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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载学校英语学问点汇总 精讲+精练一、字母英语共有 26 个字母 ,这些字母按肯定的次序排列在一起便组成字母表 英语的基础；,英语中称之为 Alphabet, 26 个英语字母是学习A a /ei/,B b /bi:/,C c /si:/ D d /di:/,E e /i:/ , F f /ef/ G g /d3i:/,H h /eit, / I i /ai/ J j /d3ei/,K k /kei/ ,L l /el/ M m /em/,N n /en/, O o /.u/ P p /pi:/,Q q /kju:/ ,R r /
2、 :/ S s /es/,T t /ti:/,U u /ju:/ V v /vi:/ ,W w / d .blju:/ ,X x /eks/ Y y /wai/,Z z /zi:/, /zed/ 1 每个字母都有大、小写两种形式 ; 2 书写形式有 :印刷体和书写体 ; 3 读音形式有两种 :升调和降调 . 2. 字母的读音英语 26 个字母按肯定的次序排列起来,就构成了英语字母表,英语字典、词典里的词就是按字母表的次序排列的. 英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: 1含元音音素 /ei/ 2 含元音音素 /i:/ 字母 : Aa ,Hh , Jj ,Kk 字母 : Bb, Cc, Dd,
3、 Ee ,Gg, Pp, Tt, Vv 音标 : /ei/ /eit / /d3ei/ /kei/音标 : /bi:/ /si:/ /di:/ /i:/ /d3i:/ /pi:/ /ti:/ /vi:/ 3 含元音音素 /e/ 字母 : Ff ,Ll ,Mm, Nn , Ss, Xx, Zz 音标 : /ef/ /el/ /em/ /en/ /es/ /eks/ /zed/ 5 含元音音素 /ai/ 字母 : Ii , Yy 音标 : /ai/, /wai/ 3. 字母的书写和笔顺4 含元音音素 /ju:/ 字母 : Uu , Qq, Ww 音标 : /ju:/ /kju:/, / d .bl
4、ju:/1书写时 ,每个字母都应自左向右倾斜 5 度.大写字母都一样高 ,占上、中两格 ,但不顶第一线 ; 2词与词之间一般空出小写字母 a 的宽度为宜 ; 3字母要按肯定的笔划次序书写 ,其书写笔顺如下 ;请留意书写的格式和大小写的区分 二、名 词表示某一事物,有详细的和抽象的之分；分为可数名词和不行数名词；强调：不行数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用 is 或者 was；1、一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来运算,称为可数名词；可数名词有单数和复数两种形式；可数名词如何变 “复数形式 ”：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - -
5、- - - 学习必备 欢迎下载a一般情形下,直接加-s,如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加 -es,如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加 -es,如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries d以 “ f或 fe ”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es,如： knife-knives ,thief-thieves ；e以 “
6、o”结尾的词,分两种情形1）有生命的 +es 如： mango-mangoes potato -potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2 无生命的 +s 如： photo-photos radio-radios f. 名词的复数形式的不规章变化1）man-men woman-women child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese 2 单复数同形的名词,如：deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 3 be 和指示代词的复数； is-are am-are this-
7、these that-those it-they 4）仍有一些名词本身就是以复数形式显现的；如 2、不行数名词不能用数字运算包括物质名词 不行数名词没有复数；常见的不行数名词：:shorts , jeans, socks, clothes, trousers, shoes,chopsticks,scissors,gloves air, water 等 及抽象名词 advice, hate 等；所以它通常只有单数形式；a、表示液体： water, juice, milk, lemonade, coffee, coke, ink b、表示自然现象： snow, rain, ice c、表示食品类：
8、 rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish, food d、其它类： newspaper, news, homework, housework 不行数名词表示数量时,可以用量词来表达 量词有复数形式piece of paper, ten bottles of juice 判定步骤：如是 am、is 或 was原形 读句子 读该单词 熟悉该单词 懂得意思 看 be 动词如是 are 或 were 加 s 或 es 练一练1、写出以下各词的复数；其结构是数词 +量词 +of+ 名
9、词；例如： a glass of water, a I_ him_ this_her_watch_mango_child_photo_diary_ day_ foot_dr ess_tooth_sheep_ box_ strawberry_thief_engineer_peach_ san dwich_ man_ woman_ leaf_ people_ 2、用所给名词的正确形式填空；（1）Are there two_ box on the table. （2）I can see some _ people in the cinema. （3）How many _ day are there
10、in a week. （4）Herere five_ bottle of _ juice for you. （5）This_ violin is hers. Those _ grape are over there. 三、冠 词冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“ 不定冠词 ” 和“ 定冠词 ” 两种；1、不定冠词： a、 an；用在单数名词前,表示“ 一个,一件 ” ；an 用在以元音 “ 音素 ” 开头的单词前；如：an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an houra 用语辅音音素开头的单词前,如：a book, a pen 2、定冠词：
11、 the 用在单数或者复数名词前；the 没有详细意思,有时翻译为这、那；它的基本用法：（1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物；如：The map on the wall is new. （2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物；如：（3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物；如：Look at the picture, please. This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. （4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前；如：the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球（5）用在由一般名词构成的专出名词前；如：the Great Wall
12、长城（6）用在江河、湖海等专出名词前；如：the Changjiang River 长江（7）此外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词 the,如： the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class 练一练名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1、用 a 或 an 填空；_ “U” _ ice-cream _ goalkeeper _ teapot _apple _office _Englis
13、h book _umbrella _unit _hour 2、依据需要,填写冠词 a,an 或 the；（1）Who is _girl behind _tree. （2） _old man has two children, _ son and _daughter. （3）This is _ orange. _ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing _guitar. We have _same hobby. （5）We all had _good time last Sunday. （6）She wants to be_ doctor. 四、 数 词基数词和序
