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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载七年级英语下册语法总结一、一般现在时1. 构成：主语 +动词 +其他2. 标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词；3. 否定句： 1当动词是be, can, may, must, should等在其后加 not e.g. I cant play football. t/doesn t 后跟动词原形2当是实义动词时加助动词done.g. I dont like football. She doesn t like footbal
2、l. 4. 疑问句： 1当动词是be, can, may, must, should等将其提前e.g. Can you swim. 2当是实义动词时将助动词 do/does 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形；e.g. Does she like football. 5. 特别疑问句：特别疑问词 +一般疑问句 the morning. 二、现在进行时e.g When does she usually get up in 1. 构成：主语 +be+doing+其他 2. 动词动词 -ing 变化规律：1）一般情形下直接加 -ing, eg. Working 2）以不发音 e 结尾的去 e 加-ing,
3、 eg. Taking 3）以辅音字母 +元音字母 +辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节, 双写末尾辅音字母加 -ing, eg. Stopping 4）特别变化 , lielying 3. 标志词： look, listen, now, at the moment, its oclock4. 否定句： be 动词后加 not e.g. She is not listening to music. 5. 疑问句：将 be 动词提前 e.g . Is she listening to music. 6. 特别疑问句：特别疑问词 +一般疑问句 三、将来时1. 构成：主语 +be going to+动词原形e
4、.g What is she doing now. 主语 will动词原形2. 标志词： tomorrow, next day/month/year 等表示将来的时间 3. 否定句： be 动词后加 not；will 后加 not e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend. 4. 疑问句：将 be 动词提前；将 will 提前 e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend.
5、 Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend. 5. 特别疑问句：特别疑问词 +一般疑问句What are you going to do tomorrow. 四、过去时What will you do tomorrow. 1. 构成：主语 +动词过去时 +其他 2. 标志词： yesterday, just now, ago, this morning, when I was young,last 等 3. 动词动词过去式变化规律：1）一般动词结尾加 -ed, e.g. Walkwalked 2）以字母 e 结尾的动词加 - d, e.
6、g. Live-lived 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载3）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加-ed, e.g. Hurryhurried 4）以辅音字母 +元音字母 +辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节, 双写末尾辅音字母加 -ed, eg. Stop stopped 特别变化详见课本 P172 4. 否定句： 1）动词 be 过去式后直接加 not e.g. I was
7、not in Chengdu last year. e.g. I didn2 当是实义动词时,加助动词didnt 后跟动词原形t telephone my parents yesterday. 5. 疑问句： 1 动词 be 过去式提前e.g. Were you in Chengdu last year. 2 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形e.g. Did you telephone my parents yesterday. 6. 特别疑问句：特别疑问词 +一般疑问句 e.g What did you do yesterday. 五、形容词、副词比较级,最高级1.
8、 形容词（ 1）在句子中做定语,一般放在名词之前；但是当形容词修饰somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody 时,要放于其后；something, e.g. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious. 2 作表语,放在系动词之后；e.g. This kind of dress is expensive. 3 以 a-开头的形容词,一般在句子中只能作表语；asleep in the room. e.g. Keep quiet. My baby is 4 作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后；e.g
9、. The good news makes us very happy. 2. 副词 副词在句子中主要做状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词；修饰动词时,一般放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首； 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前；e.g. I cant hear you clearly. 3. 比较级用法（1）可以单独使用eg. I hope to do better in English. （2）和 than 一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao. （3）其他几种用法a. 两者比较,哪一个更怎么样
10、？Who/Which + be+比较级,A or B. e.g. Who did better, Lucy or Lily. b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义 比较级 +than any other+n.+比较级范畴（in/of ） =比较级 +than any of the others+ in/of =比较级 +than the other+n.+in/of 在同一范畴内比较 比较级 +than any + n.+ in/of 在两个不同范畴内比较 e.g. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is
11、bigger than any city in Shangdong Province. c. 越来越怎么样？比较级 +and+比较级e.g. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. d. 有范畴的两者之间的比较用the+形容词比较级 +of the twoeg. My mother is the busier of the two. e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有：much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still 等细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
12、第 2 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备欢迎下载形容词的最高级前4. 最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,必需加定冠词 the,副词前的 the 可以省略；a. 最高级 +范畴eg. Changjian is the longest river in China. b. 主语 +be+one of the+形容词最高级 +名词复数 +比较级范畴（of/in 短语）,表示最 的 之一 ；eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous h
13、eroes in China. c. 主语+be+the+序数词 +形容词最高级 +单数名词 +比较范畴,表示 是 的第几 ；eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.八年级上册语法复习一、 行为动词的一般过去时1、过去式的构成规章（1）一般情形下在动词原形后直接加-ed. 如： want wanted （2）以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词,去掉 e 再加 -ed. 如： hopehoped （3）重读闭音节单词需双写最终一个辅音字母再加-ed. 如： stop stopped （4）以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词改 化,
14、要逐一熟记；2、实义动词过去式的句式；y 为 i,再加 -ed. 如：studystudied 留意：不规章动词变确定式：主语 +动词过去式 +其它；如： They had a good time yesterday. 否定式： 主语 +did not（didnt）+动词原形 +其它；如：They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：Did+主语 +动词原形 +其它？确定回答： Yes,主语 +did. 否定回答： No,主语 +didn t. 如：Did they have a meeting two days ago？Yes,they did. / No ,t
