非常做某事(4)cant/can never.to.再也不过分She was too excited to say a word when she heard the news.She was so excited that she couldnt say a word when she heard the news.当她听到这则消息时激动得说不出话来。Never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。He is too ready to help (help) others.他总是乐于助人。You cant be too careful to do your homework.
39、你做家庭作业时怎样仔细也不过分。 (教材P2)I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。【要点提炼】 feeling sorry for myself为现在分词短语，在句中作状语，表示伴随的情况。现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语同时发生，且与句子的主语是主动关系。另外，现在分词在句中还可作时间、原因、伴随、结果状语。Gathering around the fire，the tourists danced with the
40、local people.那些旅行者们聚在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。She lay in bed staring (stare) at the last leaf on the tree.她躺在床上，眼睛盯着那棵树上最后一片叶子。The poor old man died，leaving (leave) nothing to his children.那位可怜的老人去世了，什么也没给他的孩子们留下。 (教材P3)Just accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a lif
41、e as you do.接受他们，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。【要点提炼】 as rich and full a life as为“asadj.a/ann.as”结构，表示“像一样的”。(1)as.as结构用来说明前后两者在某方面相同。这种结构与形容词和名词单数连用时，形容词要放在冠词之前，构成“asadj.a/ann.as”结构。(2)当as.as中间有名词时采用以下格式：as形容词a/an单数名词asasmany/much名词as(3)在否定句中可用so.as.替换。Tom is as friendly a boy as the one you just ment
42、ioned.汤姆就是一个像你刚才提到的一样友好的男孩。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。I have never met so funny a man as he is.我从未遇到过像他一样滑稽的人。1(教材P2)I think I had at least a billion tests，including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and l
43、ooked at it under a microscope.【分析】句中I think后跟一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句。in which引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词one(指代test)。【翻译】我想我做过无数次检查了，其中有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。2(教材P2)My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.【分析】句中动词不定式短语to work for a firm作表语；that develops computer softwar
44、e为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a firm，that在从句中作主语；when引导的是一个时间状语从句。【翻译】我的志向是长大后为一家开发电脑软件的公司工作。.单句语法填空1.The boy promised to his teacher，“As to the lessons to be missed during my absence (absent)，Ill try to make them up as soon as I get back from leave.”2With the support and encouragement (encourage) from their p
45、arents，the students made great progress.3The concert yesterday was conducted(conduct) by a young man.4His ambition (ambitious) to become a pilot was held back by her poor eyesight.5(2019全国卷阅读理解D篇)Bacteria are an annoying (annoy) problem for astronauts.6The fall in prices will be beneficial (benefit)
46、 to small businesses.7The young man isnt suitable to do (do) the job，because he has no patience.8As far as I know，the TV play is adapted (adapt) from a true story.9I as well as my parents am (be) going to see the film this Saturday.10The boss asked him to leave.In other words (word)，he was fired.完成句子1我的咖啡热得没法喝。My coffee is too hot to drink(too)2最近的研究表明，适当饮酒对健康有好处。Recent studies show that alcoh