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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载名词性从句的翻译英语的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；翻译的时候,大多数可以依据原文的句子次序翻译成相应的汉语译文；但有时候也需要采纳其他翻译方法来敏捷处理；一、主语从句1） 以关联词 what, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why 或 从属连词 that, whether 等词引导的主语从句,一般可以依据英文原句 的次序来翻译,即一般放在句首,作为主从复合句的主语；例如：What he told me was a sheer lie.他对我说的全是谎言；W
2、hatever I saw and heard on my trip left me a very deep impression.一路上的所见所闻给我留下了深刻的印象；Whoever has made a trip to Huangshan must remember the clouds there.凡是去过黄山的人都不会遗忘黄山的云；Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - -
3、- - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载一种生物到底是植物仍是动物,有时会让生物学家颇伤脑筋；2 对于 it 作形式主语的主语从句,可以先译主句,顺译为无人称句；有时也可先译从句,再译主句,这样的话,一般需要在主句前加译“ 这” ；需要留意的是, 假如强调 it ,可以将其译出； 假如不需要强调,也可不译；例如：It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真古怪,她竟然看不出自己的缺点；It seemed incredible that she should have lied to us.她竟然
4、对我们说谎,这真是不行思议；It doesn t make much difference to me whether you come or not.你来不来我不在乎；3 对于 It is （universally）known that 众所周知 ,It is believed that （据说）, It is said that （据说）, It is reported that （据报道）这类的固定句式,一般都译成“ 据 ” ；例如：It is universally known that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.
5、众所周知,物体在水中比在空气中轻；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载It is said that drinking much pure water is good for health.据说,多喝纯洁水有益于健康；二、宾语从句1）以 that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引导的宾语从句,翻译成汉语时, 一般可以依据英文原句的次序进行翻译；例如：We all know that cigarette alcohol abuse can kill
6、.smoking is hazardous to health and that 我们都知道吸烟对健康有害,我们也知道酗酒会危及人的生命；I told him how appealing I found the offer.我告知他,这机会对我有着多么大的吸引力；2 it 作形式宾语的句子, that 所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原句的次序翻译； it 一般可以不译；例如：Nutritional experiments have made it evident that vitamins are indispensable for ones health.养分试验证明,维生素是人们的健康所必需
7、的；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o clock in the morning .我向他们讲清晰了,他们必需在上午 10 点之前交卷；3 it 作形式宾语的句子,当主句部分表示“ 感到 ,认为 ” 时,可以将 that 引导的宾语从句提到句子最前面翻译；例如：I regard it as a shame that I was blamed by my tea
8、cher.遭到老师的批判,我感到很丢人；We consider it absolutely right that we should try our best to achieve a greater success.我们应当努力去获得更大的胜利,这样做是非常正确的；三、表语从句从句位于主句的系动词之后,在句中充当表语,引导表语从句的从属连词和引导主语从句的从属连词相同,次序直接进行翻译；例如：一般可以依据英语原句的What he emphasized again and again was that no matter how difficult it might be, they shou
9、ld never retreat even for an inch.他一再强调的就是,不管多困难,绝不后退半步；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 难题之一在
10、于,所谓的行为科学仍都是从心态、情感、性格特点、人性等方面去查找行为的根源；The question is how people can find an effective way to store the suns heat .问题在于,人们怎样才能找到一种有效的方式来储存太阳的热量；Thats why the plants absorb water from the soil.这就是为什么植物会从土壤里吸取水分；四、同位语从句英语中的同位语从句用来说明它前面的某个名词的详细内容；它与其所修饰的名词在位置上是同等的；同位语从句通常由 that, whether 或 if 引导,它们在从句中不
11、充当任何句子成分；能接同位语从句的名词通常为抽象名词,news消息 ,conclusion如：fact 事实 ,hope期望 ,idea 想法 ,结论 ,evidence 证据 ,suggestion 建议 ,名师归纳总结 order 命令 ,decision打算 ,information信息 ,opinion 观点 ,第 5 页,共 8 页report报告 ,thought 思想 ,probability可能 等；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载同位语从句的翻译比较复杂,翻译时可以敏捷处理,依据详细情形可采纳以下几种翻译方法；1
12、一般来说,翻译同位语从句时,可以保持原先的语序,将同位语从句直接翻译在主句后面；例如：Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light.爱因斯坦得出的结论是,宇宙中的最大速度是光速；As an obedient son, he had accepted his fathers decision that he was to be a doctor, though the prospect didnt interest him at all.作为一个孝顺
13、的儿子,他接受了父亲的打算,要当个医生,虽然他对这样的前途毫无爱好可言；2 有些同位语从句在翻译时可以放到所修饰的名词前面,构成类似定语的结构或者独立成句；例如：But I knew I couldnt trust him. There was the possibility that he was a political swindler.但我知道不能轻信他；他是政治骗子的可能性仍是存在的；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It does not alter 精品资料欢迎下载for the the fact tha
14、t he is the man responsible delay.推迟应由他负责,这个事实是转变不了的；3 有些同位语从句在翻译时,可以实行顺译法,放在所修饰名词的后面,但是中间常常使用冒号、破折号等标点符号,或者使用“ 这样” 、“ 这一” 、“ 即” 等字眼；例如：But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是现实地考虑一下,我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙；Not long ago, the scientists made an
15、exciting discovery that this kind of waste material could be turned into plastics.不久之前, 科学家们有了一个令人兴奋的发觉可以把这种废物转变成塑料；4 在翻译有些同位语从句时,需要转变原文的同位语结构,用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出；例如：An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载已下命令将现在在航天试验室里的讨论人员送回来；Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.即使是最精确的试验,也没有期望获得无任何误差的试验结果；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页