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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点（特别全）人教高中英语必修一各单元学问点汇总 主要内容包括：一、重点短语 二、语法 目录：Unit One Friendship Unit two English around the world Unit 3 Travel journal Unit four Earthquakes Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语1.go through 经受,经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 登记,放下
2、3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参与（某个活动）；take part in 参与（活动）join 加入（组织,团队,并成为其中一员）10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of 对 感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关怀 14. get on/along well with 与 相处融洽
3、15. be good at/do well in 善于 于 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事是 17. no longer / not any longer 不再 18. too much 太 多（后接不行数 n.） much too 太 后接 adj.19. not until 直到 才 20. it s no pleasure doing sth 做并不高兴21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法 -直接引语和间接引语 概念 ：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话；一般前后要加引号；间接引语：用
4、自己的话转述别人的话；间接引语在多数情形下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号；例： Mr. Black said, “ I m busy.”名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规章（一）陈述句的变化规章直接引语假如是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词 代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化；that（可省略）引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示人称的变化人称的变化主要是要懂得句子的意思例： 1. He said, “ I like it ver
5、y much. ” He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “ I v left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时过去完成时 过去完成时例： “I don t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. An
6、ne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said, “I m using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife. 留意：假如直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如：He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语间接
7、引语第 2 页,共 7 页this that these those now then ago before/earlier today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next/following day the day after tomorrow In two day s time come go 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点here there the day before yesterday two days before/earlier 二
8、 祈使句的变化规章假如直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带 to 的不定式,并依据句子意思在不定式前加上 tell/ask/order 等动词,假如祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面仍要加上 not；例：The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.” The hostess asked us to sit down. He said, “Don t make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise. （三）疑问句的变化规章假如直接引语是疑问句,变为间
9、接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号；一般疑问句：假如直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或 said 时,要改为ask 或 asked,原问句变为由 if/whether 引导的宾语从句；例 : “Do you think a diary can become your friend.” the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend. 2 特殊疑问句：假如间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原先的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句；例：“ What do
10、 you want.” he asked me. He asked me what I wanted Unit two English around the world 一、重点短语1. be different from 与 不同 be the same as 与 一样2. one another 相互,彼此（ =each other）3. official language 官方语言4. at the end of 在 终止时 5. because of 由于（后接名词或名词性短语）because 由于（后接句子）6. native speakers 说母语的人 7. be based o
11、n 依据,依据8. at present 目前；当今 9. especially 特殊,特殊 specially 特地地10. make use of 利用 make the best of 充分利用 11. a large number of 大量的,许多（作主语,谓语动词用复数）the number of 的数量（作主语,谓语动词用单数）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上 13. believe it or not 信不信由你14. there is no such thing as没有这样的事 15. be expected t
12、o 被期望做某事16. play a part/role in 在 起作用 17. make lists of 列清单18. included 包括（前面接包括的对象）Including 包括（后接包括的对象）19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事 command + that 从句（从句用 should+V 原 20. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 request + that 从句 从句用 should+V 原 二、语法 -英语中的命令（ command）语气和恳求 request语气 命令语气 ：表示直接命令某人做某事,语气
13、比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于上级对下级例： 1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us. 2. Open the window. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点恳求语气 ：表示恳求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,特别礼貌例： 1. “ Would you like to see my flat.” She asked. 2. Would you please open the window. Unit 3 Travel journal 一、重点
14、短语1. travel-泛指旅行 journey-指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage-指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行 trip- 常指短时间短距离的旅行 tour-指周游,巡回旅行,2. prefer to 更加喜爱,宁愿 prefer A to B 比起 B,更喜爱 A prefer doing to doing 比起做 ,宁愿做 prefer to do rather than do 与其做 , 不如 3. flow through 流过,流经 4. ever since 自从5. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 6. be fond of 喜爱7
15、. insist on doing 坚持做某事 insist + that 从句（用 should+ V 原）8. care about 关怀. change ones mind 转变想法10. altitude 高度 attitude 态度,看法11. make up ones mind to do 下定决心做某事 12. give in 让步,屈服 give up 舍弃= decide to do = make a decision to do 13. be surprised to 对 感到诧异 to ones surprise 令某人诧异的是 14. at last = finally
