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1、人教版新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点精讲 +练习（一）一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do结构表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见Do you think it will rain? You will feel better aft
2、er a good rest. 2. 表示意图I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：（1）will+ 主语 +do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont否定句构成：will + not （wont）
3、+do Sarah won t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词 will 主语？ What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will 改写下列各句例： I don t feel well today. （be better tomorrow ）I ll be better tomorrow . 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight ）_ 2. Im tired now. （sleep later）_ 3. My par
4、ents need a new car. （buy one soon）_ 4. We can t leave right now. （leave a little later ）_ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow ）_ 答案： 1. She ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I ll sleep later. 3. They ll buy one soon. 4. We ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it ll be better tomorro
5、w. （二） should 的用法 ：should 用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should 后边加 not. 例如： I think you should eat less junk food. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lo
6、t. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。学习向别人提建议的几种句式：（1）I think you should （2）Well, you could （3）Maybe you should （4）Why don t you ? （5）What about doing sth.? （6）You d better do sth. 用 should 或 shouldn t填空1. I can t sleep the night
7、before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didn t invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 答案： 1. should 2. shouldn
8、 t 3. should 4. should 5. should （三）过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。1. 构成was /were + doing，例如： I was watching TV at 9 o clock last night. at 9 o clock last night是时间点They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon 是时间段2. 过去进行时的标志词at 8 o clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：I
9、was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）练习用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. This time yesterday I _ _ （read）books. 2. At 9 o clock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a storybook.
10、 4. She _ _（ play）computer games while her mother _ _ （cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call）me yesterday. 答案： 1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called （四）间接引语形成步骤：（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）（3）要考虑时态的变
11、化（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律直接引语间接引语名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - Practice makes perfect! 一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律直接引语1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has 4. will 5. can 6. m
12、ay 间接引语1. was 2. were 3. had 4. would 5. could 6. might 练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _ （read）a book then. 答案： 1. was 2. was 3. went
13、4. might 5. was reading 请转述他人说的话：1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy ）3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike ）4. I m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）（五） if引导的条件状语从句结构： if一般现在时，主语将来含义：如果，将要例如： If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。If need be, we
14、 ll work all night. 如果需要，我们就干个通宵。练一练根据中文提示，完成句子。1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。If you _ the party, you _. 2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。If you often _, you _. 答案：1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic 3. If you of
15、ten listen to English songs, youll like English 二. 完形填空特点及解题思路（一）题型分类与特点完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺
16、、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在
17、150200 个单词之内，多数设置10 个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。（A）Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语
18、） “have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “ Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答复） the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teachers door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn t you
19、 6 it just now? ”“ Yes, sir. But I cant be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn t you sayMay I have two days off? ”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 ushave a day off! ”（）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for （）2. A.
20、thought hardly B. thought hard and hard C. hard thought D. thought and thought （）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr （）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock （）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once （）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do （）7. A. tomorrow B. the day after tomorrow C. yesterday D. the day before
21、 yesterday （）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing （）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by （）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching （B）请根据内容从所给的15 个单词中选出最恰当的10 个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for,
22、 what A generation gap （代沟） has become a serious problem. I read a _（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _（2）after quarrels （争吵） with parents. I think this is _ （3）they dont have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _ （4）time in the office. _ （5）they dont have much time
23、to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _（6）they dont have the same topics（话题） to talk about. I want to _ （7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _（8）your parents. They are the people who _ （9）you. So tel
24、l them your thoughts （想法） . In this way, you can have a better _（10）of each other. 实战操练（答题时间： 80 分钟）一. 选择填空。（）1. Beijing won the chances _ the 2008 Olympics. A. to host B. host C. hosting D. hosted （）2. Tiger Woods can make billions _ dollars a year. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
25、- - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - Practice makes perfect! A. for B. with C. of D. on （）3. You looked so beautiful at the party. _. A. No, I dont think so B. Of course C. Thank you very much D. No, Im not beautiful（）4. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in i
