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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -词汇部分:上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读(1 )1. able adj. 能词组: be able to do sth. 有才能做某事词性转化: ability n. 才能one s ability to do sth. 某人做 的才能句型转换考点:1 be able to do 转化为 manage to do, 说明为 “ 成功做成某事 ” ;2 be unable to do相当于 fail to do sth./fail in sth. He never studies hard, so he wasn
2、t able to pass the exam.(改为同义句)He never studies hard, so he failed to pass the exam. He never studies hard, so he failed in the exam. 2. about prep. 大约 =more or less than,左右 , 四周例: He is about thirty years old.(他大约三十岁了;)词组: walk about 四处走来走去 ask about 询问3. above adj. 上面的 , 上述的 adv. 在上面 prep. 在上方abov
3、e & on 辨析:前者是垂直高度的比较,后者要触及物体;under 和 below 的区分和上述相同;4. abroad adv. 往国外区分: foreign adj. 外国的 a foreign language 一门外语*be 动词后方副词的几个结构:here/there. I m upstairs/downstairs. 第 1 页,共 24 页 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -abroad/over. 5.
4、 aboardadv 在船上 , 在飞机上t accept it.6. accept vt. 接受 ,认可区分: receive vt. (某人)收到(某物)例句: The young girl received the invitation, but she didn(这个年轻的女孩收了邀请卡,但是她没有同意赴约;)7. accident n. 事故 , 意外大事 第 2 页,共 24 页 traffic accident 交通事故区分: incident n.大事 , 事变unexpected, political incident 不行预料的 / 政治的大事8. accurate adj
5、. 精确的词性转换: accurately adv. 精确地accuracy n. 精确性 , 精确度9. achieve v. (成功)完成 , 达到词性转换: achievement n. 成就He has achieved a lot in physics. 他在物理方面有很多成就;10. across prep. 在的对面adv. 横过横跨大洋walk across the street 横穿公路sail across the ocean 区分: cross v. 穿过cross the street 穿公路across & through :前者是平面穿过,后者是立体空间内的穿过;1
6、1. act v. 表演 n. 演技细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -action n. 措施 , 举措take immediate action to do sth. 对马上实行措施actor, actress n. 男演员 , 女演员active adj. 积极的take an active part in 积极参与actively adv. 积极地activity n. 活动take part in activit
7、ies in or after class 12. add v. 增加add to 增加了课内和课后积极参与活动例:The unexpected storm added to the difficulties in Shanghai. 这个突如其来的暴风雪给上海雪上加霜; 例:This stamp has added to the album. 这张邮票给邮册增色不少; add sth. to 给加上 add a brick to the wall 给墙加上一块砖add up to 数量总计为 例句: The number of the students here adds up to six
8、ty.60 人; addition n. 增加(物)in addition to=besides 除了 仍有except 除去 同类 except for 除去 不同类 这里全部的同学加起来有细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -例:This composition was written very well except for some spelling mistakes. 这篇作文除了一些拼写
9、错误以外都特别好; 例:This coat fits her except for its color. 不同类 除了天气以外 , 上海是一个 除了颜色以外这件外套很适合她; color, coat例:Shanghai is a good city except for its weather.好城市; 13. adopt v. 接受 , 领养 第 4 页,共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - adopted adj. 被收养的 , 被接受的 , 孤苦伶仃的adoptive adj. 收养关系的 , 接受的 , 好心的14. advantage n.优势 , 优点反义词: disa
10、dvantage n. 缺点 , 劣势advantages and disadvantages 优势和劣势词组: A has advantages over B A 比 B 有优势词组: take advantage of every chance 利用每次机会15. advice n. 建议a piece of advice 一个建议16. afraid adj. 可怕be afraid of 客观 可怕 , 担忧 某事 be afraid to do 主观 不情愿去做某事17. Africa n. 非洲 African adj.非洲的细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
11、- - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Asia n. 亚洲 Asian adj. 亚洲的Europe n. 欧洲 European adj. 欧洲的Euro 欧元18. against prep. 反对反义词: for prep. 赞同例句: Some are for it, while others are against it.它; 19. age n. 年龄at the age of 在岁时一些人赞同它 , 然而一些人反对when he was three years old=at the age of thr
12、ee 在他三岁的时候 词组: the aged 年长的人 词组: stone age 石器时代 词组: information age 信息时代 ERA=age 纪元20. agent n. 代理人agency n. 代理商tourist agency 旅行代理商21. agree vi./vt. 同意反义词: disagree v. 反对,不同意词性转换: agreement n. 协议reach an agreement agree with sb./what sb. said同意 . 的看法 ; 与. 一样细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
13、 - 第 5 页,共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -agree to his advice/plan/suggestion 同意他的看法 / 方案 / 建议agree on 双方就某件大事 达成一样 第 6 页,共 24 页 agree on the bargain/the price 讨价仍价 / 明码议价22. ahead adj./adv. 在前 ,提前ahead of time=in advance提前book the tickets ahead of time/in advance
