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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载第四讲 名词及全部格姓名：学校：年级：【学习目标 】：1. 明白名词及全部格的定义,及其用法2. 通过读写训练,把握名词及其全部格的用法【学问要点】一、名词的概念及分类名词是表示人、事物、物质种类、抽象概念的词,它属于一种重要的实词；名词可以从不同的角度进行分类,分类如下：1、依据构词法进行分类： 简洁名词： man chair land water 复合名词： farmland roommate seaside 派生名词： argument ability greatness questionnaire 2、依据词汇意义进行
2、分类：专出名词和一般名词, 其中一般名词又可分为个体名词、抽象名词；集体名词、 物质名词和3、依据语法意义进行分类：名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词；名一般个体名词表示人和事物的的个体book chair house 可数teacher doctor table 集体名词表示人或一些事物的群体或总称family,police,people, 名词baggage ,clothing 名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质、材料water air tea snow 不词专有的名词rain wood 可抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质等抽象概work health fun 数念luck future 名一个
3、人和事物所特有的名称,如Mr. Brown, China 专出名词词名词时间、地点、机构、国家等；the White House, 二、名词的数1、可数名词的规章变化名师归纳总结 情形构成方法读音例词第 1 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一般情形加 -s 学习必备欢迎下载map-maps 1.清 辅 音 后 读/s/; bag-bags 2.浊 辅 音 和 元 car-cars 音后读 /z/ 以 s,sh,ch, x 等结加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses box-boxesbrush-brushes,watch-wat
4、ches尾的词加 -s 读 /iz/ ce,se,ze, dge 等license-licenses 结尾的词以 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 1.清 辅 音 后 读1baby-babies,factory-factories1 以 辅 音 字 母 +y/s/; 直接加 s变复数结尾的词2.浊 辅 音 和 元story-stories2 元 音 字 母 +y 音后读 /z/ 2monkey-monkeys 1有生命的加 es 1.清 辅 音 后 读结尾holiday-holidays 以 o 结尾的名词1potatopotatoes2没有生命的加 s /s/; tomatotomato
5、es2.浊 辅 音 和 元2photo-photos piano-pianos 音后读 /z/ 3 均可 3 zero-zeros / zeroes Volcanovolcanos/ volcanoes 以 f 或 fe 结尾的1去 f,fe 加 ves 1.清 辅 音 后 读1half-halves名词/s/; wolf-wol ves,wife-wi ves2 加 s 2.浊 辅 音 和 元life-li ves thief-thieves音后读 /z/ 2belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs 3 均可 3handkerchief-
6、 Handkerchiefs / handkerchiefs 例外 Stomachs, pianos, photos, roofs, safes保险箱 , beliefs 信条2、可数名词复数的不规章变化名师归纳总结 构成方式例词man-men 第 2 页,共 10 页变内部元音foot-f eet tooth-teeth mouse-micewoman-women goose- geese 词尾加 -en 或-ren child-child renox-oxen单、复数词形相同a deertwo deer,a sheepfive sheep ,a fishthree fish,a means
7、 some means - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载汉语音译词如度量衡、币制等单位的名词无复数形ten jin100mu ten liseven dan式,但要用斜体表示 “ 某国人 ” 的名词,其单复数形式相同a Japanese-five Japanese a Chinese-ten Chinese 词 尾 的man 为a Frenchmantwo Frenchmen 单、复数变化的 3 种情形men an Englishwomanseven Englishwomen 词尾加 -s a Germanfive Germans
8、a Russianten Russians3、复合名词的复数形式 1一般将主体名词变为复数；mother-in-law mothers-in-law 岳母 passer-bypassers-by 过路人 looker-onlookers-on 旁观者 editor-in-chief editors-in-chie 主编 2无主体名词构成的复合词,在词尾加一 s；如：人go-between go-betweens中间人,媒人 grown-upgrown-ups 成年3由 man 或 woman 构成的复合名词,两者都要变成复数；如：a man teacher two men teachers；
9、a woman doctor ten women doctors 4、不行数名词的量的变化 1借助单位词表示不行数名词的量 a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk ） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 2）用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少 ,不行数名词 也可用 a lot of, lots of, som
10、e, any, much等来修饰；The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice5、名词单、复数的特别用法 1）有相同两部分组成的名词（谓语动词用复数）glasses眼睛, contact lenses隐形眼镜 , trousers裤子 , scissors剪刀, shoes鞋, socks袜子 , gloves 手套 三、名词全部格及其用法；
11、名词的格的种类名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载英语名词有三个格,即主格、宾格和全部格；名词的主格和宾格形式相同,所以它们又统称作通格；当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时,用通格；英语名词的全部格表示所属关系,它分-s 全部格 和 of 全部格 两种形式；定义：名词全部格,用来表示人或物的全部,以及领属关系的一种形式,名词全部格的构成包括 s全部格、 of 全部格和双重全部格；（1）- s 全部格的构成方法一般情形 包括单数名词和不带词尾 s 的复数名词 加 - s：children s books 儿
12、童图书today s paper 今日的报纸带词尾 s 的复数名词只加省字撇 ：girls school 女子学校the Smiths car 史密斯家的小汽车注：带词尾 s 的单数名词,通常仍加s：the boss s pl an 老板的方案the hostess s worry 女主人的担忧带词尾 s 的人名,可加s 或只加省字撇 ：Dickens novels 狄更斯的小说Charles s job 查理斯的工作不带词尾 -s 却以咝音结尾者,一律加s：Marxs works 马克思的著作Georges room 乔治的房间留意：（考点）假如一个事物为两个人或两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最
