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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2022 年中考英语复习资料总汇 一、名词 一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式；复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变 法如下：（ 1）一般情形在词尾加-s,例如：bookbooks ,girlgirls,boyboys ,penpens,doctor doctors, boy boys；（2）以 s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加 -es,例如：busbuses,class classes,boxboxes ,watchwatches,brush brushes；（3）以
2、ce, se, ze,（d）ge 结尾的名词加s,例如： orangeoranges；（4）以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变 “ y”为“ i ”再加 -es,例如： city cities, factoryfactories, country countries, family families；但要留意的是以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s,如： boyboys, day days；（5）以 o 结尾的词多数都加-es；例如 :hero heroes,potato potatoes,tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s；例如： zoozoos,radio r
3、adios,仍有某些外来词也只加-s,例如： photo photos,piano pianos；（6）以 f 或 fe 结尾的词, 多数变 f 为 v 再加 -es,例如：knife knives,leaf leaves, halfhalves 复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法如下表所示；复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法在ptkf情况读法例词等清辅音后s cups, hats, cakes 在sztF 等音后iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bdv等浊辅音后z beds, dogs, cities, knives （ 7）
4、少数名词有不规章的复数形式,child children,mouse mice；例如：manmen ,womanwomen ,tooth teeth,foot feet,【留意】与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women ；例如： an Englishman ,two Englishmen ；但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman 等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如：men workers, women teachers；有个别名词单复数一样,例如：同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾；Chinese,
5、Japanese,sheep,deer,fish 等；但当 fish 表示不（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police 等；（ 9）数词 +名词作定语时, 这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符； 例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk ；（10）仍有些名词仅有复数形式,如：scissors,compasses；trousers,clothes,chopsticks, glasses,goods,ashes,（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
6、 - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -科学名词： physics, mathematics/maths 嬉戏名称： bowls 专出名词： the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词： news, falls 2不行数名词 “ 量”的表示方法在英语中,不行数名词假如要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法：（1）用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少,例如：T
7、he rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice （2）用 a piece of 这类定语,例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（ milk ） a cup of tea a cup of tea a ba
8、g of rice three bags of rice 假如要表示 “两杯茶 ”、“ 四张纸 ” 这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 不行数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰；二、名词的全部格 名词全部格,用来表示人或物的全部,以及领属关系；1. 表示有生命的名词的全部格其单数形式是加s,其复数形式是s,例如： a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes；2. 如其结尾不
9、是 s 的复数形式仍加 s,如： Childrens Day ；3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的全部格要用 s,例如： a twenty minutes walk ,ten miles journey , a boats length,two pounds weight, ten dollars worth ；4. 无生命名词的全部格就必需用of 结构,例如： a map of China , the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers；5. 双重全部格,例如：a
10、 friend of my fathers ；【留意】假如两个名词并列,并且分别有s,就表示 “分别有 ”,例如： Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes （两人各自的自行车）；两个名词并列,只有一个 s,就表示 “共有 ”,例如： John and Marys room （约翰和玛丽共有一间）； Tom and Marys mother （即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹）；二、形容词和副词1. 形容词的用法1 形容词在句中作定语, 表语 , 宾语补足语；例如： 第 2 页,共 42 页 - - - - - - -
11、- - Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）2 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时 ,形容词放在名词后面；I have something important to tell
12、 you. Is there anything interesting in the film. 3 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面；起进一步说明的作用；Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. 4 the形容词表示一类人或物The rich should help the poor. 2. 副词的用法1 副词在句中可作状语 ,表语和定语；He studies very
13、hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语）When will you be back. （作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间；常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等；例如：He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow. He is never
14、 been to Beijing. 2地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点；常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out 等；例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here. 3方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？ ”这类问题的,其中
15、绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly 构成的 , 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形；常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide 等；例如：The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the te
16、acher carefully. The birds are flying high. He runs very fast. 4程度副词细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语；常见的程度副 词有： much, a little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, gr