15、hey didn t. 特别疑问句：特别疑问词 +did+主语 +动词原形 +其它？如： What time did you finish your homework ？3一般过去时的用法：a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态；My father worked in Shanghai last year. b.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作,常与 often ,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用；I often went to school on foot. c.与 when 等连词引导的状语从句连用；When he got home ,he had a short rest. 4一般过
16、去时的时间状语：a moment ago （刚才）,yesterday morning ,last night/ week , 第 3 页,共 9 页 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载the day before yesterday （前天）,just now （刚才）,in 2006, three days ago 等 对应练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空1. I _ go to school yes
17、terday. 2. She_ play football last week. 3. Look. Jack _ sing now. 4.You_readthe new paper the day before yesterday. 5. I _ see Jack in the zoo last weekend. 6. I _ do my homework last night 7.She _openthe mailbox the day after tomorrow. 8. I _ help the little baby drink the milk the next morning. 9
18、. The farmers _ work on the farm next week. 10. My parents_ watch TV last Monday. 句型转换1. I went to the party last Friday. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ to the party last Friday. 2. I had a nice time last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ nice time last Sunday. 3. We went to London two years ago. （对划线部分提问）_ _ you_ to Lond
19、on. 4. He did his homework in the morning. （改为否定句）He_ _ his homework in the morning. 二、 现在完成时谓语构成：助动词have / has +动词的过去分词用法：（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,刚刚 ,before 以前 等词连用；常与 already 已经 , ever 曾经 ,yet ,just （2）表示过去发生的动作连续到了现在,常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用；标志词：（1）just,never ,ever, already, yet 等（2）for 一段时间； sin
20、ce点时间或引导时间状语从句（一 般多为过去时（3）so far到目前为止 ；in the past/last 表示一段时间的词语 各种句式结构：确定式：主语 +have/has+过去分词 +其他 Lucy has lived here since 2001. e.g I have lived here for ten years. 否定式：主语 +havent/hasn t+过去分词 +其他 e.g They havent had breakfast yet. 一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 +其他？e.g Have you ever been to Beijing. 特别
21、疑问句： 疑问词 +have/has+主语 +过去分词 +其他？e.g How long has he lived here. 练习：写出以下动词的过去分词形式：1、 see2、 hear3、study 4、stop5、 write 6、teach7、 catch 8、 go9、 play 10、live 11、make12、forget 一考查现在完成时的一般用法 1 Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening. No,I wontI_it already 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 Asaw Bhave see
22、n Csee Dwill see Aread Bis 第 4 页,共 9 页 2.Gone with the Wind is a well known novel She_ it twice - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -reading Creads 学习必备欢迎下载 For D has read 3 How long_ you_ here. about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; liv
23、e C. do; stay D. have changed （二）考查非连续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式 1 OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new. No,I_ it since two years ago. Ahad Bhave had Cbought Dhave bought 2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend He_it for a week Ahas borrowed B.has lent C.has kept D lend Ahas left 3.The students are
24、 sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half an hourBhas gone C. has been away D. has gone away 三考查 havehas been to,havehas gone to 与 have has been in 的区分 1 Wheres your father. He_ ShanghaiHell be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been to C have gone to Dhave been to 2 Where is David. He_to England
25、 on businessAis going Bhas gone Chas been Dgoes 3. _ you ever_ to the United States. -Yes, twiceAHave; gone BHave; been CDo；go D Were; going 四考查 for 与 since 接时间状语时的区分 1 What a nice dog. How long have you had it. -_two yearsAFor BSince C. In 2Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993 A. for Bat Cin Ds
26、ince 五考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区分 1-He has already gone to England-When_ he_ there. Awill; go B is; going Cdid; go Dhas; gone 2 Have you read this book. yes, I_it two weeks ago. Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread 六现在完成时在特定语境下的使用 1 Helen,I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can. Yes,but Ifew
27、er mistakes than I usually do Awas making B have made Cwill make D had made Started. Finished！Guo Yue_Ais winning Bwins Cwill win Dhas won 2 Has the match started. 3. Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years. So he can speak quite good English. A. had 第 5 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - learned B. has learne
