《2022年人教版八年级英语语法整理.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年人教版八年级英语语法整理.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 人教版八年级上册英语语法整理Unit 1 How often do you exercise.特别疑问句： wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等；特别疑问句的构成及用法：1. 结构：特别疑问词 + 一般疑问句,即：特别疑问词 +be/助动词 /情态动词+主语 +谓语 /表语（ +其他）疑问代词：1 Who:谁；做主语,用来指人 2）Whom 谁,做宾语,用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree. Whom are you writ
2、ing to.3 Whose 谁的,用来指所属关系, 假如做定语,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this.4 Which 哪个,哪些,用来指对人或物在肯定范畴之内进行挑选 Which grils will in the sports meeting. Which pen is Lilys.5What 什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范畴的情形下 What can you see in the picture. What are you doing now.疑问副词：1 When:何时,询问时间 When will she come back.2 Where 何地,询问地点,
3、Where do you come from.3 Why 为什么,询问缘由,Why are you late for school.4 How 如何,询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school.5 6 7 8 How old 多大,询问年龄, How old is Jims little brother. How many/much 多少,询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree. How far 多远,询问距离,How far is it form your home to school. How
4、long 多长,多久,询问时间的长度或距离How long will you stay in Beijing.9 How often 多长时间按一次,询问频率How often do you go to see your grandparents.10 How soon 多久,询问时间频率副词：表示动作发生的频率,How soon will you come back.never, sometimes, often, usually, always.Unit 2 What s the matter with you.1. 用 have 来描述身体不适have/have got a +疾病名字；
5、得了 病2.情态动词 should,情态动词 should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化,后 接动词原形现在进行时表将来Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation. 一般将来时表示将要做某事或方案准备做某事要用到句型be+doing其中 be 是助动词,它有人称和单复数的变化；Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式,但用于表示将来； 用进行时表将来, 常用于表示即将来临的将来预定要做的事情,一般指个人方案要做的事；用于此情形的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词,如,go, come, leave, start,
6、arrive, move等；一确定句中,结构为 be+doing. I am going shopping this afternoon. 二否定句是在 be之后加 not. I m not going to shopping this afternoon.名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三一般疑问句是将be 置于句首Are you going shopping this afternoon.Yes, I am/ we are. No, I m not./ We arent. 四特别疑问句 疑问词 +一般疑问句语序
7、； What are you doing for vacation. Who are you going there with. When is he going camping. Where is she going.Unit 4 How do you get to school.Grammar: How 引导的特别疑问句： 是指以 How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句；How does he get to shool.- He takes the train to get to shool.How long d
8、oes it take to walk. -It takes about 35 minutes to walk.How far is it from yo ur home to school. Its four miles from my home to school.How old is he now. She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have. I have five storybooks.How much is this coat. This coat is 200 yuan.特别疑问句的简略结构：how ab
9、out .+ 名词或动词 -ing 形式,用于提出建议、恳求或征求看法、询问消息等；如：How about playing tennis.Unit 5 Can you come to my party.t.t swim.Can 是最长用的情态动词,其后跟动词原形,can的否定形式为 cannot,can1. can表才能 ,意思是：能,会I can paly basketball,but I can2. can表示才能时可和be able to 互换, be able to有更多的时态,常被用来表示 can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念；E.g. They will be able to ru
10、n this machine on their own in three months.3. 表示可能性 ,意思是：可以,可能； That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.4. 表示答应,意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.5. 表示惊奇、不信任等（用于疑问句、 否定句或感叹句中 ；意思是 会、可能；This can t be true. Can it be true.二如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请1. 表达邀请的常用句型：Can you come to .Could you come