17、eatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly 等；例如：Her pronunciation is very good. She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you. 5疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词；常见的疑问副词有：例如：How are you getting along with your studies. Where were you yesterday. Why did you do that. 2副词在句中的位置how, when, where, why
18、等；1多数副词作状语时放在动词之后；假如动词带有宾语,就放在宾语之后；例如：Mr Smith works very hard. She speaks English well. 2频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和 be 动词之后；例如：He usually gets up early. I ve never heard him singing.She is seldom ill. 3程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面 饰词的后面；例如：It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn t work
19、 hard enough., 但 enough 作副词用时,通常放在被修4副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后；例如：On my way home, I met my uncle. The students there have a lot time to do their own research work. 3部分常用副词的用法 1 very, much 这两个副词都可表示“ 很”,但用法不同；Very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much 用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级；例如：She is a very nice girl I m feeling much better now.Muc
20、h 可以修饰动词,而 very 就不能；例如：I don t like the idea much.They did not talk much. 2 too, either 这两个副词都表示“ 也”,但 too 用于确定句, either 用于否定句；例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too. I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either. 第 4 页,共 42 页 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结
21、 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3 already, yet already 一般用于语确定句,He has already left. Have you heard from him yet. He hasn t answered yet.4 so, neither yet 一般用于否定句；例如：so 和 neither 都可用于倒装句,但 so表示确定, neither 表示否定；例如：My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesnt like dancing and neither
22、do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1 两个人或事物的比较时（不肯定每一方只有一个人或一个事物）,用比较 级；Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class. 2 most 同形容词连用而不用the,表示 极,很,特别 , 特别 ；Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危急；3 The+ 形容词比较级 ., the+形容词比较级 .表示 越. 就越 .；The more you study, the more y
23、ou know. 4 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级, 表示 越来越 . ；Its getting hotter and hotter. 5 主语 +谓语 系动词 +as+形容词原形 +as+从句；表示两者对比相同；This box is as big as mine. 6 the + 形容词 表示某种人；He always helps the poor. 7 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较；Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 三、动词 1.动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态,其中常用的有8 种,它们是
24、：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时；（1）一般现在时的基本用法 1 常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用；时间状语：every , sometimes,at , on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实；The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3 表示格言或警句中；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
25、- - - - - - 第 5 页,共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Pride goes before a fall. 【留意】此用法假如显现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时；例： Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4 现在时刻的状态、才能、性格、个性；I dont want so much. 5 某些动词如come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue
26、, start 等,在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来确定会发生的动作；The train comes at 3 oclock. 6 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时；Ill help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. （2）一般过去时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情形,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句 ,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上
27、下文清晰时 可以不带时间状语；I worked in that factory last year. 【留意】1 过去常常反复发生的动作,也可用 I used to go fishing on Sundays. used to 或 would 加动词原形来表达,例如：2 “used to” 也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态；例如：This river used to be clean. （3）一般将来时的用法1）表示将来的动作或状态；例如：I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态；例如：He will go to see
28、his mother every Saturdays. 3）表示将来的意愿,决心,许诺,命令等常常用will ,征求对方看法,主语是第一人称时,常用 shall；I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door. 4）be + going + 动词不定式；也是一种将来时句型,表示准备,方案,最近 或将来要作的某事；I am going to Beijing next week. 5）be + 动词不定式；表示有职责,义务,可能,商定,意图等；There is to be a meeting this afternoon
29、. We are to meet the guests at the station. 6）be about + 动词不定式,表示立刻,很快作某事；They are about to leave. （4）现在进行时的用法1 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作,它留意 第 6 页,共 42 页 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开头,到什么时间终止；What ar
30、e you doing now. I am looking for my key. 2 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不肯定在进行）；The students are preparing for the examination. 3 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有arrive, come, leave, start 等；They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 【留意】有些动词一般不行以用于进行时态表示状态的动词,特殊是静态动词,如：be, have 表示熟识、知觉和情感的动词,如：等；（5）现在完成时的用