14、提前订票23. aim v./n. 目标aim at 目标为 24. air n. 空气by air=by plane by land =by bus by sea=by ship 25. alarm n. 警报set the alarm clock for 把闹钟调到 26. alive adj. 活着的be 动词后的表语形容词:alive/alike/asleep/awake 例:He is asleep/awake.他熟睡着 / 醒着; 例:The twins are alike.双胞胎长得很像; 反义词: dead adj. 死的lively adj. 有活力的a lively mat
15、h lesson一节有活力的数学课;live n. 直播adj. 实况的27. all adj. 全部的adv. 完全prep. 全部not all= some others细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -all 后的单复数:表示“ 全部的人 ” 动词复数,表示“ 全部的事 ” 动词单数;28. allow v. 答应 =permit 词组: allow sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事词汇部分:上海市中考
16、英语考纲词汇解读(2 )1. alone adj. 单独的 adv. 单独地carried the suitcases alone. 独自提着行李箱He was alone in the house. 他独自一人在家里;leave sb. alone 听其自然 , 不要去管 , 让某人独自留在那lonely adj. 孤独的He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely.2. along adv. 向前,和 一起,同 prep. 沿着Let s walk along the road, shall we.3. amazing adj. 令人诧异的词性转换:
17、amazingly adv. 令人诧异地amaze vt. 使. 大为诧异 ,令人惊愕be amazed at by 对. 大为诧异be amazed to see/hear/find 看到 听到 , 发觉 . 感到惊讶amazement n. 诧异 to sbs amazement使某人诧异的是. 第 7 页,共 24 页 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4. ambition n. 野心Her ambition w
18、as to be a famous singer. 她的抱负是成为闻名的唱歌家;词性转换: ambitious adj. 有野心的They are ambitious although they are poor. 5. amount n. 数量,总数an amount of 相当数量的 ; 一些a large amount of 大量他们虽穷却很有志气;6. amusing adj. 引起乐趣的,娱人的amusingly adv. 7. angry adj. 愤怒的I came home late and my mother was angry. 我回家晚了,我妈妈很愤怒;be/get an
19、gry at/about sth. 因某事而愤怒be/get angry with sb. 生某人的气be/get angry at sb. for sth. 因. 生某人的气make sb. angry 使某人愤怒词性转换: angrily adv. 愤怒地The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. 这位妇女生气地走出了商店, 打算次日惩处他一下; 第 8 页,共 24 页 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
20、 - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8. another adj. 另外的 , 又一 , 不同的prep. 另一个 , 另一个人 , 同类的东西英英说明: one more; an additional have another cup of coffee. 又喝了一杯咖啡We need another chair. 我们再要一把椅子;9. apologize v. 赔礼apologize to sb. 向某人赔礼apologize to sb. for sth. apologize to sb. for do
21、ing sth. 向某人为某事 为做了某事 赔礼向某人为某事 为做了某事 赔礼10. appear v. 显现 , 看来 , 似乎英英说明: to become visible He appears quite young. 他显得年轻;appear in court 出庭appear on the stage 登台演出词性转换: appearance n. 显现 , 露面 , 外貌 , 外观11. argue vi. 争辩 , 辩论They argued the case for hours.他们就这件事争辩了数小时;argue about/on/over辩论 争辩 某事 第 9 页,共 2
22、4 页 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -12. boring adj. 令人厌烦的词性转换: bored adv. 感到厌烦的bore v. 使厌烦boredom n. 厌烦词汇部分:上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读(3 )1. calculate v. 运算calculation n. 运算过程calculator n. 运算机There are a great number of calculators in use.
23、有大量的运算器在使用中;2. call v. 称呼,取名呼吁,打电话给 n. 叫;喊;(一次)电话;通话翻译:你是如何称呼那个小孩的?What do you call that girl. 要点: give, offer, call sb. sth.(双宾语结构)去介词搭配: call on sb./at sp. 拜望(某人、 某地) call on the boss at the company 公司拜望老板3. camp n. 野营 campsite n. 野营地 go camping 去野营4. can v. aux. 能,会,可能用法: 表示一种确定的估计:must becan t b
24、eThat must be Professor Brown, isnThat cant be Professor Brown, is it. can 和 be able to, manage to, succeed in 事情;的区分:后者表示经过努力做成的The climber managed to/was able to/succeeded in reaching the top. 5. Canada n. 加拿大 Canadian n. 加拿大人由于马虎 第 10 页,共 24 页 6. care n./v. 当心,关怀because of carelessness 细心整理归纳 精选学
25、习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -词性转换: careful adj. 认真的careless adj. 马虎的make the mistakes carelessly 7. carry v. 运输,搬运,携带词组: carry on 连续 carry on the operation 连续手术carry out 执行 carry out the policy 执行政策8. catch v. catch-caught-caught 接住,赶
26、上,患(病)be caught in the rain 被雨淋湿9. centercentre n. 中心,中心city center 市中心=downtown 必定 ; 10. certain adj. 肯定的,有把握的sb. be certain sure be certain to 肯定It s certain that It s certain that it will rain. 很确定天会下雨;11. change v. 转变,转变 Great changes have taken place in sp. 词性转换: changeable adj. 多变的 changeable