16、 = in the end 最终 15. stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 16. as usual 像平常一样 17. so that 如此 以至于 So + adj + a/an + n. + that Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that 18. be familiar with 对 熟识（人作主语） be familiar to 为 所熟识（物作主语）二、语法 :现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来, 表示最近按方案或支配要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / trave
17、l / take / stay/ do等. 例： 1. I m coming. 我就来 2. what are you doing next Sunday . 你下个星期天做什么？3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行 4. Where are you staying at night. 你们晚上待在哪里 / Unit four Earthquakes 一、重点短语1. right away 立刻,立刻（ = at once = in no time）2. asleep 睡着的；熟睡地（ fall as
18、leep 入睡） sleep 睡；睡眠 sleepy 犯困的名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3. it seems that/ as if 看来似乎 名师总结优秀学问点；似乎 4. in ruins 成为废墟5. the number of 的数量（谓语动词用单数）a number of 大量（谓语动词用复数）6. rescue workers 营救人员 Come to ones rescue 营救某人 7. be trapped 被困 8. how long 多长时间 how often 多久,指平率 how s
19、oon 仍要多久（用于将来时当中,用 in+时间段回答）9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的 10. dig out 挖出 11. shake-泛指 “动摇,震惊 ”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“ 震惊,颤抖”例： 1. She felt the earth shaking under him. 2. She was shaken with anger. quake- 指较剧烈的震惊,如地震例: The building quaked on its foundation Tremble- 指人由于冰冷、惧怕、担心等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖 例： Sudde
20、nly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks. Shiver- 多指冰冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦 例： A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver. 12. rise roserisen- vi, 上升；升起,无被动语态； give rise to 引起Raise（raisedraised）- vt, 举起；筹集；哺育 Arise arosearisen-vt, 显现（常指问题或现象）13. injure- 常指因意外事故造成的损耗,也可以指感情上名誉上的损
21、害 例： He was injured in a car accident. harm- 泛指“ 损害,损害”,既可以指有生命的,也可以指无生命的例： 1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child. 2. His business was harmed for some reason. hurt- 既可以指肉体上的损害,也可以指精神上的损害 例： 1. She hurt her leg when she fell. 2. He felt hurt at your word. wound- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤例： The b
22、ullet wounded him in the arm. 14. be prepared for = make preparations for 为 做预备15. in ones honor 向 表示敬意；为纪念Be/ feel honored to do 做 感到很荣幸16. make /give/ deliver a speech 发言 opening speech 开幕词 17. give/ provide shelter to 向 供应庇护所 seek shelter from 逃避 18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭受,发生 happen to do sth.
23、偶然；碰巧 happen -指偶然发生 take place-指事先方案好的事情发生 二、语法 -定语从句 概念 ：在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；成分 ：先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词：that,which,who宾格为 whom,全部格为 whose；或者关系副词 where,when,why 等；关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 优秀学问点之间,起着连接主从句的作用；1. 关系代词 that 的用法 关系代词 that 在定语从句中既
24、能指人,也能指物；既能做主语,也能做宾语 例： 1）A plane is a machine that can fly. 指物,作主语 2）The noodles that I cooked were delicious. 指物,作宾语 3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there. 指人,作主语 4）The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim s sister,指人,作宾语 2. 关系代词 which 的用法 关系代词 which 在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语 例： 1）They pl
25、anted some trees which didnt need much water. 作主语 2）The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh. 作宾语 3. 关系代词 who,whom 的用法 关系代词 who,whom 只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语 例： 1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.作主语 2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. 作宾语 、4. 关系代词 whose在的用法 wh
26、ose 和它所 关系代词 whose 为关系代词 who 的全部格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物,修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语；例： 1）This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. 指人,作主语 2） The room whose window faces south is mine. 指物,作主语 3）He has written a book whose name I ve forgotten. 指物,作宾语 5. 关系副词 when的用法 关系副词 when 在定语从句中作时间状语 例：
27、 1）I ll never forget the time when =during which we worked on the farm. 2 Do you remember the afternoon when =on which we first met three years ago. 6. 关系副词 where在定语从句中的用法 关系副词 where在定语从句中做地点状语 例： 1）This is the place where =at/ in which we first met. 2 The hotel where = in which we stayed wasn t ver
28、y clean. 7. 关系副词 why 在定语从句中的用法 关系副词 why 在定语从句中作缘由状语 例: 1. I didn t get a pay rise, but this wasn t the reason why= for which I left. 2. The reason why =for which he has late was that he missed the train. Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结
29、 优秀学问点一、重点词汇1. selfish 自私的 selfless 无私的 2. devote oneself to致力于；献身于3. fight against 对抗,反对 fight for 为而战 4. principle 原就 principal 校长；主要的5. offer guidance to 给 供应指导 6. out of work 失业7. join 加入（组织,俱乐部,成为其中一员）join in 参与（活动）take part in 参与（活动）8. as + adj +as one can 尽可能 = as + adj. +as possible 9. as a
30、matter of fact 事实上（ =in fact）10. blow up 爆炸,炸掉11. set up 建立; set about 着手,开头做（set about doing sth.）set off 动身,动身; set out 开头,动身（ set out to do sth.）12. be sentenced to 被判 13. be equal to 与 相等；胜任14. be proud of 为 感到骄傲 15. give out 分发 （give off 散发出（气味）16. die for 为 而死 die of 死于（自身缘由,如疾病）17. realize ones dream of 实现 .的理想 18. only 位于句首时,要主谓倒装die from 死于（外在缘由,如车祸）例： Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. Only in this way, can we protect the environment better. 二语法 -定语从句详见第四单元名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页