14、数词；基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中显现；区分：基数词前面没有“ the ”；序数词前肯定要有“ the ”；1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“ -” ；如： 21 twenty-one 2、三位数以上的就需要在百位数后再加上 and；如： 101 a/one hundred and one 3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,肯定别忘了它的复数形式；如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys 4、用基数词修饰不行数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数；如：两碗米饭two bowls of rice 5、序数词一般加“th ”,特别的有： first, seco
15、nd, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth第几十几 ” ：前面整十不变,后面“ 几” 改为序数词；如：88 eighty-eighth 6、基数词变序数词记忆口决：基变序,有规律,结尾加上-th（ fourth,seventh）；一,二,三,特别记,结尾字母t,d,d（first,second,third ）；八去 teighth ,九去 eninth,f 要把 ve 替（ fiftht,welfth ）,ty 将 y 变 ie,后加 -th 别遗忘（ fortieth
16、）；要是遇到几十几,前半基数后半序；练一练1、请翻译以下短语；（1）60 名同学 _ （2） 15 本英语书 _ （3）九杯凉水 _ （4） 4 个孩子 _ （5）12 月 31 日 _ （6）6 月 2 日 _ （7）第九周 _ （8） 40 年前 _ （9） 8 颗牙齿 _ 2、把以下基数词改成序数词；（10）第一天 _ one- two- three- nine- fourteen- twenty- thirty-five- eighty-one- five- twelve- 五、代词指示代词：指示说明近处或远处、上文或下文、以前或现在的人或事物 单数 复数 含义 This 这个 the
17、se这些 指较近的人或物 those那些 指较远的人或物 That那个 留意：打电话时用 this 介绍自己, that 询问对方,如 This is Kate speaking. Who is that. 人称代词：1、人称代词分为：第一、其次、第三人称,且有单复数之分；2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后；3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面肯定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的；4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词；如：This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler.
18、= That is hers. 一般看后面有没出名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词；如无,就用名词性物主代词；请牢登记表：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 主 格第一人称学习必备欢迎下载she 第三人称复 数其次人称单数复数单数复数单 数I we you you he it they 人称me us you you her him it them 代 词宾 格形 容 词my our your your her his its their 物主性mine ours yours yours hers his theirs
19、 代 词名词性反身单词myself ourselves yourself yourselves herself himself itself themselves 练一练1、按要求写出相应人称代词；I（宾格） _ she（形容词性物主代词）_ we（名词性物主代词）_ he（复数） _ us（单数） _ theirs（主格） _ its（宾格） _ 2、想一想,把下表补充完整；第一人称人称代词宾格复数宾格物主代词名词性复数名词性单数单数主格主格形容词性形容词性me us our 其次人称you her you them his its their he 第三人称it 3、用所给词的适当形式填空
20、；1）That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. I 2）The dress is _. Give it to _. she 3）Is this _ watch. you No, its not _ . I 4）_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look. Those stamps are _. he 5）_ dresses are red. we What colour are _. you 6）Show _ your kite, OK. they 7）I have a bea
21、utiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. it 8）Are these _ tickets. No, _ are not _. _ arenhere. they t 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom. That is _ classroom. we 10）_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job. _is a nurse. she 11）Where are _. I cant find _. Lets call _ par 12）Dont touch _. _is not a
22、cat, _ is a tiger. it 13）_ sister is ill. Please go and see _. she 14）The girl behind _ is our friend. she 六、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特点,副词表示某一动作的特点；形容词和副词的比较级和最高级名师归纳总结 构成方法原级比较级（表示两个人、物之最高级（大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较时） ,由比较级间进行比较） ,由 the+形容词或第 4 页,共 18 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一般在词尾加 -er,est tall, l
23、ong, old 学习必备欢迎下载副词最高级+than 构成taller, longer, older tallest, longest, oldest 以 e 结尾的词 ,直接加 -r,est nice, fine, large nicer, finer, larger nicest, finest, largest 以辅音 y 结尾的词 ,先把 ybusy, early, easy busier, earlier, easier busiest, earliest, easiest 改成 i,再加 -er,est 以“辅元辅 ”结构结尾的词,big, hot, red, thin bigg
24、er, hotter, thinner biggest, hottest, thinest 先双最终一个辅音字母,再 加-er,est 少数以 -er,-ow 结尾的双音节clever, narrow cleverer, narrower cleavest, narrowest 词末尾加 -er,est 其他双音节词和多音节词,important, easily more important, more easily most important, most easily 在前面加 more, most 常用的不规章变化的形容词的比较级和最高级 : 原级 - 比较级 - 最高级 good/we
25、ll-better-best many-more-most much/many-more-most little-less-least bad/badly/ill-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest far-farther, further-farthest, furthest 练一练1、写出以下形容词、副词的比较级、最高级big good long tall old short thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow 2、用括号内所给单词的
26、适当形式填空；1 I can swim as _ fast as the fish, I think. 2 Look. His hands are _ big than mine. 3 I think you do these things_ well than your classmates. 4 Whose bag is _ heavy , yours or mine. 5 Does Jim run as _（slow as David. Yes, but Mike runs_ slow than them. 6 You have seven books, but I have _ man
