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1、KEY TO COMPUTER ENGLISH TEST PAPER ONE （120 minutes）Part One: Translate the following words from English into Chinese and vice versa. (10 points) template（模板）algorithm （算法）retrieve（检索）embed（把嵌入）firmware （固件）topology （拓扑结构）metadata（元数据）surfer （网上冲浪者）bandwidth（带宽）spreadsheet（电子数据表，电子表格）调制解调器（ modem）节点
2、（ node）扫描仪（ scanner）域（ domain）微芯片（ microchip ）网关（ gateway）工作站（ workstation ）（鼠标）点击（click）虚拟的（ virtual）端口（ port）Part Two: Translate the following phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa. (10 points) 源代码（ source code）数据库对象（ database object）硬件平台（ hardware platform ）搜索引擎（ search engine ）地址总线（ a
3、ddress bus）character set（字符集）command-line interface （命令行界面）entity relationship diagram （实体关系图）public key cryptosystem （公钥密码系统）root hub（根集线器）Part Three: Write in full the following abbreviations and give their Chinese meaning. (10 points) GUI（Graphical User Interface图形用户界面）IP（ Internet Protocol 网际协议）
4、HTML （ Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言）BBS（ Bulletin Board System公告板系统）SQL（ Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言）Part Four: T ranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. (20 points) UNIX is a popular operating system among computer programmers and computer scientists. It is a very power
5、ful operating system with three outstanding features. First, UNIX is a portable operating system that can be moved from one platform to another without many changes. The 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - reason is that it is w
6、ritten mostly in the C language instead of a machine language for a specific system. Second, UNIX has a powerful set of utilities (commands) that can be combined in an executable file called a script to solve many problems that require programming in other operating systems. Third, it is device inde
7、pendent because it includes the device drivers in the operating system itself, which means that it can be easily configured to run any device. In summary, UNIX has every feature that a powerful operating system has. The only criticism heard often about UNIX is that its commands are short and esoteri
8、c （深奥的）for normal users; in fact, it is very convenient for programmers who need short commands. UNIX 是一个在计算机程序设计员和计算机科学家中广为流行的操作系统。它是一个非常强大的操作系统，具有三个显著的特点。第一，UNIX 是可移植的操作系统，可以只经过少量改动而从一个平台移植到另一个平台。原因是它多半用C 语言编写，而不是用于特定系统的机器语言。第二，UNIX拥有一套功能强大的实用程序（命令），它们能够组合成被称为脚本的可执行文件，去解决许多问题，而这一工作在其他操作系统中则需要通过编程来
9、完成。 第三， 它具有设备无关性，因为操作系统本身就包含了设备驱动程序，这意味着它易于配置，去运行任何设备。概括地说，UNIX 具有一个强大的操作系统所拥有的一切特点。惟一经常听到的有关UNIX 的批评是， 它的命令短而且对一般用户来说很深奥。事实上， 这一点对于需要短命令的程序设计员非常方便。PAPER TWO Part One: Choose among the four choices the one that best completes the sentence. (10 points) 1. A _ copy is a copy of a current file made in
10、order to protect against loss or damage. A. hard B. backupC. soft D. file 2. The infamous “Michelangelo” _ strikes thousands of computers every year on March 6th. A. cracker B. hacker C. virusD. disease 3. A _ is a set of rules that controls the interaction of different devices in a network or inter
11、network. A. model B. protocolC. dialog D. query 4. After I finished the last paragraph, I moved the _ back to the third paragraph and deleted a sentence. A. icon B. mouse C. joystick D. cursor 5. These days it is not uncommon for one to see people using _ everywhere-even on airplanes. A. laptopsB. d
12、esktops C. minicomputers D. microcomputers 6. Their company used international lawyers to prosecute a crime ring involving software _ in Thailand. A. cloning B. copying C. duplication D. piracy 7. Some restaurants have provided touch _ computers to enable their customers to order food via the comput
13、er without having to tell someone. A. menu B. window C. display D. screen 8. _ printers are being phased out and replaced by printers that can produce clean type. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - A. Laser B. Inkjet C. Dot-mat
14、rixD. Drum 9. The abbreviation HTTP stands for Hypertext _ Protocol. A. TransferB. Transportation C. Transmission D. Transition 10. A(n) _ area network spans a city or a town and provides services to individual users or organizations. A. urban B. wide C. local D. metropolitan 11. For some time , we
15、ve been experiencing some _ in this particular program. It cannot run in a normal way. A. routines B. loops C. bugsD. defaults 12. Data _ can reduce the amount of data sent or stored by partially eliminating inherent redundancy. A. compressionB. conversion C. configuration D. compilation 13. Confide
16、ntiality of the message is not enough in a secure communication; _ is also needed. The receiver needs to be sure of the sender s identity. A. encryption B. authorization C. authenticationD. encapsulation 14. When you send a document electronically, you can also sign it. This is called _ signature. A
17、. online B. digitalC. virtual D. simulated 15. To access a page on the WWW, one needs a _ that usually consists of three parts: a controller, a method, and an interpreter. A. router B. code C. password D. browser16. The abbreviation USB stands for Universal _ Bus. A. SerialB. Sequential C. Symmetric