28、d C. will be learning D. learns 4. The film_for half an hour. A. has begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. began 5. You dont have to describe her. I_her several times. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met 6. Miss Yang is not at home. She_to the school library. A. went B. has been 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料
29、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -C. goes D. has gone 学习必备欢迎下载 7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._. A. hasnt he B. has he C. does he D. doesnt he 三、过去进行时谓语构成 : was/were+ 现在分词 V-ing 用法：表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态（昨天这个时候）时间状语： at this time yesterday
30、at that time last week （上周那个时候）at nine yesterday evening （昨晚九点时）from seven to ten last night（昨晚从七点到十点） 等, when 或 while 引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句；e.g I was reading a newspaper when he came in 他进来时,我正在看报；While I was walking home, I met Mr Green. 我步行回家时遇到了格林先生 . My father was reading a newspaper while my mother
31、was cooking. 妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报；注： while 引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句,两个过去进行时并用,表示动作同时发生；各种句式结构 : 确定式：主语 +was/ were +v-ing + 其它e.g He was sleeping when she arrived. 她到达时他正在睡觉；否定式：主语 + waswere not +v- ing+ 其它e.g They werent planting trees at nine yesterday . 昨天早上九点他们不在植树；一般疑问句： WasWere+主语 +v-ing +其它 . e.g Was he playing
32、football when you rang me. 你打电话给我时 他正在踢足球吗. 特别疑问句: 疑问词 +waswere+主语 +v -ing +其它 . e.g What was Peter doing at this time last week. 上周这个时候彼特在于什么. 练习：用 was/were 填空 : 1、Ilistening to the music. 2、Sheplaying the piano. 3、Theylooking at the flowers. 4、Wehaving a picnic. 5、Lingling watching TV. 6、Two boysr
33、eading book. 7、Your uncle and aunt visiting the Great Wall. 8 、Everyone having lunch. 9、Peopleworking on the farm. 10、Some women singing pop music. 用所给动词的适当形式填空；1.You_ have a meeting at 9 last Monday morning 2.They_ playfootball when I passed 3.She_ takea walk when we had a talk 4._they _ tryto draw
34、 horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in. 5. The students _ 1istento the teacher carefully while he was teaching ；四、反意疑问句语法归纳1、概念：当我们陈述一个事实,而又不是很有把握,就可以在陈述句后加一 个简短问句,称为反意疑问句；意义：相当于中文的“ , 对吧 /是吧 .”构成：陈述句 +简短问句【助动词/系动词 be/ 情态动词 +主语（代词）】规律：陈述句是确定的, 简短问句用否定形式；而陈述句是否定的,简短问句就用确定形式； 第 6 页,共 9 页 （
35、前肯后否,前否后肯）；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载2、祈使句用于反意疑问句中这种类型较特别,前一部分是祈使句,后一部分是确定疑问形式；句型 1: Let s+动词原形 +其它,shall we. 例：Let s go for a walk, shall we. 而Let us go for a walk, will you. 句型 2:其它形式的祈使句, will you. Come into t
36、he classroom, will you. Please be careful, will you. Dont panic（恐慌） ,will you. 留意： There be 句型1 There is an old picture on the wall, isn t there. 2. There arent any children in the room, are there. 3.There wasnt a telephone call for me, was there. 4There were enough people to pick apples, werent the
37、re. 5There will be a basketball match tomorrow, won t there. 值得留意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上 not ）,而是用上了never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody 等表否定意义的词,后半部分应用确定疑问式； You have never been to Beijing, have you. Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he. There is little milk in the bottle, is there. He could
38、 do nothing, could he. 练习：完成以下反意疑问句：1. Mary listened to pop music,_ _. 2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _. 3.He has few friends at school,_ _. 4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _. 5.You cant dance to jazz,_ _. 6.They werenncert,_ _. 7.Let s stop writing,_ _. 8.Don 五、动词不定式t be late,_ _. 动词不定式是中学英语的语法重点
39、之一,也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一；它是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语；其构成形式为to+动词原形, to 为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义；动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点,因此,后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式短语；2.具出名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等；（一）、动词不定式作主语 1. Its hard for us _English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning 2. Its very nice _ you
40、to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for , of B. of, for C. to, for D. of, to 简析动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词 it作形式主语,而将真正的主语 不定式 置于后面；常见的句式有：1It is +形容词 of sbto do sth.2It is +形容词 for sbto do sth.3It takes sb some time to do sth.4It is + 名词短语 for sbto do sth. 句式 1中常用 nice, kind, clever,
41、good, right , wrong , foolish, careless 等形容词,与介词of 搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式规律主语的属性或性质；句式2中常用hard,difficult , easy, important 等形容词,与介词 质；（二）、动词不定式作宾语 1. He wants _ some vegetables. for 搭配,表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking 3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep 简