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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载情态动词一、 考点、热点回忆【词汇辨析】1. sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time: sometimes: 有时 ”=at times. He is sometimes late for school.some times: 几次 ” I have been to Nanjing some times. sometime: 某一时刻 ” I bought it sometime last spring.Well meet again sometime next week. some
2、 time: 一段时间 ” We have to stay here for some time.2. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little 1many 修饰可数名词,much 修饰不行数名词；都表示很多；例如：很多书 很多牛奶2a few 和 a little 都表示 有一点儿 ,侧重于确定,相当于a little 修饰不行数名词,例如：He has a few friends in London. -Would you like some coffee. -Yes, just a little. some ,但 a few 修饰可数名词,3few
3、 和 little 表示 几乎没有 ,侧重 否定 ；few 后接可数名词,little 后接不行数名词；例如：He is a strange man. He has few words. Hurry up, there is little time left. 【固定搭配】 加-ing be busy doing sth. 忙于做 eg: Mother is busy cooking. look forward to + doing sth. 期望做 eg: Tom looks forward to seeing his father again. Thank you for doing st
4、h. 为了 感谢你eg: Thank you for your help. have fun doing sth 开心地做某事 eg: I had great fun playing in the water. =have a good time doing sth eg: I had a good time playing in the water. have problem/trouble/difficulty indoing sth. 做某事有困难eg: I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours. 【情态动词】又叫情态助动词；它
5、们具有以下 特点 ： 它们必需与其他动词连用,即：情态动词动词原形表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等； 绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s （以 be 和 have 开头的情态动词短语除外）； 在意义上,情态动词具有“多义性 ” ；例： can 既可表示才能,又可表示可能、答应等意义；【情态动词的基本用法】1. can 的基本用法：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载 表示体力或智力上的才能,即“ 能够,会 ” ,可与 be able to 转换；例： He
6、 can speak English. = He is able to speak English. Can you play basketball. No, I can . t 假如表示 将来 具备的才能,要用 will be able to；例： If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. 表示 许可 ,主要用于口语,书面语一般用 may；例： Can we go home now, please. No, you can . t You can only smoke in this room. You can kee
7、p the library books for more than a month. 表示“可能 ” ,与 may 同义,但一般用在疑问句中；例： What can he possibly want. 在否定句中,否定形式can t 表示估计 “不大可能 ”；例： Anybody can make mistakes. The news can be true. 与第一、二人称 连用时,仍可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为 提出建议 ；在这里,也可用 could 使语气动听 ；例： Can / Could we meet again next week. 下周我们可以再见面吗？What sh
8、all we do. 我们怎么办呢？ We can / could try asking Lucy for help. 我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看；You can / could help me with the cooking. 你可以帮我做饭；2. may 的基本用法 : 表示“许可 ” ,用 can 比较口语化；例： You may / can come if you wish. 假如你想来,你就来；You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公园内不许摘花；（ may not 表示按规定不许可,假如用 mustnt就表示说话人不许可；） May I s
9、moke here. 我可以在这里抽烟吗？ No, you mustnt.不行；（ mustn t表示明确的禁止；） 确定句中表示估计,“ 可能” ；例： It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨；The news may not be true. 这个消息可能不会是真的；留意：假如 在疑问句中表示“ 可能” ,通常用 can；例： Can it be true. 那会是真的吗？Who can he be. 他到底是谁呢？ 【留意】 ： May I/we ？Yes, you may ./No, you mustnt. 3. must 的基本用法 : 表示 必需 ,强调说话人的
10、主观意志；名师归纳总结 例： I must go now, or Ill be late.第 2 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载,而不是 mustnt；You must be here by ten o clock.neednt ,或 don t have to 【留意】：表示“ 必需“ 时,must 的否定式为也就是： Must I/we do it now ？ Yes, you must . No, you neednt/dont have to . 例： Must I go with them. No, you
11、. 表示 估计 ,一般只用于 确定陈述句 ,表示特别确定；例： She didn t look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看,肯定是愤怒了；He is good at English. He must know the word. 他英语好,准知道这个词；You must be Mr. Jones. 想必您就是琼斯先生吧；4. have to 的基本用法：have to 可视为情态动词,但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同；其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化,而 have to 却有人称和数的变化 例： I / You / We / They have to .He
12、 / She / It has to . You don have to . Does she have to .,要视主语的不同而变化；have to =have got to,意思是“必需,不得不 ” ；和 must 不同之处： must 强调主观需要have to 强调客观需要；例： Sorry, I have to leave now. 对不起,现在我得走了；I ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去参与一个会议；Will he have to work deep into the night. 他将不得不工作到深夜吗？5. need 的基本用法：need 的基本