31、法know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer1 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作；I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2 现在完成时表示动作从过去开头连续到现在,或者仍有可能连续下去的动作或状态；现在完成常常与 for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用；We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. 【留意】一般过去
32、时与现在完成时的区分 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情,强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生 的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响；一般过去常常与详细的时间状语连用；试比较：I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了；）（6）过去进行时的用法 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作；例如：I was watching TV when she came to see me. 【留意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某
33、一时刻正在进 行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时就表示单纯的过去事实,例如：They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造,建造好与否不知）They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了,动作已经完成）（7）过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态,过去完成常常和by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用；We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. W
34、hen we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. （8）过去将来时的用法细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态,过去将来时较多地被运用 在宾语从句中；例如：They were going to have a meeting. I told h
35、im that I would see him off at the station. 2.动词的语态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态；（1）被动语态1 被动语态最基本的句型结构是：be +及物动词过去分词 2 被动语态中的谓语动词肯定要是及物动词由于被动句中的主语是动作的承担者,某些短语动词如 work out, laugh at 等,也可用于被动语态；The children were taken good care of by her. 【留意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不行遗漏；3 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”
36、的情形look after, think of, take care of, 如宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加to ；此类动词为感官动词,如：等；例如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom by the teacher. 4 主动形式表示被动意义如 wash, clean, look, cut,
37、sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell 等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义；例如：The food tastes good. 3.非谓语动词对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词 ing 形式作宾语补足语的用法；一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带 to,但变为被动语态时就要带 to；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词 ing 形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同；这些都是历年中考的重点；（1）非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式；动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式
38、；（2）不定式作宾语补足语Father will not allow us to play on the street.（3）不定式作目的状语He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.（4）用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词这样的动词有感官动词如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel 等,使役动词如：have, make, leave, keep, get 等；接不定式表示动作的完整性,真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
39、 - 第 8 页,共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我观察他在花园里干活了；强调 我观察了 这个事实 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. （强调 我见他正干活 这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活；（5）用不带 to 不定式的情形使役动词如：let, have, make 等和感官动词如：see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, fe
40、el, find 等后作宾补,省略 to；在被动语态中就 to 不能省掉；（6）接动名词与不定式意义不同1 stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事；stop doing 停止做某事；2 forget to do 遗忘要去做某事；未做 forget doing 遗忘做过某事；已做 3 remember to do 记得去做某事 未做 remember doing 记得做过某事 已做 4 try to do 努力,妄想做某事；try doing 试验,试着做某事；5 go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事；go on doing 连续做原先做的事；6 mean to d
41、o 准备、想mean doing 意味着4. 简单混淆的常用动词的辨析1 say, speak, talk, tell 的用法；1 say 表示讲话,作为及物动词使用,后跟宾语或宾语从句；He said he would go there. Its time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you. 2speak 表示“ 讲话” ,一般作为不及物动词使用,而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语；Do you speak English. May I speak to Mr Pope, please. 3 talk 表示“ 谈话” ,是不及物动词,与
42、What are you talking about. to , about, with 等连用,才可以接宾语；Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now. 4 tell 表示“ 告知,表达” 是及物动词,可以带双宾语或复合宾语；She told us an interesting story yesterday. My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month. 2 look, see, watch 和 watch 的用法；1 look
43、强调“ 看” 这个动作,是不及物动词,常与 Look. The girl is swimming in the lake. at 连用,然后接宾语；Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual. 2 see 指“ 观察” 某物,强调的是结果；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -They cant see the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday. 3 watch 指的是“ 观看” ,“ 凝视” 之意；The twins are watching TV now. He will go to watch a volleyball match. 4） read 指“ 看书” 、“ 看报” 、“ 阅读” 之意；Dont read in the sun.