27、seasons in Britain 英国多变的气候12. channel n. 频道 turn to channel 转到 频道the English Channel 英吉利海峡channel 表示 “ 渠道 ”: communication channel沟通渠道 第 11 页,共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - 13. charge v. 收费,要价How much do you charge. 你要价多少?charge sb. with 指控某人犯 罪14. cheer v. 欢呼 cheer up 欢呼15. chemist n. 药剂师 the chemist药房 c
28、hemical adj. 化学的 chemistry n. 化学16. choose v. 挑选 choice n. 挑选细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -17. Christmas n. 圣诞节 at Christmas 在圣诞节那天 =on Christmas Day/Eve 18. clear adj. 清楚的,光明的;天气放晴 It s cl earing up again. 天气又放晴了;19. clothes n. 衣服总称 clothing n
29、. 衣服总称(不行数)cloth n. 特种布料(可数名词);全部面料(不行数名词)a table cloth 台布to make many clothes by much cloth 用各种布料做衣服20. coincidence n. 巧合,偶遇 What a coincidence.=What a small world. 多巧啊!21. cold adj. 冷的ntact . 第 12 页,共 24 页 It s freezing cold today. 今日好冷啊!It s burning hot today. 今日好热啊!22. conductor n. 售票员,指挥 conduc
30、t v. 执行conduct the experiment 做试验23. contest n. 竞赛辨析: context n. 上下文contact v. 与接触,联系For more information, please cocontact sb. at 用(某号码)联系某人s for sb. to do sth. 24. convenient adj. 便利的impossible, important, convenient, necessary 的结构It sb. find it to do sth.It s convenient for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做
31、某事时便利的词性转换: convenience n. 便利细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -25. continue v. 连续词性转换: continuous adj. 连续(不中断)的 continuously adv. continual adv. 连续的 , 频繁(间断)的 continually adv. 26. corner n. 角落 in/at/around the corner 27. correct
32、v. 改正 adj. 正确的反义词: incorrect adj. 不正确的 What he said was incorrect. 词性转换: uncorrected adj. 未被改正的 There are still some uncorrected mistakes. 28. course n. 过程;课程in the course of 在的过程中的表面被水29. cover v. 掩盖s surface is covered with water . 地球 3/4Three- fourths of the earth掩盖;Is the word covered in the dic
33、tionary. 这个单词被收入这本词典里吗?(cover表“ 收入” )30. crazy adj.be crazy about 对疯狂 craze n. 疯狂31. create v. 制造 creative adj. 制造性的 creation n. 创作物32. custom n. 风俗习惯 customs n. 海关 customer n. 顾客33. daily adj. 每天的 China Daily中国日报 diary n. 日记34. damage v. 破坏,毁坏辨析: sth. be damaged 受到破坏 The computer system/house has b
34、een damaged. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 be hurt/injured (事故中)人的受伤;hurt仍指心灵上的受伤 第 13 页,共 24 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -be wounded (战争中的)枪伤,刀伤35. danger n. 危急 be in dangerdangerous adj. 危急的36. deal v. 处理 how to deal with/ what to do with 怎么处理 37. de
35、ath n. 死亡 dying adj. 垂死的 dead adj. 已死的38. decide v. 打算 decide to do sth. 打算做 make a decision 做打算make up ones minds to do 下定决心做 39. decorate v. 装饰,装修 decoration n. 装饰(品) decorative adj. 装饰的40. deep adj./adv. 深的(地)hard 硬的,困难的 hardly 几乎不 deep 深的 deeply 深刻地,深切地 几组形副词辨析:wide 宽的 widely 广泛地 late 迟的 lately
36、最近地,近来 high 高的 highly 高度的 think/speak highly of sb. 高度颂扬某人41. delay v./n. 耽搁,延误 be delayed=put off 42. departure n. 离开,动身(反义词:arrival 到达)43. depend v. 依靠,依靠depend on=be dependent on 依靠be independent of 独立Independence Day 美国独立日词汇部分:上海市中考英语考纲词汇解读(4 )细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 14 页,共
37、 24 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1. describe v. 描述 description n. 描述词组: describe sb./sth. as 把描画成 be described as 被描画成 Snoopy is described as a lovely and funny dog. 2. deserve v. 值得 后常接名词: punishment, honor 发觉 第 15 页,共 24 页 3. detect v. 侦查 detective n.侦探4. diet n.
38、膳食 go on a diet 节食5. different adj. 不同的make no difference to对 没有变化6. difficult adj. 困难的have no difficulty/trouble in doing sth. 没有困难做某事do sth. Without difficulty 毫不费劲地做某事7. disappear v. 消逝 appear v. 显现Never trust appearance. (谚语)不要以貌取人;8. discover v. 发觉 discoverer n. 发觉者 discovery n. 9. honest adj.
39、诚恳的 dishonest adj. 不诚恳的t he.10. dislike v. 不喜爱 He dislikes such music, doesn11. distance n. 距离 in the distance 在远方责任感12. drop v./n. 滴,一滴 drop in on sb. =visit sb. 拜望某人13. during prep. 在. 期间(常跟名词):during the course of sth. 14. duty n. 职责 be on/off duty 上(下)班, sense of duty 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -