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1、A 安全网 safety net 按可比口径on comparable basis 按轻重缓急to prioritize 暗补 implicit subsidy 暗亏 hidden loss B 颁发营业执照to license;to grant a licence to 办理存款业务to take deposits 保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmersincentive to produce 备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves 本外币并账consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外币对冲
2、操作sterilization operation 本位利益localized interest;departmentalism 奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do 避税（请见 “ 逃税” ） tax avoidance 币种搭配不当currency mismatch 币种构成currency composition 变相社会集资disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising 表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items （operation）薄弱环节weak
3、nesses;loopholes 不变成本fixed cost 不变价 at constant price;in real terms 不动产 real estate 不良贷款（资产）problem loans；non-performing loans（assets ）C 财务公司finance companies 财政赤字fiscal deficit 财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank （over monetary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取
4、循序渐进的方法in a phased and sequenced manner 操作弹性operational flexibility 操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate 产品构成product composition;product mix 产品积压stock pile;excessive inventory 产销率 current period inventory; （即期库存，不含前期库存） sales/output ratio 产销衔接marketability 产业政策industrial policy 长期国债treasury bonds 敞口头寸ope
5、n position 炒股 to speculate in the stock market 承购包销underwrite（securities ）成套机电产品complete sets of equipment;complete plant （s）城市信用社urban credit cooperatives （UCCs）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 城市合作银行urban cooperative banks
6、;municipal united banks 城市商业银行municipal commercial banks 城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growth in household income 持续升温persistent overheating 重复布点duplicate projects 重置成本replacement cost 重组计划restructuring plan 筹资渠道funding sources;financing channels 初见成效initial success 出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports 出口退税expor
7、t tax rebate 储蓄存款household deposits （不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits ，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。 ）储蓄分流diversion of household deposits 储源萎缩decline in the availability of household savings 传导机制transmission mechanism 从价税 ad valorem tax 从紧控制tight control 存贷款比例loan/deposit ratio 存款保险体系deposit insurance system 存款货币银行deposi
8、t money banks 存款准备金required reserves D 打白条 issue IOU 大额存单certificate of deposit（CD）大额提现withdraw deposits in large amounts 大面积滑坡wide-spread decline 大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-bank system 呆账（请见 “ 坏账” ） bad loans 呆账准备金loan loss reserves （provisions）呆滞贷款idle loans 贷款沉淀non-performing loans 贷款分类loan classif
9、ication 贷款限额管理credit control;to impose credit ceiling 贷款约束机制credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism 代理国库to act as fiscal agent 代理金融机构贷款make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽贷款ear-marked loans 倒逼机制reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition 道德风险moral hazard 地区差别regiona
10、l disparity 第一产业the primary industry 第二产业the secondary industry 第三产业the service industry;the tertiary industry 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 递延资产deferrable assets 订货不足insufficient orders 定期存款time deposits 定向募集raising fund
11、s from targeted sources 东道国（请见 “ 母国” ） host country 独立核算independent accounting 短期国债treasury bills 对冲操作sterilization operation;hedging 对非金融部门债权claims on non-financial sector 多种所有制形式diversified ownership E 恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation 二级市场secondary market F 发行货币to issue currency 发行总股本total stock issue 法定准备金re
12、quired reserves;reserve requirement 法人股 institutional shares 法人股东institutional shareholders 法治 rule of law 房地产投资real estate investment 放松银根to ease monetary policy 非现场稽核off-site surveillance（or monitoring）非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions 非赢利性机构non-profit organizations 分税制 assignment of central
13、and local taxes;tax assignment system 分业经营segregation of financial business（services ） ;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions 风险暴露（风险敞口）risk exposure 风险管理risk management 风险意识risk awareness 风险资本比例risk-weighted capital ratios 风险资本标准risk-based capital standard 服务事业收入pub
14、lic service charges;users charges 扶贫 poverty alleviation 负增长 negative growth 复式预算制double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account G 改革试点reform experimentation 杠杆率 leverage ratio 杠杆收购leveraged buyout 高息集资to raise funds by offering high interest 个人股 non-institutional shares 根本扭转fundamenta
15、l turnaround （or reversal ）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 公开市场操作open market operations 公款私存deposit public funds in personal accounts 公用事业public utilities 公有经济the state-owned sector;the public sector 公有制 public ownership 工业
16、成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio 工业增加值industrial value added 供大于求supply exceeding demand;excessive supply 鼓励措施incentives 股份合作企业joint-equity cooperative enterprises 股份制企业joint-equity enterprises 股份制银行joint-equity banks 固定资产贷款fixed asset loans 关税减免tariff reduction and exemption 关税减让tariff concessions 关税优惠tar
17、iff incentives;preferential tariff treatment 规范行为to regularize（or standardize ）behavior规模效益economies of scale 国计民生national interest and peoples livelihood 国家对个人其他支出other government outlays to individuals 国家风险country risk 国际分工international division of labor 国际收支balance of payments 国有独资商业银行wholly stat
18、e-owned commercial banks 国有经济（部门）the state-owned （or public）sector 国有企业state-owned enterprises （SOEs）国有制 state-ownership 国有资产流失erosion of state assets 国债回购government securities repurchase 国债一级自营商primary underwriters of government securities 过度竞争excessive competition 过度膨胀excessive expansion 过热迹象signs
19、 of overheating H 合理预期rational expectation 核心资本core capital 合资企业joint-venture enterprises 红利 dividend 宏观经济运营良好sound macroeconomic performance 宏观经济基本状况macroeconomic fundamentals 宏观调控macroeconomic management （or adjustment）宏观调控目标macroeconomic objectives （or targets ）坏账 bad debt 还本付息debt service 名师资料总结
20、 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 换汇成本unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings 汇兑在途funds in float 汇兑支出advance payment of remittance by the beneficiarys bank 汇率并轨unification of exchange rates 活期存款demand deposits 汇率失调e
21、xchange rate misalignment 混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership 货币政策态势monetary policy stance 货款拖欠overdue obligations to suppliers J 基本建设投资investment in infrastructure 基本经济要素economic fundamentals 基本适度broadly appropriate 经济金融术语汉英对照表（续表二）所有者权益owners equity T 逃税（请见 “ 避税” ） tax evasion 套汇 （1）指合法： currency swa
22、p;arbitrage （2）指非法： illegal purchase of foreign exchange 剔除季节性因素seasonally adjusted 调节流动性to influence liquidity level 贴现窗口discount window 同比 on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year 同业拆借（放）inter-bank borrowing（lending）同业拆借市场利率（中国）CHIBOR（China inter-bank offered rate ）同业融通票据int
23、er-bank financing bills 同业往来inter-bank transactions 透支 overdraft 退税 tax refund（rebate ）头寸 position 吞吐基础货币adjustment of monetary base 脱媒现象disintermediation W 外部审计external audit 外国直接投资foreign direct investment （FDI）外汇储备foreign exchange reserves 外汇调剂foreign exchange swap 外 汇占 款the RMB counterpart of fo
24、reign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings 外向型经济export-oriented economy 外债 external debt 外资企业foreign-funded enterprises 完善现代企业制度to improve the modern enterprise system 完税凭证tax payment documentation 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 -
25、 - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 违法经营illegal business 委托存款entrusted deposits 稳步增长steady growth 稳健的银行系统a sound banking system 稳中求进to make progress while ensuring stability 无纸交易book-entry（or paperless/scriptless ）transaction 物价监测price monitoring X 吸纳流动性to absorb liquidity 稀缺经济scarcity econo
26、my 洗钱 money laundering 系统内调度fund allocation within a bank 系统性金融危机systemic financial crisis 下岗工人laid-off employees 下游企业down-stream enterprises 现场稽核on-site examination 现金滞留（居民手中）cash held outside the banking system 乡镇企业township and village enterprises （TVEs）消费物价指数consumer price index （CPI）消费税 excise（c
27、onsumption）tax 消灭财政赤字to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit 销货款回笼reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system 销售平淡lackluster sales 协议外资金额committed amount of foreign investment 新经济增长点new sources of economic growth 新开工项目new projects;newly started projects 新增贷款incremental credit; l
28、oan increment; credit growth; credit expansion 新增就业位置new jobs;new job opportunities 信贷规模考核review the compliance with credit ceilings 信号失真distorted signals 信托投资公司trust and investment companies 信息不对称information asymmetry 信息反馈feedback（information）信息共享系统information sharing system 信息披露information disclos
29、ure 信用扩张credir expansion 信用评级credit rating 姓“ 资” 还是姓 “ 社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist行政措施administrative measures 需求膨胀demand expansion; excessive demand 虚伪存款window-dressing deposits 削减冗员to shed excess labor force 寻租 rent seeking 迅速反弹quick rebound 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载
30、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - Y 养老基金pension fund 一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation 一级市场primary market 应收未收利息overdue interest 银行网点banking outlets 赢利能力profitability 营业税 business tax 硬贷款（商业贷款）commercial loans 用地审批to gran
31、t land use right 有管理的浮动汇率managed floating exchange rate 证券投资portfolio investment 游资（热钱）hot money 有市场的产品marketable products 有效供给effective supply 诱发新一轮经济扩张trigger a new round of economic expansion 逾期贷款overdue loans;past-due loans 与国际惯例接轨to become compatible with internationally accepted 与国际市场接轨to inte
32、grate with the world market 预算外支出（收入）off-budget （extra-budgetary ） expenditure（revenue ）预调 pre-emptive adjustment 月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis Z 再贷款 central bank lending 在 国 际 金 融 机 构 储 备 头 寸reserve position in international financial institutions 在人行存款deposits at （with） the cen
33、tral bank 在途资金fund in float 增加农业投入to increase investment in agriculture 增势减缓deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum 增收节支措施revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures 增长平稳steady growth 增值税 value-added tax （VAT）涨幅偏高higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth 账外账 concealed acc