18、 D. Syntactic 17. The data, when they are not encrypted, are called _. A. plaintextB. ciphertext C. hypertext D. context 18. Whereas the decimal system is based on 10, the _ system is based on 2. There are only two digits in the latter system, 0 and 1. A. bilateral B. binaryC. byte D. bit 19. Just a
19、 minute, Im waiting for the computer to _ up. It won t take long to start it. A. activate B. scroll C. bootD. log 20. A hardware or software malfunction can cause a system to _. A. crush B. crashC. crack D. collide Part Two: Match the following abbreviations with their Chinese meaning. (10 points) 2
20、1. AOL ( 30 ) A. 个人数字助理22. COM ( 28 ) B. 综合业务数字网23. Mbps ( 22 ) C. 组件对象模型24. Kbps ( 27 ) D. 对象请求代理程序25. POP ( 29 ) E. 可扩展标记语言26. ISP ( 21 ) F. 美国在线服务公司27. ORB ( 23 ) G. 兆位每秒28. ISDN ( 24 ) H. 千位每秒29. XML ( 25 ) I. 邮局协议30. PDA ( 26 ) J. 因特网服务提供者名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
21、 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - Part Three: Read the passages and decide on the best answers for the questions that follow each passage. (20 points) Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: Operating systems have gone through a long history of evolution. Batch opera
22、ting systems were designed in the 1950s to control mainframe computers. At that time, a computer was a large machine using punched cards for input, line printers for output, and tape drives for secondary storage media. Each program to be executed was called a job. A programmer who wished to execute
23、a job sent a request to the operating room along with punched cards for the program and data. The programmer did not have any control of or interaction with the system. The punched cards were processed by an operator. If the program was successful, the result was sent to the programmer; if not, a pr
24、intout of the error was sent. Operating systems during this era were very simple; they only ensured that all of the resources were transferred from one job to the next. To use computer system resources efficiently, multiprogramming was introduced. The idea is to hold several jobs in memory and only
25、assign a resource to a job that needs it on the condition that the resource is available. For example, when one program is using an input/output device, the CPU is free and can be used by another program. Multiprogramming brought the idea of time sharing: Resources can be shared between different jo
26、bs. Each job can be allocated a portion of time to use the resource. Because a computer is much faster than a human, time sharing is transparent to the user. Each user has the impression that the whole system is serving him or her. Multiprogramming, and eventually time sharing, tremendously improved
27、 the efficiency of a computer system. However, it required a more complex operating system. The operating system now had to do scheduling: allocating the resources to different programs and deciding which program should use which resource when. During this era, the relationship between a computer an
28、d a user also changed. The user could directly interact with the system without going through an operator. A new term was also coined: process. A job is a program to be run; a process is a program that is in memory and waiting for resources. When personal computers were introduced, there was a need
29、for an operating system for this type of computer. During this era, single-user operating systems such as DOS (disk operating system) were introduced. The need for more speed and efficiency led to the design of parallel systems: multiple CPUs on the same machine. Each CPU can be used to serve one pr
30、ogram or a part of a program, which means that many tasks can be accomplished in parallel instead of serially. The operating system for these systems is more complex than the ones with single CPUs. Networking and internetworking have created a new dimension in operating systems. A job that was previ
31、ously done all on one computer can now be shared between computers that may be thousands of miles apart. A program can be run partially on one computer and partially on another computer if they are connected through an internetwork such as the Internet. In addition, resources can be distributed. A p
32、rogram may need files located in different parts of the world. Distributed systems combine features of the previous generation with new duties such as controlling security. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 31. A system with m
33、ore than one CPU requires a _ operating system. A. batch B. time-sharing C. parallelD. distributed 32. Multiprogramming requires a _ operating system. A. batch B. time-sharingC. parallel D. distributed 33. The earliest operating system, called _ operating systems, only had to ensure that resources w
34、ere transferred from one job to the next. A. batchB. time-sharing C. parallel D. distributed 34. A _ operating system is needed for jobs shared between distant connected computers. A. batch B. time-sharing C. parallel D. distributed 35. Because a computer is much faster than a human, the user _. A.
