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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学校英语语法大全 -附练习题Contents第一章名词名词 （Noun）1.名词的数2.名词的格其次章代词1.人称代词2.物主代词第三章冠词 与 数词1.冠词2.数词第四章一般现在时态第五章现在进行时态第六章句型1陈述句2疑问句3祈使句4There be 句型与 have has 第七章总结考试第一章名词的概念 在生活中,我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物,用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词；一、名词的数 名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式；可数名词表示“ 一个” 时用单数,“ 两个以上” 时用复数；不 可数名词表示量时,通常用“ 数词 +单位 +o
2、f+ 物质名词”的形式, 如 a piece of bread 一片面包 , 变为复数时,只须将单位名词变为复数,* 名词复数的构成法就如： two pieces of bread两片面包 ；1. 一般情形下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音 s 第 1 页,共 37 页shop - shops 商店 在清辅音后读bag - bags 书包 在浊辅音后读 z window - windows 窗户 在元音后读 z 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - class - classes 班级 词尾
3、读音 iz box - boxes 盒子 match - matches 竞赛 brush - brushes 刷子 3. 以“ 辅音字母 +y”结尾的词,变 y 为 i 加 es. story - stories 故事 词尾读音 iz 4. 以“ 元音字母 +y”结尾的词,在词尾直接加 s key - keys 词尾读音 z monkey - monkeys 5.以 “ o” 结尾的名词,复数一般在词尾加“s” , 但个别加“ es”tomato - tomatoes 西红柿 词尾读音 z potato - potatoes 土豆 zoo - zoos 动物园 photo - photos
4、照片 *（以“ o” 结尾,复数加“ es” ）口诀 ：黑人 Negro 英雄 hero,左手拿着西红柿 tomato,右手拿着破土豆 potato ,头顶一个大芒果（mango）；6. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,多数变 f 或 fe 为 ves. leaf - leaves 树叶 词尾读音 vz knife - knives 小刀 *（以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词,需把f 或 fe 变 ves的单词）口诀：妻子（ wife ）持刀（ knife ）去宰狼（ wolf ）,小偷（ thief ）吓得发了慌,躲在架下（shelf）保己命,半 half 片树叶（ leaf）遮目光；*（以 f 或
5、 fe 结尾的单词,直接加“ s” 的单词）口诀 ：长颈鹿 giraffe 站在屋檐 roof 下,左手拿着手绢 handkerchief ,右手拿着高尔夫球 golf ；例： roof - roofs 屋顶 7. 不规章名词复数的变化man - men 男人 tooth -teeth 牙齿 child - children 儿童 mouse - mice老鼠 foot - feet 脚 woman - women 女人 8. 名词单复数形式一样sheep - sheep 绵羊 deer - deer （鹿）English - English （英国人）* （不规章名词变复数）口诀：男人,女人
6、 a 变 e；鹅,足,牙齿 oo 变 ee；其实老鼠也好记 ous 变 ic；孩子加上 ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用记；二、名词全部格的构成法Chinese - Chinese （中国人）1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成；如 : 第 2 页,共 37 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - This is Tom s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌；That is Mike s book. 那是迈克的书；2. 假如原名词已经有复数词尾 s ,就仅加一个 . 如: the teachers reading room 老师阅览室the pupils penc
7、il-boxes 同学们的文具盒3. 假如原词是复数形式,但不是以 s 结尾,变为全部格形式需在后面加上 s ；如：the children s palace 少年宫mens room 男厕所* 名词全部格口诀：名词全部格, s 前面加一撇 ,复数 s 放在尾,后加一撇就完结,两人共有算一个,后面只加一个撇；名词练习题一、写出以下名词的复数形式puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _ 4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _ 7.tomato _8.child _ 9.tooth _ 10.foot _ 11.wife _12.potato _ 13.play _
8、 14.day _ 15.glass _ 16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _ 19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _ 22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24. deer _ 25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _ 28. English _29.mouse _30. man _ 二、汉译英名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 37 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1Tom 的足球 _ 2. 老师们的自行车 _ 3同学们的课桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒 _ 5姑姑的卡片 _
9、 6.猴子们的香蕉 _ 7蚂蚁们的早餐 _ 8.妈妈的包 _ 9姐姐的连衣裙 _ 三、把以下句子翻译成英文10 女孩们的苹果 _ 1这些 是 Peter 的篮球吗？_ 2这个是老师的钢笔吗？_ 3有一些书在 Sam的课桌上； _ 4有一些孩子们在教室里；_ 四、改错（圈出错处,在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table. _ 2.This is Alice dress. _ 3.I like tomato very much. _ 五、将以下句子变成复数形式；1This dog is brown. _ 2. There is a book
10、 and a pen on the table. _3.That woman is a teacher. _才能测试卷（名词）一、将以下名词变成复数形式；lesson 第 4 页,共 37 页1.plane tree month apple shirt 2. box bus brush watch class fox 3.knife life leaf Wife thief monkey 4.day boy baby country story 5.photo radio piano 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - tomato her
11、o man 6. child tooth Sheep English Chinese ”二、判定正误,并改正错句,正确的打“1The house is my brother. _ 2. He has visited many country. _ 3. They are Englishs. _ 4. This is Tom red bike. _ 三、挑选填空1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman 2.The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth 3. _
