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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2022 中考英语学问点【学问梳理】I. 重点短语5. Its time for s 1. Sit down 6. What s . It is / Its2. on duty 7. Where is . Its .3. in English 8. How old are you. Im .4. have a seat 9. What class are you in. Im in .5. at home 10. Welcome to .6. look like 11. What s plus . Its .12. I think7. look
2、 at 8. have a look 13. Who s this. This is .9. come on 14. What can you see？ I can see .10. at work 15. There is are .11. at school 16. What colour is it are they. It 12. put on They re 13. look after 17. Whose is this. Its .14. get up 18. What time is it. Its .15. go shopping 7. Goodbye. Bye. II. 重
3、要句型8. What s your name. My name is .1. help sb. do sth. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 2. What about . 10. Who s on duty today.3. Lets do sth. 11. Lets do.4. Its time to do sth. 12. Let me see.【名师讲解】1. in/on 在表示空间位置时,in 表示在某个空间的范畴以内,on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上；例如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟；There is
4、 a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图；2. this/that/these/those 1this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,these是 this 的复数形式； that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,如：those时 that 的复数形式；例You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there. 你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子；I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆；Take these books to his
5、room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去；This is mine; thats yours. 这个是我的,那个是你的；These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果,那些是橘子；2 在打电话的用语中,this 常常指的是我,that 常常指的是对方；例如：This is Mary speaking. Whos that. 我是玛丽；你是谁？3. There be/ have 名师归纳总结 There be 有,其准确含意为 某处或某时存在某人或某物；其结构是： There be + 某第 1 页,共 32 页人或某物+ 表示地点或时间的状语；T
6、here be 后面的名词实际上是主语,be 动词的形式- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 要和主语在数上保持一样,be 动词后面的名词是单数或不行数名词时用is,名词是复数时用 are；例如：1 There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐；2 There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃；3 There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有很多苹果；总之, There be 结构强调的是一种客观存在的 有 ；have 表示 拥有,
7、占有,具有 ,即：某人有某物 sb. have / has sth.；主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系；例如：4 I have two brothers and one sister. 我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐；5 That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间；4. look/ see/ watch 1look 表示 “ 看、瞧 ” ,着重指仔细看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地留意看,但不一定看到,以提示对方留意；,如：Look. The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑嬉戏；Look. What s th
8、at over there. 看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人 /物,其后接介词 at,才能带宾语,如：Hes looking at me；他正在看着我；2see 强调 “ 看” 的结果,着重的是 look 这个动作的结果,意思是“ 看到 ” ,see是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语；如：What can you see in the picture. 你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it. 看黑板！你看到了什么？3watch “观看,凝视 ” ,侧重于场面, 表示全神贯注地观看、强调过程,常用于“
9、看电视、看足球、看演出” 等；如：观看或凝视某事务的活动,Yesterday we watched a football match on TV. 昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球竞赛；4. put on/ / in put on 意为 “ 穿上,戴上 ” ；主要指 “ 穿上 ” 这一动作 , 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词；in 是介词,表示 “ 穿着 ” 强调状态；在句中可以做定语、标语和状语；如：It s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的外衣；He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子,走了出去；The woman
10、 in a white blouse is John穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John 的妈妈；5. house/ home/family house ：“ 房子 ” ,指居住的建筑物; Home: “家 ” ,指一个人同家人共同常常居住的地方; Family : “ 家庭 “ ,“ 家庭成员 ” ；例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今日下午请到我家来；He is not at home. 他不在家；My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早；6. fine, nice, good, well 四者都可用作形容词表
11、示 表语；主要区分在于： 好 之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作1 fine 指物时表示的是质量上的 精细 ,形容人时表示的是身体健康 ,也可以用来指 天气晴朗 ；例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 32 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Thats a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器；Its a fine day for a walk today. 今日是漫步的好时候；2nice 主要侧重于人或物的外表,有 人；例如： 美好 ,美丽 的意思,也可
12、用于问候或颂扬别Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很美丽；These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看；Nice to meet you. 见到你很兴奋；Its very nice of you. 你真好；3good 形容人时指 品德好 ,形容物时指 质量好 ,是表示人或物各方面都好的普 通用语；例如：Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好同学；The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好；4well 只可用来形容人的身体好 ,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后；例如：Im ver