34、ounts 折旧 depreciation 整顿 retrenchment;consolidation 政策工具policy instrument 政策性业务policy-related operations 政策性银行policy banks 政策组合policy mix 政府干预government intervention 证券交易清算settlement of securities transactions 证券业务占款funding of securities purchase 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
35、- - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 支付困难payment difficulty 支付能力payment capacity 直接调控方式向to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments 间接调控方式转变职能转换transformation of functions 职业道德professional ethics 指令性措施mandatory measures 指令性计划mandatory plan;administered plan 制定和实施货币政策to
36、 conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy 滞后影响lagged effect 中介机构intermediaries 中央与地方财政delineation of fiscal responsibilities 分灶吃饭重点建设key construction projects;key investment project 周期谷底bottom（trough）of business cycle 周转速度velocity 主办银行main bank 主权风险sovereign risk 注册资本regist
37、ered capital 逐步到位to phase in;phased implementation 逐步取消to phase out 抓大放小to seize the big and free the small （to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）专款专用use of funds as ear-marked 转贷 on-lending 转轨经济transition economy 转机 turnaroun
38、d 转折关头turning point 准财政赤字quasi-fiscal deficit 准货币 quasi-money 资本不足under-capitalized 资本充足率capital adequacy ratio 资本利润率return on capital 资本账户可兑换capital account convertibility 资不抵债insolvent;insolvency 资产负债表balance sheet 资产负债率liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets 资产集中asset concentration 资
39、产贡献率asset contribution factor 资产利润率return on assets （ROA）资产质量asset quality 资产组合asset portfolio 资金成本cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost 资金到位fully funded （project）资金宽裕to have sufficient funds 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 17 页 - - - -
40、- - - - - 资金利用率fund utilization rate 资金缺口financing gap 资金体外循环financial disintermediation 资金占压funds tied up 自筹投资项目self-financed projects 自有资金equity fund 综合国力overall national strength（often measured by GDP ）综合效益指标overall efficiency indicator 综合治理comprehensive adjustment （retrenchment ）;over-haul 总成交额t
41、otal contract value 总交易量total amount of transactions 总成本 total cost 所有者权益owners equity T 逃税（请见 “ 避税” ） tax evasion 套汇 （1）指合法： currency swap;arbitrage （2）指非法： illegal purchase of foreign exchange 剔除季节性因素seasonally adjusted 调节流动性to influence liquidity level 贴现窗口discount window 同比 on year-on-year basis
42、;over the same period of the previous year 同业拆借（放）inter-bank borrowing（lending）经济金融术语汉英对照表（续表三）基准利率benchmark interest rate 机关团体存款deposits of non-profit institutions 机会成本opportunity cost 激励机制incentive mechanism 积压严重heavy stockpile;excessive inventory 挤提存款run on banks 挤占挪用unwarranted diversion of （fin
43、ancial） resources （from designated uses ）技改投资investment in technological upgrading 技术密集型产品technology-intensive product 计划单列市municipalities with independent planning status 计划经济planned economy 集体经济the collective sector 加大结构调整力度to intensify structural adjustment 加工贸易processing trade 加快态势accelerating t
44、rend 加强税收征管稽查to enhance tax administration 加权价 weighted average price 价格放开price liberalization 价格形成机制pricing mechanism 减亏 to reduce losses 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 简化手续to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedure
45、s 交投活跃brisk trading 缴存准备金to deposit required reserves 结构扭曲structural distortion 结构失调structural imbalance 结构性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance 结构优化structural improvement（optimization）结汇、售汇sale and purchase of foreign exchange 金融脆弱financial fragility 金融动荡financial turbulence 金融风波financial disturbance 金融恐
46、慌financial panic 金融危机financial crisis 金融压抑financial repression 金融衍生物financial derivatives 金融诈骗financial fraud 紧缩银根to tighten monetary policy 紧缩政策austerity policies;tight financial policies 经常账户可兑换current account convertibility 经济特区special economic zones （SEZs ）经济体制改革economic reform 经济增长方式的转变change i
47、n the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains ）经济增长减速economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth 经济制裁economic sanction 经营自主权autonomy in management 景气回升recovery in business activity 境外投资overseas investment 竞争加剧intensifying competition 局部性金融风波localized（isolated
48、）financial disturbance K 开办人民币业务to engage in RMB business 可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainable economic growth 可变成本variable cost 可自由兑换货币freely convertible currency 控制现金投放control currency issuance 扣除物价因素in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis 库存产品inventory 跨国银行业务cross-border banking 跨年度采购cross-year procurement
49、会计准则accounting standard L 来料加工processing of imported materials for export 离岸银行业务off-shore banking（business ）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 理顺外贸体制to rationalize foreign trade regime 利率杠杆的调节作用the role of interest rates in r
50、esource allocation 利润驱动profit-driven 利息回收率interest collection ratio 联行清算inter-bank settlement 连锁企业franchise（businesses ）;chain businesses 良性循环virtuous cycle 两极分化growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution 零售物价指数retail price index（RPI）流动性比例liquidity ratio 流动资产周转率 /流通速度velocity of liq