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1、2010考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a globa
2、l pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years. The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Ch
3、ile and elsewhere. But the pandemic is moderate in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organizations director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global noti
4、ce in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the Unite
5、d States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A H1N1, not seasonal flu. Zov&0 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 -
6、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 1 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile
7、 and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those initial doses were of the F
8、luMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young
9、 people. Section Reading comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points Text1 The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a
10、sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby?s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture. All but two pieces sold, fetc hing more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the
11、oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm double th
12、e figure five 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, gre
13、ed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst?s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise
14、 of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector for Chinese contemporary art they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the wor
15、ld?s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby?s and C hristie?s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the m
16、ost serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie?s chief executive, says: “I?m pretty confident we?re at the bottom. ”What makes thi
17、s slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christ ie?s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half o
18、f 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds death, debt and divorce still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away
19、, waiting for confidence to return. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as “a last victory”because _-. A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryies B.the
20、auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids C.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis 22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3,the author suggests that_ . A . col
21、lectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries C.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying 23.Which of the
22、 following statements is NOT ture? A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008. B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum. C.The market generally went downward in various ways. D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come. 24.The three Ds mentioned i
23、n the last paragraph are _ A.auction houses favorites 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - B.contemporary trends C.factors promoting artwork circulation D.styles representing impressionists 25.The most appropriate title for this
24、 text could be _ A.Fluctuation of Art Prices B.Up-to-date Art Auctions C.Art Market in Decline D.Shifted Interest in Arts(编辑Text2 I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room - a womens group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particul
25、arly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said Shes the talker
26、 in our family. The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. Its true he explained. When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going wed spend the whole evening in silence. This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend
27、 to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in
28、the late 70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of c
29、ases in the United States every year - a virtual epidemic of failed conversation. In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their sha
30、re of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: He doesnt listen to me He doesnt talk to me. I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but fe
31、w husbands share this expectation of their wives. In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk. 26.What is mos
32、t wives main expectation of their husbands? A.Talking to them. B.Trusting them. C.Supporting their careers. D. Shsring housework. 27.Judging from the conte xt ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2most probably means _ . A generating motivation. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
33、 - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - B.exerting influence C.causing damage Dcreating pressure 28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_ A.men tend to talk more in public tan women B.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation C.women attach much importa
34、nce to communication between couples Da female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse 29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ? A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists . B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities. C.Husband and wof
35、e have different expectations from their marriage. D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different. 30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on _ A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk B.a detailed description of the stereotypical
36、cartoon C.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker Txet3 over the past decade, many companies had perfected t
37、he art of creating automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues. “There are fundamental public he
38、alth problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can?t figure out how to change people?s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter & Gamble,
39、 Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers? lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you?ll find that many of the pr oducts we use every day chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfectin
40、g wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health camp
41、aigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands. A few decades ago, many people didn?t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and n
42、ow office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - cleanser f
43、or use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup. “Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Ga
44、mble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a h uge part of improving our consumers? lives, and it?s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning hav
45、e learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods. 31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like
46、hand washing with soap_. A should be further cultivated B should be changed gradually C are deepiy rooted in history D are basically private concerns( 编辑: 32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to_ A reveal their impac t on people?habitsB show the urgen
47、t need of daily necessities Cindicate their effect on people?buying powerDmanifest the significant role of good habits 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - 33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create p
48、eople?s habits? ATide BCrest CColgate DUnilver 34.From the text wekonw that some o f consumer?s habits are developed due to _ Aperfected art of products Bautomatic behavior creation Ccommercial promotions Dscientific experiments 35.the author?sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people
49、?s habits is_ Aindifferent Bnegative Cpositive Dbiased Text4 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 19 页 - - - - - - - - - Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all ci
50、tizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or natio