13、终一个名词的末尾加s；E.g. This is John, Jack and Toms room. E.g. Mr. Green is Jim and Kates father. 表示某人的家,店铺的全部格,一般可以省略它所修饰的名词；the Green 格林家 the barber理发店at the tailor在裁缝店at the doctor在医院the Smith 史密斯这个人the Smiths史密斯一家人the Smith史密斯的家（住处）the Smiths 史密斯一家人的家（住处）s 全部格常表示有生命的东西,但也可表示无生命的东西,如：时间,自然现象,国家,城市等实体,度量衡
14、以及价值等；例：名师归纳总结 five minutes walk 五分钟步行的路程today s newspaper 今日的报纸第 4 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - thirty dollar学习必备欢迎下载s capital value 30 美元的价值China 注：一个七岁的女孩a seven-year-old girl a seven years old girl a girl of seven a girl of seven years 一百米的赛跑100-meter race 100 meters race用 and连接
15、的并列连词的全部格要分两种情形,即表示各自的全部关系时, 要分别在并列连词后加 -s,表示共同的全部关系时,只在最终一个名词后加-：Toms and Jim s rooms 汤姆和吉姆 各自 的房间Tom and Jims rooms 汤姆和吉姆 共同的房间 用于某些固定表达中：a stone s throw 一箭之遥at one s wit s end 黔驴技穷at arm s length 以一臂之距out of harms way 在完全的地方（2）、of 全部格表示无生命的名词的全部格,一般用 of 全部格；如：the legs of the chair 椅子的腿（3）、双重全部格th
16、e cover of the book 书的封面双重全部格,即两种形式结合在一起应用“ of +名词 s”；如：the books of the library图书馆的书a photo of Jim a photo of Jim s 4 -s 全部格与 of 全部格的用法比较1 of 全部格既可用于有生命的人或物,有时可以与 -s 全部格互换； 如：也可用于无生命的东西； of 全部格Mr Smith s son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子Jims patience = the patience of Jim 吉姆的耐心the Queens arrival =
17、 the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达2 必需用 s 全部格的情形：表类别时： mens shoes 男鞋, children s stories 儿童故事表来源时： Johns telegram 约翰的电报当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时：Marys husband, a policeman, has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察,刚刚来过这儿；3 必需用 of 全部格的情形：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载用于无生命的事物时： the subjec
18、t of the sentence 句子主语表同位关系时： the City of Beijing 北京市当中心词是名词化的名词时：the life of the poor 穷人的生活当 of 全部格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时：Mr Smith is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 史密斯先生是中国一所高校的外籍老师；名词全部格【经典例题】1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 解析: much 是用来修饰不行数名
19、词的 式, C 项为不行数名词 , 因此选 C. , A B D 三个选项均是可是名词的复数形2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 解析 : orange 有两种含义 , 一种可数名词橘子 , 另一种是不行数名词橘汁 , 此题第一空应填可数名词 , 其次空填不行数名词 , 因此选 C；3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 2
20、5 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walkC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 解析 : 句中的 minute 应当用其复数的全部格形式 ,只+,而不能 +s,因此选 A；4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 解析 : person 与 people 都有” 人”的意思 , 但用法不同 . “ 一个人” 用 “ a person” , “ 两个人”用 “ two persons” ; people 泛指 “ 人们” 是
21、集合名词 ,表示复数 , the people 指 “ 人民”, a people 指 “ 一个民族”. 应选 B；5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples C. chicken and apple B. chickens and apple D. chicken and apples 解析 : chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不行数名词指鸡肉,依据词题意应理解为鸡肉 ;apple为可数名词 , 故应+s, 因此选 D；6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. roomsn
22、umber C. room numbers D. rooms numbers解析 : room number 房间号码 . room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的仍有 my phsics teacher, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - two bus drivers 等. 应选 C；学习必备欢迎下载7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home
23、D. room 解析 : family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员 间;而 home 指的是家 , 因此选 C. ; house 指的是房子 住宅 ; room 指的是房8. _ mothers couldn go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter sC. Mary s and Peter D. Marys and Peter解析 : 此句中 “ mothers” 是复数 ,表示两个人各自的母亲 ,因此应选 D；9. Li Lei has been to
24、 _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunt s 解析 : 此句意为 “ 李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”后面的名词 . 因此选 B；. 表示详细场所时 , 可省去全部格10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience 解析 : experience 作 “ 体会”讲时是不行数名词
25、, 作 “ 经受” 讲时是可数名词 . 本句中应懂得为“ 体会”,因此是不行数名词 ,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于确定句 , 不用于否定句 , 因此选 B；11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析 : 此题考查名词的双重全部格.应选 D；12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans C. Frenchmans