13、y well, thanks. 我身体很好,感谢；My friends sing well. 我的伴侣们唱歌得好；【学问梳理】I. 重点短语 20. have supper 1. a bottle of 21. listen to 2. a little 22. not at all3. a lot of 23. put away4. all day 24. take off 5. be from 25. throw it like that 6. be over 26. would like 7. come back 27. in the middle of the day 8. come
14、from 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 9. do ones homework 29. on a farm 10. do the shopping 30. in a factory 11. get down II. 重要句型12. get home 1. Let sb. do sth. 13. get to 2. Could sb. do sth. 14. get up 3. would like sth. 15. go shopping 4. would like to do sth. 16. have a drink of 5. What
15、about something to eat. 17. have a look 6. How do you spell .18. have breakfast 7. May I borrow .19. have lunch 【名师讲解】1.Thats right ./ Thats all right./ All right.看法或行为, 确定对方的答案或判定；That s right意为 “ 对的 ” ,表示赞同对方的看法、例如：名师归纳总结 I think we must help the old man.我想我们应当帮忙这位老人； 第 3 页,共 32 页Thats right. 或 Yo
16、ure right.说得对 ；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - That s all right.意为 “ 不用谢 ”、 “ 没关系 ”,用来回答对方的致谢或赔礼；例如：Many thanks. Thats all right. Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right. All right. 意为 “ 行了 ” 、“可以 ” ,表示同意对方的建议或要求；有时仍可以表示“ 身体很好 ”Please tell me about it. 请把此事告知我； All right. 好吧； Is your mother all rig
17、ht. 你妈身体好吗2. make/do 这两个词都可以说明为“ 做” ,但含义却不同,不能混用；make 指做东西或制东西,do指做一件详细的事；Can you make a paper boat for me. 你能为我做个纸船吗？Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业；3. say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口语化的最一般的一个词,意为“ 说出 ” 、 “ 说道 ” ,着重所说的话；如：“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说, “ 我要坐汽车到那里去；”Please say it in Eng
18、lish .请用英语说；speak : “说话 ” ,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词 即后面 不能直接接宾语 ；如：Can you speak about him. 你能不能说说他的情形？I don t like to speak like this. 我不喜爱这样说话；speak 作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能 力；如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好；talk : 与 speak 意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也 只用作不及物动词,不过, talk 示意话是对某人说的,有较强的对话
19、意味,着重指连续 地和别人谈话；如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事；Old women like to talk with children. 老年妇女喜爱和孩子们交谈；tell : “告知 ” ,除较少情形外,一般后面总接双宾语；如：Hes telling me a story.他在给我讲故事；tell a lie 撒谎tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth. Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard. 4. do cooking/ do the
20、 cooking do cooking 作 “ 做饭 ”解,属泛指；do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭；cooking 为动名词, 不能用作复数, 但前面可用 some, much修饰； 从 do some cooking可引 出很多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服 do some shopping 买些东西 do some reading 读书 do some writing 写些东西 do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用go shopping 去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船
21、go swimming 去游泳some, much或定冠词；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 32 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. like doing sth./ like to do sth. like doing sth. 与 like to do sth. 意思相同,但用法有区分；前者强调一般性的爱好或 者表示动作的习惯性和常常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作；例如：He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.他喜爱踢足球,但是他不
22、喜爱和李明踢；6. other/ others/ the other/ another other 表其余的,别的,Have you any other questions.你仍有其他问题吗 . others 别的人,别的东西 In the room some people are American, the others are French. 在屋子里一些人是 美国人 ,其他的是法国人；the other 表另一个（二者之中）one, the otherOne of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese. 我两
23、个哥哥中的一个学习英文 ,另一个学中文；another 表三者以上的另一个,另一些 There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上仍可以放点书；7. in the tree/ on the tree in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为 在树上 但英语中有区分；in the tree 表示某 人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在 树上时,要使用 on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果；Ther
24、e is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟；8. some/ any 1some 和 any 既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不行数名词；但有以下两点需要留意；some常用于确定句中,any 常用于否定句和疑问句中；如：There is some water in the glass. Is there any water in the glass. There isnt any water in the glass. 2在说话者期望得到确定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示恳求,邀请的疑问句中,我们 依旧用 some；如：Would you like some tea. 9. ta