27、y than you. I ha ve ten. 7 I jump _ far than some of the boys in my class. 8 Im very_ thin , but she _ thin than me. 9 It gets _and_ warm when spring comes here. 七、介 词1、是虚词,不能单独使用,它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能在句子中起作用；有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in fron
28、t of, out of, 2、表示时间的介词有：at, on, in；clock, at 9:30 a.m., （1）at 表示 “在某一个详细的时间点上”,或用在固定词组中；如：at ten o（2）on 表示 “在某日或某日的时间段” ；如： on Friday, on Monday morning, on May 1st 3）in 表示 “在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”；如： in the afternoon, in September, in 20053、in 一词仍有其他的固定搭配,如：in blue（穿着蓝色的衣服） ,in English （用英语表达）练一练名师归纳总结 -
29、- - - - - -第 5 页,共 18 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空；1 What s this _ at, on, in English. 2 Christmas is _ at, on, in the 25th of December. 3 The man_ with, on, in black is Su Hais father.4 He doesnt do well _ at, on, in PE. 5 Look at those birds _ on, in the tree. 6 We are going
30、to meet _ at, on, in the bus stop _ at, on, in half past ten. 7 Is there a cat _ under, behind, in the door. 8 Helens writing paper is _ in, in front of her computer. 9 We live _ at, on, in a new house now. 10 Does it often rain _ at, on, in spring there. 2、圈出以下句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上；1 Jim is good
31、 in English and Maths. 2 The films were in the ground just now. 3 They are talking to their plans. 4 How many students have their birthdays on May. 5 Women s Day is at the third of March. 6 I can jog to school on the morning. 7 Did you water trees at the farm. 8 Can you come and help me on my Englis
32、h. 9 I usually take photos in Sunday morning. 10 What did you do on the Spring Festival. 八、动 词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括 be 动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词；动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法：先用 “一（量词） ”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判定,就是把“ 很” 和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词；（目前我们学过的,以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下
33、就可以知道）1、be 动词（am, is, are, was, were ）1）am was, is was, are-were 口诀：我用 am, 你用 are, is 用在他她它,全部复数全用 are；2）确定和否定句 I am not from London. He isnot a teacher. She isnot in the dining room. My hair isnot long. Her eyes arenot small. 3）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese. Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American. Y
34、es, they are. No, they arenIs the cat fat. Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 4）be 动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式） ,are not = aren,is not = isn；t 练一练1、用 be 动词的适当形式填空；1）I _ a boy. _ you a boy. No, I _ not. 3）The dog _ tall and fat. 2）The girl_ Jacks sister. 4）The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5）_ your brother in the c
35、lassroom. 6） How _ your father. 7）Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 8）Whose dress _ this. 9）Whose socks _ they. 10）Who _ I. 11）The jeans _ on the desk. 13）Here _ some sweaters for you. 15）This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 17）Some tea _ in the glass. 12） Here _ a scarf for you. 14）The black gloves _ f
36、or Su Yang. 16）The two cups of milk _ for me. 18） Gao shans shirt _ over there. 19）My sisters name _Nancy. 20）_ David and Helen from England. 21）There _ a girl in the room. 22）There _ some apples on the tree. 23）_ there any apple juice in the bottle. 24）There _ some bread on the plate. 25）You, he an
37、d I _ from China. 26）There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 2、助动词（do, does, did ）do, does 用于一般现在时,其过去式 did 用于一般过去时；它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中；它们的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt留意：在一般现在时中,does 用于第三人称单数,其余一律用助动词 do；助动词 do, does, did 后面肯定要用动词原形；名师归纳总结 第 6 页,共 18 页- -
38、- - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载练一练1、用适当的助动词填空；1 _you like this magazine. 2 The girl_like bread for breakfast. 3 -What _ she _ at the weekends. -She usually plays games with her friends. 4 -Wha_ you do last Sunday. -I wrote to my friend. 5 -Did you see a Beijing opera. -No, I _. 6 He _not
39、 visit a farm last National Day holiday. 7 They_ not like playing volleyball. 8 - _Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday. -Yes, he . 9 _Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day. 10 -How many kites _we have. -We have ten. 2、找出以下句子中的错误,将序号填入题前括号内,并改正； 1 Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival. A B C 2 -What do the boy have in his pencil-box. -He has a rubber. A B C _ _