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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载中学英语状语从句【考点直击】1. 时间状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 3. 缘由状语从句 4. 结果状语从句 5. 比较状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8. 地点状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句；依据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,缘由状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句；1. 时间状语从句 1 时间状语从句常用 when, as, whil e, before, after, since, till, until,
2、 as soon as 等连词来引导；例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. Whil e he was doing his homework, the tel ephone rang. As he walked al ong the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a littl e Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middl e school, he went to work in a factory. 2 在时
3、间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态；例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. 3 在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,假如主句用确定式,其含义是“ 始终到 时” ,谓语动词只能用连续性动词；假如主句用否定式,其含义是“ 直到The young man read till the
4、 light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We won t start until Bob comes. Don t get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句 1 条件状语从句通常由 if, unless 引导；例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow. Dont leave the buil ding unl ess I tell you to. 才 ”, “ 在 以前不 ”, 谓语动词可用瞬时动词；例如：2 在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动
5、作或状态；例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won t be late unless he is ill. 3 “祈使句+ and or+ 陈述句 ” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句；例如：Hurry up, or you ll be late. =If you don t hurry up, you ll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 缘由状
6、语从句 1 缘由状语从句通常由 because, since, as 引导；例如：He didn t come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you cant answer the question, I ll ask someone else. 名师归纳总结 2because 表示直接缘由,语气最强；Because 引导的缘由状语从句多放在主句之后；回答由why 提出的问题,只能用第 1 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - -
7、 - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载because； As 和 since 语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的缘由；由-Why aren t going there. -Because I don t want to. As he has no car, he cant get there easily. Since we have no money, we can t buy it. 3because 和 so 不能同用在一个句子里；4. 结果状语从句 sothat, such that, so that 引导；例如：1 结果状语从句由 He is so poor that he can t buy
8、a bike for his son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I coul dnt see it. 2so that 语 such.that 可以互换；例如：as 和 since 引导的缘由状语从居多放在句首；例如：在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中,so 是副词,与形容词连用；其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词） + that + 从句” ；例如：He was so glad that he coul dnt say a
9、 word. The hall is so big that it can hol d 2,000 peopl e. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 在由 suchthat 引导的结果状语从句中,such 是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不行数名词；名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带；假如是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词 a 或 an；例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms tha
10、t he coul d almost touch the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的；例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody w
11、ants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. 3 假如名词前由 many, much, littl e, few 等词修饰时,只能用 so, 不用 such；例如：Soon there were so many d eer that they ate up all the wil d roses. He has so littl e time that he can t go to the cinema with you. 5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级+ than 等
12、连词引导；例如：Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one. 6. 目的状语从句1 目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导；例如：We started early so that we coul d catch the first train. He studies hard so that he coul d work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time.
13、2so that既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句；区分这两种从句的方法有两个：1目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等； 2 从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确；例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 目的状语从句 Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. 结果状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 1 让步状语从句通常由 although, though 等连词引导；例如：Though he is young, he knows a l o
14、t. Although I am tired, I must go on working. 名师归纳总结 2althoughthough不能用在同一个句子中；例如：第 2 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载我们不能说： Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应当说： Though it was raining hard, he still went out.8. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句常常由 where 来引导；例如：Go where you like