25、ll/ high 1 说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用 a tall woman 一个高个子妇女 a tall horse 一个高大的马 2说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,飞机飞上天时,例如：tall,不用 high,例如要用 high,而不用 tall ,比如人站在桌子上时,He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上；The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高；3 指建筑物、山时要tall 或 high 都可以,不过high 的程度比tall 高；4high 可作副词, tall 不能；名师归纳总结 5tall 的反
26、义词为short, high 的反义词为low. 第 5 页,共 32 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10. can/ could 1 can 表示体力和脑力方面的才能,或依据客观条件能做某种动作的 才能 ；例如：Can you ride a bike ？ 你会骑自行车吗？What can I do for you ？ 要帮忙吗？Can you make a cake ？你会做蛋糕吗？2 can 用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的 Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？
27、怀疑 推测 或不愿定；例如：It surely cant be six oclock already ？不行能已经六点钟了吧？You cant be hungry so soon,Tom , youve just had lunch.汤姆,你不行能饿得这么 快,你刚吃过午饭；What can he mean ？他会是什么意思？在日常会话中,can 可代替 may 表示 答应 ,may 比较正式；例如：You can come in any time.你随时都可以来；- Can I use your pen ？我能用你的钢笔吗？- Of course,you can.当然可以；You can h
28、ave my seat,Im going now. 我要走了,你坐我的座位吧；3 could could 是 can 的过去式,表示过去有过的才能和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）；例如：The doctor said he could help him. （才能）医生说他能帮忙他；Lily could swim when she was four years old.（才能）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳；At that time we thought the story could be true. （可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的；could 可代替 can 表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为动
29、听；例如：Could I speak to John ,please？我能和约翰说话吗？Could you？在口语中表示恳求对方做事；例如：Could you wait half an hour ？请你等半个小时好吗？Could you please ring again at six？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？4 can 的形式 只有现在式 can 和过去式 could 两种形式；能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来；全部其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able to 加动词不定式来表示；例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.
30、 他们没有能到北京来；11. look for/ find look for 意为 “ 查找 ” ,而 find 意为 “找到,发觉 ” ,前者强调 “ 找” 这一动作, 并不留意 “ 找”名师归纳总结 的结果,而后者就强调“ 找” 的结果；例如：但没能找到；第 6 页,共 32 页She can t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦；Tom is looking for his watch ,but he cant find it. 汤姆正在查找他的手表,- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 12. be sleeping/ be as
31、leep be sleeping 表示动作, 意思是 “正在睡觉 ” ；be asleep 表示状态, 意思是 “ 睡着了 ” ；如：-What are the children doing in the room. -They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉；孩子们在房间里做什么？The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了；13. often/ usually/sometimes often 表示 常常 ,sometimes表示 有时候 ,在表示发生频率上 often 要高于 usually,usually 要高于 sometimes；这三个词表示的是常
32、常性,一般性的动作或情形,常与一般现在时连用, 常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词 （be 动词, 情态动词和助动词）的后面,有时也可位于句尾；假如要加强语气,就放在句首；We usually play basketball after school. 我们通常放学后打篮球；Sometimes I go to bed early.有时,我睡觉很早；He often reads English in the morning. 他常常在早晨读英语；14. How much/ How many how much 常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是How much is / are .How m
33、uch is the skirt. 这条裙子多少钱？How much are the bananas. 这些香蕉多少钱？how much 后加不行数名词,表示数量,意为 形式；“ 多少 “,how many 后加可数名词的复数How much meat do you want. 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class. 你们班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at be good for 表示 对 有好处 ,而 be bad for 表示 对 有害 ；be good to 表示 对 友好
34、 ,而 be bad to 表示 对 不好 ；be good at 表示 善于,在 方面做得好 ,而 be bad at 表示 在 方面做得不好 ；Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处；Eating too much is bad for you health. 吃的太多对你的身体有害；Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们全部的人都很友好；The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好；Li Lei is good at drawing, but I
35、m bad at it. 16. each/ every 李雷善于画画,但是我不善于；each 和 every 都有 每一个 的意思,但含义和用法不相同；each 从个体着眼, every从整体着眼； each 可用于两者或两者以上,We each have a new book. 我们每人各有一本新书；every 只用于三者或三者以上；There are trees on each side of the street. 街的两旁有树；He gets up early every morning. 每天早晨他都起得早；each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；Each of them has hi
36、s own duty. 他们各人有各人的义务；every 只能用作形容词；They each want to do something different. 他们每个人都想做不同的事情；17. 一般现在时 /现在进行时名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 32 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一般现在时表示常常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的才能,仍有自然现象；而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为 I do my homework in the evening. 我在晚上做作业；Im doing my homework now.