13、词义是 “需要 ”,它既可作情态动词,又可作实义动词； need 用作 情态动词 时,只用于否定句和疑问句；它只有一种形式,后接动词原形；例： I don t believe you need worry. 我信任你没有必要着急；Need we go so soon. 我们需要这么早就去吗？ Yes, we must. / No, we neednt. 是的,必需；不,不必；So I needn tell him, need I. 所以我不需要告知他,对吧？请比较以下两句话的不同意思：You needn t buy the coat. 你没有必要买那件外衣；（你仍没买）You needn t
14、have bought the coat. 你没有必要买这件外衣的；（而你却买了）【留意】 ： Need I/we ？Yes,you must ./No, you neednt/ dont have to . need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化；假如 人作主语 ,一般后接带to 的动词不定式；即need to do sth；假如 物作主语 ,一般后用need to be done 或 need doing sth；例如： I need to look up this word in the dictionary. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学
15、习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载My watch needs mending/to be mended. 我的手表需要修理了；We dont need to work today. = We needn work today. Does he need to go right now. = Need he go right now. 6. had better 的基本用法：had better 常略作 d better；现代语法认为它是一个助动词,由于它后接不带 to 的动词不定式；had better do sth 意思是 “最好做某事；仍是做某事比较好” ；例
16、： You d better get some sleep. 你最好睡一会儿；You d better not do that again. 你最好别再做那件事；What had we better do now. 我们现在怎么做才好呢？Hadnt we better tell her the truth. 我们是否最好不告知她真相 . 【留意】： Youdbetter .表示劝说或委婉的命令,对长辈不宜使用；7. could, should, would, might 表示估计： . must 多用于确定句中表示 把握性极大的估计 ,意思为 “ 肯定、确定 ” ；如 : You have w
17、orked hard all day. You must be tired. 你已辛苦工作一成天了 ,肯定累了；The book must be his. His name is on the cover. 这本书肯定是他的 ,封面上写着他的名字；【留意】must 不表估计时 ,在确定句中意思为“必需 强调内在的职责 ” ,在否定句 中意思为 “ 不许、禁止 ” ,以它开头的疑问句否定回答常用 neednt或 dont doesn t have to如 :We must obey the traffic rules. 我们必需遵守交通规章；Cars mustnt be parked here.
18、 此处严禁停车；Must we hand in the papers this week. 我们必需本星期交论文吗 . No, you needn不,你们不必 本星期交 ； . can / could 多用于 否定句、疑问句 或感叹句 中表示 估计、怀疑 ,两者在时间上没有差别；用 can 时不信任的程度更强一些 , cant经常译为 “不行能 ” ；如 :The man under the tree canTom. He s gone to England.这个人不行能是 Tom,他已经去英国了；Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year
19、-old boy. 他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了 ,这能是真的吗 . Could this be an excuse. 这会不会是个借口 . How can you be so careless. 你怎么这样马虎 . .may / might 多用来表示 把握性不大的估计,意思为 “或许、可能 ” , might比 may 的把握性更小一些；may not 在否定句中经常译为“可能不 ” ；留意区分 “ 不行能 ” 与“ 可能不 ” 在把握性大小上的差异； 如 :Mr. Wang may know Professor Lis telephone n umber.王先生或许知道李教授的电话号码；Th
20、is might be the key Tom has been looking for. 这可能就是汤姆始终在找的钥匙；She may not be there today. 今日她可能不在那儿；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载二、 典型例题【中考链接】（）1 Who is the man over there. Is it Mr. Li. No, it _ be him. Mr. Li is much taller. （A. mustnt B. may no C. can t D. needn
21、 t）2 Must I go with them tomorrow ？ No, you _. （A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant ）3 _ I take some photos in the hall. No, you _. （A. Can, needntB. Must, mustnt C. Could, wont D. May, mustnt）4Dad, must I finish my homework today. No, you _. You may do it tomorrow. （A. needn t B. mustnt C. don
22、t D. won t）5 The lake is said to be dry. Is that true. It _.Look, some kids are swimming in it. A. must be true B. can t be true C. may not be true （）6 What is your mother going to do this Saturday. I m not sure. She _ go to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may （）7 Susan has bought a large hous
23、e with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive. I never even dream about it. （A. must B. might C. can t D. shouldnt ）8 Listen. Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall. （No, it be him. He has gone to Japan. D. can tA. needn tB. may not C. mustn t）9Let s go to the West Hill Park by taxi.Oh, i
24、t is not far away from here. We _take a taxi. （A. couldnt B. mustnt C. needn t D. can t）10Can you play the piano. Yes, I _. I often practice it on weekends. A. needn t B. need C. can t D. can 三、课后练习一、用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better 的适当形式填空：1. You _ return the library book on time. 2. I _
25、 not find the way to the hospital. _ you show me the way. 3._ I finish the work right now. No, you _ not. You _ do it later. 4. He said he _ not come tonight. 5. Her mother was ill. She _ stay at home and look after her. 名师归纳总结 6.It s time for class. You _ stop playing football or you _be late for c