11、to .Would you like to come to .Do you want to come to .2. 接受邀请的常用句型：Sure. Certainly. OK. I d love to.3. 谢绝邀请的常用句型：I m sorry, I cant. I have toI m afraid I cant. I have toI don t think I can. I have toUnit 6 I m more outgoing than my sister.Grammar: 形容词的比较级一规章变化、不规章变化（课本 P93）二than 是比较级中最常见的标志词,意思是比；用
12、于引出比较的对象； 1.He 名师归纳总结 draws better than me.2.Youre older than I am. You are older than me.第 2 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三形容词比较级前,有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰； Much 和 far 表示 得多 ,much better好得多, a little, a bit 表示略微,一些,一点；a little shorter, 略微矮点；even表示甚至,更加,仍
13、要 even bigger 仍要大些, three times表示 三倍 ,如 three times bigger than 比 大三倍Very 绝不行以用来修饰比较级,very,so,too, quite 修饰原级Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake. 一可数名词英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不行数名词；可数名词指物体的数量可数；其单数形式可在名词前加 a 或 an,表示一个,如 a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加 -s,或-es（特别情形除外）,如 apples a few students few bags 二不行数名词two ba
14、nanas, three tomatoes. Many many 1.不行数名词指物体的数量不行数；不行数名词没有单复数之分,也不能在词前直接加冠词 a 或 an.表示不行数名词的数量时可在不行数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语；如 a bag of 2.常见的量词短语有：a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of3.不行数名词仍可以用下面的词表示数量：much much rain a little little4.既可以修饰不行数名词又可以修饰不行数名词的词有：Lots of= a lot of 很多,大量 一般疑问句） some一些（用于确定句
15、） any 一些（用于否定句和Unit 8 How was your school trip.一般过去时： 指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去意义 的时间状语连用；如：yesterday, last yearweek,month ,two years ago, in2006 有时也可用 when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句； 该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式；谓语be动词 was/were否定： wasnt /weren t一 Be 动词句型 一般疑问句： was/were +主语 特别疑问句：疑问词 +was/were+主语 陈
16、述句：主语 +was/were+ 确定句 否定句：主语 +wasnt/weren t+ 二行为动词句型（当句中的动词为行为动词时,要借助动词 did 构成一般疑问 句和否定句）确定式：主语 +动词过去式 否定式：主语 +didn t+ 动词原形 一般疑问句： Did +主语 +动词原形 特别疑问句： Did+主语 +动词原形Unit 9 When was he born.一般过去时的特别疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样,不同之处在于须将be 动词或助动词改为过去时态,即 特别疑问词 +were 或 was第三人称单数 +主语+（表 语） +其他成分 或特别疑问词 +助动词 did+主语 +实义动词
17、 +其他成分； 一、以 when 引导的特别疑问句,对某人的诞生年月进行提问,句型是：When was/were born. was/were born in +时间 When was David beckham born. 大卫 .贝克汉姆是什么时候诞生的？He was born in 1975.二以 how long 引导的特别疑问句,对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - How long did + 主语 +动词？How long did Charles Smith hiccup.
18、He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months. 三 When did he start hiccupping. 他什么时候开头打嗝？ When +did+主语 +动词？Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player.Grammar: 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用；也表示将来常常或反复发生的动1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday.2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go t
19、o my hometown next week.3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 oclock.5. be + about + 动词不定式The meeting is about to begin.Unit 11 Could you please clean your room.Grammar: 情态动词 情态动词,表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度,包括可能、怀疑、答应、愿望、必要、推测等； Can能、会 ,
20、may 可以 ,must 必需、肯定 等；情态动词的特点： 1情态动词有肯定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必需和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语,且没有人称和数的变化；must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.1. I can speak English. 2. She 2变否定句时,直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词；He can t play the guitar well.He can t answer the question. You mustnt be late.3含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时,须将情态动词提前；Can you help me.
