《2022年动词的名词形式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年动词的名词形式.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载定义 由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特点,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念；动名词的名词特点表现在它可在句子中当名词 来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语；它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语；作用 动名词具出名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；作主语 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术；Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是好玩；Working in these conditions is not a pleasur
2、e but a suffer. 开心的事而是一件痛楚的事；在这种工作条件下工作不是一件动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加 Ing,使该动词或动词短语,出名词的各种特点,可作名词敏捷使用；如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝告这样的人加入真是铺张时间；It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难；It is fun playing with chil
3、dren. 和孩子们一起玩真好；There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑；动名词作主语的几种类型动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分；主语的情形进行争论；动名词作主语有如下几种常见情形：1. 直接位于句首做主语；例如：Swimming is a good sport in summer. 在这里仅就动名词在句子中作2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词 真实主语 置于句尾作后置主语；动名词做主语时,不太常用it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后；例如：It is no use telling him not to wor
4、ry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词仍有：better,wonderful ,enjoyable,interesting,foolish ,difficult ,useless, senseless,worthwhile ,等；留意： important ,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构；3. 用于 “ There be ”结构中；例如：There is no saying when hell come. 很难说他何时回来；4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中；例如：No smoking =No smoking is allowed here . （禁止吸烟）No
5、parking. （禁止停车）5. 动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的规律主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的全部格,构成动名词的复合结构 这时,名词或代词的全部格做动名词的规律主语 可以在句中作主语；例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 6例词 shopping fishing cycling 这些都是很常见的动名词 二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较；动名词的复合结构也名师归纳总结 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语；在意义上相近； 但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象第 1 页,共 7 页- - - - -
6、- -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载动作,不定式多用来表示特指或详细动作；比较：Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 留意：1在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见；2在“ It is no use.,“ It is no good.,“ It is fun.,“ It is a waste of time.等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语：It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about tha
7、t. *It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that. 3在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：Does your saying that mean anything to him. *Does for you to say that mean anything to him. 4在“ There be ”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语：There is no telling what will happen. It is impossible to tell what will happen.
8、 5当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一样的原就,主语和表语在形式上要求统一：Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe. 作宾语 1作动词的宾语 某些动词后显现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式； 常见的此类动词 up,cannot 有： admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give help,imagine,include,keep,understand,keep on,mind,report,risk,
9、miss,put off,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,insist on,cant help,feel like,be used to,get used to,devote to,get down to,escape 等；如：They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们连续走,说个不停；I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.
10、 在海滩上走真是乐事；,look forward to,pay attention Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规章时,他经常妄想躲避罚款的处分；2作介词的宾语划；备；We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work. 我们休息呢仍是开头干活？3作形容词的
11、宾语The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍；We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为立刻到来的运动会忙着做准作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what 引导的名词性从句；表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Your task is cleaning the windows
12、. 学习必备欢迎下载Cleaning the windows is your 你的任务就是擦窗户；task. What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑；Being laughed at is what I hate most. 作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途；如：a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is
13、used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 结构和形式 动名词的否定结构动名词的否定结构由 not 动名词组成；如：Trying without success is better than no
14、t trying at all. 试验没有胜利也比不试验好；He hated himself for not having work hard. 他懊悔自己没有用功；I m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很愧疚,没有早给你打电话；He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到伤心；I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了； （not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式）There is
15、no denying the fact that he si diligent. （ no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定）动名词复合结构通常情形下, 动名词的规律主语为谓语动词的主语；假如动名词动作的发出者不是谓语 动的主语时, 就需要有自己的规律主语物主代词或名词全部格加动名词就构成了动名词的复 合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等；1规律主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必需用名词或代词全部格,作宾语时（特别在 口语中）,也可用名词一般个或人称代词宾格；如：Do you think my going there will be of any help. 你看我去会有什么帮忙吗？（宾
16、语）The student s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位同学通晓英语对他学法语很有帮忙；（主语）Do you mind myme smoking 你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语）s Mary going with them there. They insist on Mary他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿；（介词宾语）2规律主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词一般格；如：Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof. 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？Is there any hope of
17、our team winning the match 我们对赢得竞赛有期望吗？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3 逻辑主语学习必备欢迎下载词或不定代词this 是指示代that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone 时,只用一般格；如：She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了；形式（一般式,完成式和被动式）1 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表 示的动作
18、之后；如：We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感爱好；His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮忙；但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前；如：after,on,upon,或 for 之后,常用一般式代替完成I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 我永久不会遗忘第一次看到长城的情形；On hearing that bad news,the mother could