26、lass.第 5 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载7. We _ start right now, or they would get there first. 8. The cloud is lifting, so it _ not be a rainy day tomorrow. 二、挑选填空（）1.Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon. Yes, you _. A. must B. can C. may D. need （）2. Must I be in
27、 hospital for a week , Doctor. No, you （A.mustn tB. needn tt C. can t）3. The desk is not dirty. You _clean it. （A. mustn tB. shouldn tC. needn ）4. May I watch TV for a while？No, you _. You have to finish your homework first. （A. shouldnt B. needn t C. mustn t D. won t）5.Is Jessica giving us a speech
28、 this evening. No, it _be her. She_ to Japan. （A. mustn t; has goneB. mustn t ;has beenC. can t ;has goneD. can t ;has been）6. Its the library. So you_ know shouting is not allowed here.（A. can B. must C. need D. may ）7. Boys and girls, dont forget your report . It _ today. （A. ca nt finishB. can t
29、be finishedC. should finish D. should be finished ）8.Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning. （No, he _ ,because he didnt know my address.A. couldn tB. can tC. mustn tD. may not ）9. Must I mop up the window now. No, you_. （A.needn tB. can tC. shouldn tD. mustn t）10. Is Lucy knocking at the
30、 door. No. It _ be Lucy. She is in Japan now. （A. needn t B. must C. can t）11. Another cup of coffee. No, thanks. I _ be off. Mary is waiting for me. （A. can B. may C. must D. might ）12. I m a little tired. Lets go to the zoo by taxi.（We take a taxi. Its not far from here. D. needn tA. can t B. must
31、nt C. couldn t ）13. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its very dangerous.（A. don t B. mustnt C. needn t D. wouldnt）14. Must I finish watering the flowers now. No, you_. 名师归纳总结 A. must B. won t C. needn t D. can t第 6 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载（）15. I can t
32、 give up smoking, doctor. For your health, Im afraid you _.A. may B. can C. have to D. must （）16. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would （）17. Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulations. You _ be very proud of
33、 it. A. can B. need C. would D. must （）18. Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting. I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know. A. can B. may C. need D. shall （）19. _I borrow these magazines. Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. 名师归纳总结 （A. Must B. Would C. May D.
34、 Need ts dangerous.第 7 页,共 8 页）20. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. ItD. wouldnA. don t B. needn t C. mustn t - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载典型例题例 1 答案C 分析：表示否定的推测用cant ；must 表示估计时,意为“肯定 ”,只能用于确定句,而must的否定 must not（mustnt）表示 “ 不应当 ” 、“不许可 ”、“ 不准 ” 、“禁止 ”等；例 2 答案C 分析
35、：在回答带有must 的问句时, 否定式常用need not = neednt,表示 “不必 ”,而不用 must not,由于 must not 表示 “不行以 ”；例 3 答案 D 分析：此题第一句是恳求对方的答应,需要用 May,其否定式为 mustnt；例 4 答案 A；对于以情态动词 must 提问的疑问句,否定回答要用“ No, 主语 +neednt ”,故由问句中的 must 和答句中的 No 可选 A；例 5 答案 B 例 6 答案 C 例 7 答案 A考查情态动词must 表示确定的估计； 结合关键信息 “ I never even dream about it.可知题意为
36、“ 它肯定是特别贵的 ”,故排除 B、C、D 三项；例 8 选 D；此题考查 cant表示否定的估计； 四个选项都是情态动词的否定形式,分别意为 “ 不能；不行能 ” 、“ 千万不能 ” 、“应当 ”、“ 可以；可能 ” ；结合关键信息“ He has gone toJapan. ”可知 “ 他不行能是约翰教授” 应选 D；例 9 选 C 例 10 选 D；以 can 引导的一般疑问句再作确定回答时仍是用 can；课后练习一、 1. must 2. can t, Could3. Must, neednt, may4. couldn t5. had to 6. must, may 7. had
37、better 8. can t二、1A2B3C4 选 C；对于情态动词 may 的一般疑问句的确定回答为：Yes,you may / can . 否定回答为： No, you mustn 5C6B7D8A9A 10 选 C；考查情态动词 can t表示估计的用法；can t表示否定的估计；must 表示确定的估计；由题意“ 不行能是露西,她现在在日本” 可知应选 C；11 选 C；考查情态动词 must 的用法； 结合关键信息 “Mary is waiting for me. 可知题意为 “我必需离开了 ” ,故排除 A 、B、D 三项,选 C；12 选 D；四个选项都是情态动词的否定式,结合
38、关键信息“It s not far from here. 可知 “我们不必乘出租车” ,故排除 A、B、C 三项,选 D；13 选 B；考查情态动词 mustn t的用法； mustn t意为 “ 肯定不能 ” ,由 “很危急 ”可知用 mustn ,应选 B；14 选 C；考查对 must 开头的一般疑问句的回答；以 must 开头的一般疑问句, 作否定回答时用情态动词 needn ,故正确答案为 C；15 选 C；考查情态动词 have to 的用法； may 意为 “ 可能、或许 ”,can 意为 “ 能、会 ” ,have to 意为 “必需、不得不”,表客观要求,而 must 表主观愿望；依据题意“ 为了健康,你必需戒烟” 可选 C；16 选 B17 选 D 18选B；考查情态动词 may表示估计；结合前句 “I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. 可知题意为 “ 他可能知道（我们将在哪里开班会）”,应选 B；may表示可能性的估计,常用在确定句中；19 选 C 20 选 C名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页