21、 Must I go there at once.4can 可表示才能、答应、可能性、怀疑推测,意为能,会,可以； can意 t, 为不能,不会,不行以； ,仍有 不行能 之意；-Can you drive. Sorry, I canIt cant be true.5can 也可表示恳求与邀请 Can you please sweep the floor.Unit12 What s the best radio s tation.Grammar:形容词 /副词的最高级,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一个最 见课本 p93 语法1. the +最高级 She
22、is the tallest of all her classmates.2. 最高级可被序数词以及 much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like 等修饰； This hat is by far the biggest.3. 表示最高程度的形容词, excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用 比较级； He is an excellent teacher.4. 形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是,被修饰的词往往省略；He is the young
23、est boy in his class.5. Who/Which +be+最高级, A,B,or C. Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car.名师归纳总结 6. the +序数词 +最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.第 4 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. One of the +最高级 +复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers
24、in China.新目标八年级下册（一）一般将来时英语语法学问点精讲 +练习一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态；通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等；be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示准备、预备做的事情或者确定要发生的事情；如： It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见Do you think it will rain. You will feel
25、better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow. 基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：（1）will+主语+do . Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday. （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句： Will there + be . Will there be fewer trees. Yes, there will. / No, there wont否定句构成： will +
26、 not （wont）+do Sarah won t come to visit me next Sunday. 特别疑问句构成：特别疑问词 will主语 ？ What will Sarah do next Sunday. 练一练依据例句,用 will 改写以下各句例： I don t feel well today. （be better tomorrow ）I ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight ）_ 2. Im tired now. （sleep lat
27、er）_ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）_ 4. We can t leave right now. （leave a little later ）_ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow ）名师归纳总结 _ 第 5 页,共 8 页答案： 1. She ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3. They ll buy one
28、soon. 4. We ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow. should 后边（二） should 的用法：should 用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在 加 not. 例如： I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应当少吃垃圾食品；She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她常常开车,很少走路；所以我认为她应当多走路；Students shoul
29、dnt spend too much time playing computer games. 同学们不应当花太多的时间玩运算机嬉戏；学习向别人提建议的几种句式：（1）I think you should（2）Well, you could（3）Maybe you should （4）Why dont you . （5）What about doing sth. （6）Youd better do sth. 练一练用 should 或 shouldn 填空1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower befor
30、e you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you. Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 答案： 1. should 2. shouldn 3. should 4. should 5. should （三）过去进行时过去进行时表
31、示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作；1. 构成was /were + doing,例如：I was watching TV at 9 oclock last nightat 9 oclock last night是时间点They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon 是时间段2. 过去进行时的标志词at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday 等；例如：I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时
32、候我正在吃午饭；At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书；（表示她在那段时间里始终在做那件事情；）练一练名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空；1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a storybo
33、ok. 4. She _ _（play）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call）me yesterday. 答案： 1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking （四）间接引语形成步骤：（1）不要逗号,冒号,引号5. was having; called （2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一样的）（3）要考虑时态的
34、变化（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化；1. 直接引语变成间接引语时,几个主要时态的变化规律直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时一般将来时 过去将来时现在进行时 过去进行时2. 直接引语变成间接引语时,一些词汇的变化规律直接引语1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has 4. will 5. can 6. may 间接引语1. was 2. were 3. had 4. would 5. could 6. might 练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空；1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he
35、 _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then. 答案： 1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 请转述他人说的话：1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）3. I will call you tomorrow. （
36、Mike）4. Im having a surprise party for Lana. （she）（五） if 引导的条件状语从句结构： if一般现在时,主语将来时5. was reading 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 含义：假如 ,将要 例如： If you ask him, he will help you. 假如你恳求他,他会帮忙你；If need be, well work all night. 假如需要,我们就干个通宵；练一练依据中文提示,完成句子；1. 假如你参与聚会,你将会过得很高兴；If y
37、ou _ the party, you _. 2. 假如明天下雨,我们将不去野餐；If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 假如你常常听英文歌,你将会喜爱英语的；If you often _, you _. 答案：1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 名师归纳总结 2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic 第 8 页,共 8 页3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English - - - - - - -