15、. Where there is a will, there is a way. 【实例解析】 1. 20XX 年北京市海淀区中考试题或 It was raining hard, but he still went out. You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 答案： A；该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的挑选；从意思上看,从句应是一个条件状语从句,在这四个选项中只 有 if 能引导条件状语从句,所以选 A；2. 2
16、0XX 年江西省中考试题 -Shall we go on working. -Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 答案： D；该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的挑选；从意思上看,只有选 3. 20XX 年徐州市中考试题 None of us knew what had happened _ they tol d us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though 答案： B；该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词挑选；本句的意思是“ 在 思应用“notu
17、ntil ” 这一句型；4. 20XX 年泉州市中考试题 -I hope you ll enjoy your trip, dear. -Thank you, mum. I ll give you a call _ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till though 才能说得通； 以前我们没人知道这件事； ” 要表达着一意答案： B；该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的挑选；此题的意思是“ 一到那里,我就给你打电话；” 要表达这个意 思应选用 as soon as；状语从句在复合句中作状语,修饰动词、形容词或副词等；状语从句可以
18、表示时间、条件、缘由、地点、目的、结果、让 步、方式、比较等意义；学问梳理：提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点！各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before 条件 If, unless 缘由 As, because, since 地点 Where 目的 So that, in order that 结果 So that, so that, such that让步 though, although, even if, however 方式 As 比较 than, notas as, 时间状语从句：W
19、henever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个伴侣；条件状语从句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着,我就要学习；缘由状语从句：Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边,能享受到好的天气；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载地点状语从句：Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能
20、看到的位置；目的状语从句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完,你可以开头另一个；结果状语从句：He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了；让步状语从句：Though he is in poor health, he works hard. 虽然他身体不好,但是他工作很努力；方式状语从句：Students do as the teachers say.同学们依据老师说的去做；比较状语从句：The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得
21、难；例题解析：举一反三,学的更轻松！易混引导词while, when, as 的区分：时间段 ,与连续性动词连用（=while ）；如：when 既可以指 时间点 ,与瞬时动词连用,也可以指When he came in, his mother was cooking. When While we were at school, we went to the library every day. While 表示时间段 ,因此, while 从句的谓语动词要用连续性动词；如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working. As 与 when
22、 用法相像,但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生,有 随着 或 一边 一边 之意；如：As you get older, you get more knowledge. 随着年龄的增长,你获得的学问就越多；2 Because,as,since 的区分：Because用于表示直接缘由,回答 why 提出的问题,语气最强；As 用于说明缘由 , 着重点在主句,常译成 由于 ； since表示明显的或已知的理由或事实,常译成既然 ；如：Water is very important because we cant live without it. He didnt come yesterday as
23、 his mother was ill. Ill do it for you since you are busy. 3 such that, so that, so that 引导结果状语从句的区分：such 是形容词,修饰名词 ; so 是副词,修饰形容词或副词；其结构如下：1 such + a n+ 形容词 +单数可数名词 +that 2 such+形容词 +复数可数名词 +that 3 such +形容词 +不行数名词 +that ；如：This was such a good film that I went to see it several times. It was such
24、good books that they sell well. It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home. He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him. He is such a lovely boy that we all like him. =He is so lovely a boy that we all like him. 注：在 形容词 +可数名词复数 /不行数名词 结构中,当名词前有so；如：She made so many mistakes that she didnt pas
25、s the exam. 练习与巩固：熟能生巧,取得好成果！挑选合适的连接词,完成以下句子；1.Jim spends a lot of money on books_he is not rich. 2.Kate fell into sleep _she was listening to the music. 3.-Is David at school today. -No. He is at home _he has a bad cold. 4.We wont have supper _my mother comes back. many, much, few, little 表示数量的多少时,
26、名词前用名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载5.Speak to him slowly _he may understand you better. 6. _ she doesnt come on Sunday, Ill go fishing by myself. 7.It is four years _I had left that small village. 8. _the air moves, it is called wind. 9.We will go to the park _it d
27、oesnt rain tomorrow. 10._little boys did _much work. 11.There are few new words in the passage _we cant understand it. 12.Go back _you come from. 13.He reached the station _the train had left. 14.-Do you have a swimming pool. -No, we dont. At least, not _big _yours. 15.Give me your paper _you have f
28、inished it. 16.It is raining hard, _we have to stay at home. 17. _you work harder, youll never pass the final exam. 18.Look after te children _I am out. 19.The village is _far away _I cant get there on foot. 20.That is _an interesting book _I cant stop reading it. Keys: 1.though 2.while 3.because 4.