37、我现在正在做作业；am/is /are/+doing）；现在进行常常与 now, these days, at the moment 或 Look, listen 等词连用；而一般现在常常与 often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays 等连用；We often clean the classroom after school. 我们常常放学后打扫教室；Look. They are cleaning the classroom . 看！他们正在打扫教室呢；【学问梳理】I. 重点短语 27. on
38、 the left/right side 1. on time 28. next to 2. best wishes 29. up and down 3. give a talk 30. keep healthy 4. for example 31. grow up 5. short for 32. at the same time 6. a waste of time 33. the day before yesterday 7. go on a field trip 35. last Saturday 8. go fishing 36. half an hour ago 9. I agre
39、e 37. a moment ago 10. next week 38. just now 11. the day after tomorrow 39. by the way 12. have a picnic 40. all the time 13. have some problems doing sth. 41. at first 14. go the wrong way II. 重要句型15. hurry up 1. have fun doing sth. 16. get together 2. Why don t you .17. in the open air 3. We re g
40、oing to do sth.18. on Mid-Autumn Day 4. start with sth. 19. come over 5. Why not . 20. have to 6. Are you going to .21. get home 7. be friendly to sb. 22. agree with 8. You d better do sth.23. in the country 9. ask sb. for sth. 24. in town 10. say goodbye to sb. 25. all the same 11. Good luckwith sb
41、.26. in front of 【名师讲解】1. on the street / in the street 表示 “ 在街上 ” 时, on the street 和 in the street 都可以,在美国多用 on the street, 在英国多用 in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子；I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 32 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. would like / lik
42、e would like 和 like 含义不同； like 意思是 “ 喜爱 ” ,“ 爱好 ”,而 would like 意思是 “ 想要” ；试比较：I like beer.=Im fond of beer. 我喜爱喝啤酒；I d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒；Do you like going to the cinema. 你喜爱看电影吗？Would you like to go to the cinema tonight. 3. another / the other 你今晚想去看电影吗？1another
43、通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或物体；例如：May I have another apple, please. 请在给我一个苹果好吗？This coat is too small for me. Please show me another 这件外套我穿太小,请再给我 拿一件看看；2the other 通常指两者中的另一个；例如：He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子, 一把短的, 另一把 长的；I have two brothers. One works in Xian . The other works in Beijing. 我有两个兄弟,一个在西安工作,另一个在北京工作；4. have to /must 1have to 和 must 都可以用来谈论义务,但用法略有不同；假如某人主观上觉得必需去做而又想去时,常用must；假如谈论某种来自“外界 ” 的义务, 常用 have to；例如：I must stop smoking. 我必需戒烟；（自己想戒烟）They have to work for the boss. 他们不得不为那个老板工作；（条件逼得他们去工作）2have to 可用于多种时态,must 只能用于一般现在时；例