26、, Germen B. Germans ,Frenchmans D. Germen , Frenchmen 解析 : Frenchman 是复合词 ,其复数形式为Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾 +S, 应选 A. 【经典练习】（）1.The team _ having a meeting . ”（A. is B. are C. am D. be ）2. “ Would you like _.” “ _, please.A. drink, Three coffees C. a drink, A coffee B. a cup of drink, Coffees D.
27、a drink, Three cups of coffees 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（）3. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of C. the earth and stone, million of B. earths and stones, millions D. the earths and stone
28、s, millions （）4 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost. （A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life ）5. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked. A. my father and mother C. my mothers and fathers B. my mot
29、her and fathers D.my fathers and my mother （）6. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. D. Three A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three class （）7. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers （）8. The market
30、 isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. D. an A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour hour and a half （）9. - What would you like to drink, girls. - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees （）10. During Christmas, people get toget
31、her and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks （）11. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs （）12. After the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks 二全部格练习1. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. 名师归纳总结
32、 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. Teacher B. Teachers学习必备欢迎下载D. Teacher C. Teachers 2. Its June 1st, its _ Day. A. Childrens B. ChildrensC. Childrens D. Childrenss 3. This year, _ is on May 9th. A.My mothers brithday C. My mothers brithdayB. My mothers brithday D. My motherss bri
33、thday 4. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the _ . A. doctor B. doctorsC. doctors D. doctor5. Where is Mr. Zhang. He is in the _ . A. teachers reading room C. teacher reading roomB. teachers reading room D. teachers reading room 6. This is _ ball. Its not _ . A. the boys, girlsB. the boys, the girl
34、sC. the boy, the girl D. boys, girls 7. This year, the most popular _ hat is that kind. A. womans B. womensC. womens D. womans 8. Look at the book, its not mine, and its not yours, so it must be _ . A. somebody elsesB. somebody else C. somebodys else D. somebody else 9. These are _ . A.newspaper of
35、today B.todays newspaperC. todays newspapersD. today newspapers 10. Its about _ from my home to our school. A. twenty minutes walk C. walk of twenty minutes 【家庭作业】B. walk of twenty minutes D. twenty minutes walk （）10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visito
36、rs D. visitors （）11.- How many workers are there in your factory. - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of （）12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven. - It sounds really wonderful. 名师归纳总结 （A. subject B. music C. book D. animal 第 9 页,共 10 页）13. T
37、here is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. place 学习必备欢迎下载D. ground B. room C. field （）14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating it D. （A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk ）15. If you dont take more _, youll get fat. （A. medicine B. lessons C. p
38、hotos D. exercise ）16. My school is about twenty _ walk from here. （A. minute B. minutes C. minutess D. minutes ）17. Mum, I have _ to tell you. A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes much good news （）18. Which is the _ to the post office. A. street B. way C. road D. address （）19. I stayed at _ last Sunday. A. my uncles B. my uncles C. my uncles D. my uncles family 名师归纳总结 （）20. Maths _ not easy to learn. D. were 第 10 页,共 10 页A. are B. isC. am - - - - - - -