29、until 5. so that 6.Even if 7.since 8.when 9.if 10.Such, do 11.but 12.where 13.before 14.asso, as 15.after 16.so 17.unless 18.while 19.so, that 20.such, that 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - as,which引导的非限制性定语从句学习必备欢迎下载由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as 和 which可代整个主句,相当于and this或 and t
30、hat ；As 一般放在句首,which在句中；As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题1 ） Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. itB. thatC. whichD. he答案 C；此为非限定性从句,不能用that 修饰,而用which. , it 和 he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接；况且选he 句意
31、不通；2 ） The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案 B；which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不行； That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it 不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通；3 ） It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. thatB. whichC. asD. it答案 B；as 和 whi
32、ch在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语；但不同之处主要有两点：1 ）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而 which 不行；2 ）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必需是系动词；如为行为动词,就从句中的关系代词只能用 which. ；在此题中,prevent 由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为 B；As 的用法例1. the same as； such as 中的 as 是一种固定结构, 和 一样 ；I have got into the same trouble as he has. 例 2. as 可引导非限
33、制性从句,常带有 正如 ；As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.As 是关系代词；例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语；例 2 中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词 know 要用被动式；一、“as / which”特殊定语从句的先行成分1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分 , 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如：My grandmothers house was always of great importance to me, as m
34、y own is. 在肯定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质；这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词；值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用 who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分；这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式；假如是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do 和 as / which一起代替；do 可以显现,也可以不显现,但不能用其它动词代替；3. 句子作先行成分；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载
35、这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句；有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事；二、“as/which” 特殊定语从句在句中的位置由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which” 特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情形：1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分,“as / which” 特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后；2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which” 特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后；但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as” 特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首；3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”
36、特殊定语从句的位置较敏捷,可以置于先行成分之前、之中 或之后；但假如先行成分是直接引语,“as” 特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前；假如先行成分是否定句,“as” 特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义；由于“as” 特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能任凭移动；在非正式的文体里,“which ” 特殊定语从句可以显现在先行成分之中；三、“as/which” 特殊定语从句的语义功能一般说来,as 与 which 的语义功能相同,可以相互替换；但先行成分为句子时,它们的语义功能就有差异；1. 表示结果表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着肯定的因果关系,从句中往往使
37、用有结果意义的词,如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等；2. 表示评注表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有确定的倾向,它通常与那些表示客观事实,普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中就常用一些表示“ 合乎自然规律” 、“ 众所周知” 或“ 常常发生” 等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等；3. 有无状语意义“ as” 特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义）,而“which ” 特殊定语从句就无状语意义；
38、“as” 特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一样,“which ”特殊定语从句就不受这种限制；四、关系代词 as 与 which 的句法功能1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语；as 作主语时, 谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是 be, seem ）,主语补语为 usual 、 a rule 、 a matter of fact 等时,系动词 be 习惯常常省略；行为动词作“as” 特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词 be 常略） ,不及物的行为动词在“as” 特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有 happen一词；如：Freddie, as m
39、ight be expected, was attending the conference. Which 作主语时,谓语动词不限,主语被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词 be 省略；2. as 和 which 都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语；3. as 和 which 在特殊定语从句中作补语；如：We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be. “ as” 特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which ” 从句中就不能主谓倒装；假如先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用 which 而不用 as；如：He talked like
40、 a native, which/as he hardly was. 名师归纳总结 4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语；fact, matter, thing 等名词；这些名词代表先行成分第 7 页,共 10 页which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍旧完整；as 不能作定语；如：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed. （二）关系代词as 和 which引导的定语从句as 和 w
41、hich引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处；详细情形是：1 、 As 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子；1 He married her, as/which was natural. 2 He was honest, as/which we can see. 2 、as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后；另外,as 有“ 正如 ,正像 ” 的意思1 As is known to all, China is a developing country. 2 He i
42、s from the south, as we can see from his accent. 3 John, as you know, is a famous writer. 4 He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe. 留意：当主句和从句存在规律上的因果关系时,常用which ；5 Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3 、当先行词受such, the same修饰时,常用as 1 I have never
43、heard such a story as he tells. 2 He is not such a fool as he looks. 3 This is the same book as I lost last week. 留意：当先行词由the same修饰时,有时也用that 引导定语从句,但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同4 She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在 MARY 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子；5 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
44、 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子；留意：定语从句 such as 与结果状语从句 such that 的区分：as 在所引导的定语从句中作主语,宾语；that 在结果状语从句中不做成分6He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. 7He has such a good laptop that I want to by one. 三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略；The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. 四 but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句There are very few but understand his idea；