12、are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. John s B. John 5. Can you give me _. A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6.There are _ on the floor. A. some box B. some boxes 四、将以下句子变成复数形式；1This sheep is white. _ 2. There is a desk and a chair i
13、n the room. _ 3.That man is a doctor. _其次章 代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“ 你、我、他、你们、我们、他们” 等的词,它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：第 5 页,共 37 页数人称主格宾格单数第一人称I me 其次人称you you 第三人称he him she her it it 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 复数第一人称We us 其次人称you you 第三人称they them 主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式；主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语；人称代词主格用在句首作
14、主语；She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上；人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语；This pen is bad.I cant write with it. 这支钢笔不好,我没法用它写字；2.人称代词的排列次序人称代词并列使用时,通常以以下次序显现,请熟识并记忆；1） 单数代词： you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I 2） 复数代词： we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they 3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she * 人称代词排序口诀
15、：人称代词并列观,留意次序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一,复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“ 我” 站前,其他人称没看法；两性并用为三单,男先女后是习惯；二、物主代词物主代词是表示全部关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词；人称第一人称其次人称复数第三人称复数类别单数复数单数单数形容词性my our your your his,her,its their 名词性mine our yours yours his,hers,its theirs 名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词例, Whose coat is this. 这是谁的上衣 . It s hers. 是她的；hers= he
16、r coat * 关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要,译成汉语都有“ 的”,后面必需加上物,否就就要犯错误,my your his her its our their 不放过；形容词性是基础,除了我的“ mine” 外,其他词尾“s” 性形物代才能差,出门常把名词加；名物代才能强,常来独去又独往；三、反身代词反身代词也叫“ 自身代词”,表示“* 自己” ；其次人称第三人称第 6 页,共 37 页数人称第一人称单数myself yourself himself, herself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves I can do it by myself. 我自
17、己能做这件事；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - * 反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用物主,复数-ves 替 -f 四、指示代词This 这个 - these 这些 指近处的事物That 那个 - these 那些 指远处的事物例, This is a book. 这是本书；These are some books. 这些是书；That is a car. 那是辆小汽车；Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车；代词练习题一、依据题意,用所给词的适当形式填空；1. Mary is a fr
18、iend of _. I 2. This is _ she ruler. _ I is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _ he 4. This is _ I book. This book is _ I . 5. These pens are _ we . 二、填写以下表格；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 37 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 人称代词我我们你,你们他她它他们主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词三、改写以下句子Eg, This is my bo
19、ok. - The book is mine. 1. That is her ruler. _ 2. These are their footballs. _ 3. This is my backpack . _ 4. Those are your boxes. _ 四、把以下句子改写成复数；1. This is a butterfly. _ 2. That is a bus. _ 3. It is a mouse. _ 五、改错；1.This is mine lamp. _ 2.These are ours books._ 3. That are their teacher. _ 4.The
20、 house is my brother. _ 5. He has visited many country. _ 6. They are Chineses. _ 7. This is Tom red bike. _ 才能测试卷（代词）一、帮下面的好伴侣团聚（连线）她第 8 页,共 37 页I 名师归纳总结 its 我们her 他（她,它）们we 我- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - they 你的 their 他（她,它）们 your 她的 she 它的 二、填空1She s a teacher . This is _ bag. 2. He s a d
21、river. This is _ taxi. 3. I am a boy . _ name is Peter. 4. -What s _ name. - My name is Tony. 5. Its my puppy. _ name is Mimi. 三、挑选 1.Your book is not so old as _. C. Who hers D. Whom her A. him B. he C. his D. she 2. _ book is it . It s _. A. Whose her B. Whose hers 3. He is a friend of _. A. our B
22、. us C. my D. mine 四、改错1. I, you and he are all teachers. _ 2. This is mine teddy bear. _ 3. These are ours bags. _ 4. These is their teachers. _ 第三章 数词和冠词一、数词 表示数目和次序的词叫数词；数词又分基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量,序数词表示次序；1 最基本的基数词如下表所示：名师归纳总结 110 1119 20100 第 9 页,共 37 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 one 11 ele