35、can easily notice time sharing B. is unaware of time sharing C. can see through time sharing D. cannot keep up with time sharing Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage: Images today are represented in a computer by one of two methods: bitmap graphic or vector graphic. In the first met
36、hod, an image is divided into a matrix of pixels, where each pixel is a small dot. The size of the pixel depends on what is called the resolution. For example, an image can be divided into 1000 pixels or 10,000 pixels. In the second case, although there is a better representation of the image (bette
37、r resolution), more memory is needed to store the image. After dividing an image into pixels, each pixel is assigned a bit pattern. The size and value of the pattern depend on the image. For an image made of only black-and-white dots (e.g., a chessboard), a 1-bit pattern is enough to represent a pix
38、el. A pattern of 0 represents a black pixel and a pattern of 1 represents a white pixel. The patterns are then recorded one after another and stored in the computer. If an image is not made of pure white and pure black pixels, you can increase the size of the bit pattern to represent gray scales. Fo
39、r example, to show four levels of gray scale, you can use 2-bit patterns. A black pixel can be represented by 00, a dark gray pixel by 01, a light gray pixel by 10, and a white pixel by 11. To represent color images, each colored pixel is decomposed into three primary colors: red, green, and blue (R
40、GB). Then the intensity of each color is measured, and a pattern (usually 8 bits) is assigned to it. In other words, each pixel has three bit patterns: one to represent the intensity of the red color, one to represent the intensity of the green color, and one to represent the intensity of the blue c
41、olor. The problem with the bitmap graphic method is that the exact bit patterns representing a particular image must be stored in a computer. Later, if you want to rescale the image, you must change the size of the pixels, which creates a ragged or grainy look. The vector graphic method, however, do
42、es not store the bit patterns. An image is decomposed into a combination of curves and lines. Each curve or line is represented by a mathematical formula. For example, a line may be described by the coordinates of its endpoints, and a circle may be described by the coordinates of its center and the
43、length of its radius. The combination of these formulas is stored in a computer. When the image is to be displayed or printed, the size of the image is given to the system as an input. The system redesigns the image with the new size and uses the same formula to draw the image. In this case, each ti
44、me an image is drawn, the formula is reevaluated. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 6 页 - - - - - - - - - 36. In the bitmap graphic method of representing an image in a computer, the number of bit patterns assigned to each pixel depends on the _ of
45、 the image. A. size B. resolution C. intensity D. color 37. The higher the resolution of an image, the _ the size of a pixel. A. smallerB. bigger C. A or B D. none of the above 38. In the bitmap graphic method of representing an image in a computer, a ragged look can be created when you rescale the
46、image because _. A. the pixels are made smaller B. the pixels are made larger C. A or BD. none of the above 39. In the vector graphic method of representing an image in a computer, the image is stored in the form of _. A. curves and lines B. mathematical formulas describing certain features of curve
47、s and lines C. mathematical formulas D. mathematical formulas describing coordinates of curves and lines40. A gray scale picture is digitized using four different gray levels. If the picture is composed of 100 100 pixels, _ bits are needed to represent the picture. A. 10000 B. 20000 C. 40000 D. 8000
48、0 Part Three： Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary. (10 points) store operation item independent problem programmer perform combination passive activeObject-oriented programming uses an approach to problem solving that is totally d
49、ifferent from procedural programming. You can think of a data item in both languages as an object. Aprogram can be thought of as a series of operations that you want to perform on the object. In procedural programming, the objects are totally separate and independent from the operations. The objects
50、 can be stored on a computer, and different programs using different operations are applied to them. In other words, in procedural programming, the objects are passive. They do not have any operations defined for them. The programmers define the operations and apply them to the objects. In object-or