26、t. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little （）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ “Who Moved My cheese ”was an interesting book. A. that B. what C. how D. if （）6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think. I don t agree. Speaking is _ reading. A. as importa
27、nt as B. so important as C. the more important D. the most important （）7. If he _ harder, hell catch up with us. A. work B. works C. worked D. will work （）8. The manager _ that the business would be worse after the stock （股票） went down. A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke （）9. We should keep _ in the
28、 reading-room. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly （）10. I think everything goes on well. _. A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I D. So is I （）11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _. A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off （）12. I m sorry I havent got any money. Ive _ my handbag at home. A. missed
29、B. left C. put D. forgotten （）13. He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes. A. after B. before C. that D. while （）14. It takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train. A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less （）15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser? Sorry, I haven t. Why _ you ask Mary
30、? Perhaps shes got one. A. do B. don tC. did D. didnt二. 选择恰当的答语。_1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? A. Your teacher wont let you in. _2. Will people use paper money in the future? B. He said I couldnt stay out late. _3. I can t sleep, what should I do? C. I was doing my homework. _4. If I w
31、ear jeans to school, what will happen? D. No, they wont. Everyone , will have a credit card. _5. What did your father say? E. You should listen to some relaxing music. 三. 根据汉语提示填空：1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗？I don t know _ to do, can you give me some _? 2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个电话。While the alien was _ a souv
32、enir, I _ the police. 3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。On my way home from school, I saw a cat get _ _ a window. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。I don t want to talk _ it with you _ the phone. 5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊
33、喜的晚会。We are going to have a _ party for John _ Friday evening. 四. 完形填空：把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。Three men went up in a balloon（气球）. They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （绳子） , and it
34、 was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand. After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and
35、 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sa
36、nd. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice. At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travell
37、ed 1,797 kilometres from London! A. The men tried to throw out some more sand B. they were able to change its weight （重量）C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way. D. they climbed to get away from the snow E. the air there was very cold 五. 阅读理解（A）Einstein Was Waiting for His Frien
38、d Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. Hi
39、s clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again. Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies. 1. What did Einstein do? He was _. A. a doctor B. a teacher C. a scientist 2.
40、Why was Einstein on a bridge. A. Because he was writing something on the bridge. B. Because he was waiting for a friend. C. Because he was thinking. 3. It rained _. A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time 4. Einstein _ and began to write something on it. A. bought a piece of paper. B. took
41、a piece of paper from his car. C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket. 5. Which is true? A. Einstein was careful with his work. B. Einstein was careful with his clothes. C. Einstein was careful with his friends. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6
42、页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - Practice makes perfect! （B）生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据15 小题所描述的救护方法，从 A-G 七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画（本题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多选不给分。）1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the pe
43、rson on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth. 2. If the person is bleeding （流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding. 3. If you are bitten （cut by teeth） by an animal, wash the c
44、ut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible. 4. If you are burnt （hurt by fire or something very hot ） , cool the burnt part at once. Run cool （not cold） water over the burn until it is less painful. Then put
45、 a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part. 5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because its very dangerous. The lift may get trapped between floors. Use the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _ Here are some pictures to choose. 六. 写作：（从下列 2 封来信中选择一封写回
46、信。）Dear friend, There will be a party this weekend. All my friends are invited to the party except me. I am angry. And I dont know why they didn t invite me! What do you think? Can you help me? Upset Dear friend, I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad. Yesterday I had an English
47、test and my grade was just so so. I want to improve my English. What should I do? Could you give me some advice? Looking for help Dear _, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 【试题答案】名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - （A）1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C
48、 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B （B）1. report 2. themselves 3. because 4. much / more 5. So 6. that 7. tell 8. to 9. love 10. understanding 参考练习答案：一. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 二. 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B 三. 1. what, advice 2. buying, called 3. out, of 4. a
49、bout, on 5. surprise, on 四. 1. C 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. A 五. （A）1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A （B）1. C 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. E 完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项
50、中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短