19、nt help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来；Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅；Thank you for giving us so much help. 感谢你给了我们这么多帮忙；2 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或终止；He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他懊悔没有参与这项工作；We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了夸奖；3动名词的被动
20、式：当动名词的规律主语是行为承担者时,用被动语态；如：I like being given harder work. 我喜爱接受难点的工作；She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被高校录用而感到骄傲；The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商议；He doesnt mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批判；规律主语 带有规律主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构；当动名词的规律主语与句子的主语不一
21、这便构成了动名词的复合结构；其中物 致时, 要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词全部格,主代词 （名词全部格）是规律上的主语,动名词是规律上的谓语；动名词复合结构在句中可 作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句；如：Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙激励了我们全部人；=That she came to help encouraged all of us. Janes being careless caused so much trouble. 简的马虎惹来了不少麻烦；=That Jane was careless c
22、aused so much trouble. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - What学习必备欢迎下载烦扰他们的是食物不足；=Whats s troubling them is their not having enough food. troubling them is that they have not enough food. 在口语中, 假如动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词全部格常用名词一般格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替；如：Would you mind my/me u
23、sing your computer. 用下你的电脑介意吗？The father insisted on his sons/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上高校；Marys 不行用 Mary being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很焦急；His 不行用 Himsmoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人特别愤怒；在以下情形下动名词的规律主语必需用名词的一般格或人称代词宾语：a.无命名词 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly s
24、hutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒；b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have you ever heard of women practising boxing. c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列你听说过妇女练拳击吗？Do you remember your parents and me telling about this. 你记得你父母和我都告知过你 这事吗？时态和语态 动名词的时态和语态如下：时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 其否定形式是在 doing 前加上
25、not 1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将 来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作；如：I hate talking with such people. 我厌恶与这样的人说话；Being careless is not a good habit. 马虎不是一个好习惯；2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前；如：I don t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他；感谢你费劲帮忙；Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.
26、3、动名词的规律主语同时也是动名词动作的承担者,动名词用被动语态；1它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生；如：I don t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下,我不喜爱被别人嘲笑；2它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前；如：牌；I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很兴奋你能获得这样的奖3在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这好像是一种强大的习惯；如：Excuse me for being late.
27、 我来晚了请你原谅；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I don t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原先在什么地方见过；Thank you for giving us so much help. 感谢给我们这么大的帮忙；4在多数情形下都防止使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得 累赘,特别是在口语中；如：I forget once being taken having been taken to the city zoo. 可我忘了；5动名
28、词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,省略；如：我曾被带到过这个动物园,但无进行意义, being 不行She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前；常见题型 1） 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数 2） 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词 3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或全部格形式给出规律主语 例：I would appreciate_ back this afternoon. Ayou to call B you call C you calling D you也对）4） 有些词后只能接动名词
29、re calling（ Key： C；换成 your callingacknowledge;admit; advise;advocate;allow;appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; cant help; hinder; imagine; it inv
30、olves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand. 5） 另外仍有一些接-ing 形式的常用说法s not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spenit s no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; itmoney/time; theres no; ther
31、es no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可 remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean 后面均可用不定式和-ing 形 式,但意义截然不容；例：remember to do/doing ：I remembered to post the letters.（指将来 /过去将来将要做的动作）I remembered posting/having posted the letters. （我记得做过这个动作）fo
32、rget 与 remember 的用法类似；regret 的用法：I regret to inform you that（我很遗憾地通知你 ）” 而遗憾；）I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（为了 “二十年前的离开try to （努力）与try + ing（试验）：You really must try to overcome your shyness. Try practicing five hours a day. 编辑本段动名词与现在分词的同与不同动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing；在现代语
33、法中,这名师归纳总结 两种形式同视为-ing 形式 ；这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的,第 6 页,共 7 页它们都保留了动词的某些特点,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语, 而构成动名词短语或是现在- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载分词短语去担当句子成分；例如：Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful . （现在分词短语,作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴致勃勃的；She hates speaking in the public. （动名词短语,作宾语）
34、她不喜爱在公众场所讲话；区分：1动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区分方法是：作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“ 是” ,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如：换 My hobby is swimming. 可改为 Swimming is my hobby. 可将原句中的主语与表语位置互现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如：The story is interesting . 不行改为： Interesting is the story. 2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区分在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该
35、名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等；试比较：a swimming boy 和 a swimming suit 前者的意思是 “一个正在游泳的男孩” ,即 a boy who is swimming, 现在分词 swimming 表 示被修饰名词 boy 的动作；而后者的意思是“ 游泳衣 ” ,即 a suit for swimming, 动名词 swimming 表示 suit 的用途；a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car 前者的意思是 “一个正在睡觉的孩子” ,即 a child who is sleeping, 现在分词 sleeping 表示被修饰名词child 正处于的状态；而后者的意思是“ 卧车 被用来睡觉的车厢 ”,即a car which is used for sleeping, 动名词sleeping 表示 car 的用途；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页