23、ven 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one hundred * 基数词的写法： 2199 的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符“-” ；例： 21 twe
24、nty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine 百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred” ,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上 and；例： 101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six hundred and forty-eight 2序数词的构成1）一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾 th 构成；例,four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth 2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时,有特别的变化
25、；例,one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth 3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词 y 变成 i,然后在加 eth.例,twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth 4） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词；例,twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fifth
26、a hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third * 基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序,有规律；词尾加上 th（ fourth, sixth ）一、二、三,单独记；结尾字母 t, d, d；（first ,second,third ）八去 t,九去 e,（eighth,ninth）；ve 要用 f 替；（fifth ,twelfth ）整十基数变序数,ty 将 y 变成 i ; th 前面有个 e；要是遇到几十几,前用基来后用序；二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种；a 或 an 是不定冠词, the 是定冠词； a 用在辅音音素之前,如a
27、 desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前,如an apple, an hour, an English book. 第 10 页,共 37 页1.不定冠词（ a,an）指人或事物的某一种类,表示“ 一个”,但不强调数量；She is a teacher. That s an orange. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.定冠词the,是特指某（些）人、某（些）物,或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物,或者是在上文提到过的人和事；3.This is a bus. The bus is big. 不用冠词的情形：1） 专出
28、名词,物质名词,抽象名词前一般不用冠词；如,Chinese, English, Jim 等；2） 名词前已经有 this, that, my, your 等词时,就不再用冠词了；如,that mouse 那只老鼠 3 一些固定词组前不用定冠词；如,at home 在家go to school 去上学* 定冠词 the 的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯独,岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级,沙漠、河流与群山；方位、次序和乐器,岁月、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织,会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名,记住定冠 the 加在前；* 零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲,呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用
29、语,学科、棋类名词前；冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词,不需要的填“/”；3 go to _school 第 11 页,共 37 页1 at _home 2 go to_ bed 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4 catch _ bad cold 5 have _ good time 6 _red apple 7_ English book 8 _ spoon 9_ orange 10 _melon 11 _ eraser 二、挑选填空1.There is _ “m” in the word “primary”A. an
30、B.a C.the D./ 2.This is _ orange bike . A.a B.an C.the D/ 3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper . A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world . A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening . A.the B./ C/
31、a D.an 6.He s standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit . A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come . A.The B.a C.the D./ 9.Do you see _ book on _ table . A.the , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Where s
32、_ desk . Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine . A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm . A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 . A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books
33、 very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Children s Day . A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser . A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代词填空 : 1._ , _ and _ are all good friends . A.We , you , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , y
34、ou , we 2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ . A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ . A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. “What are you doing .”“I am looking at _ in the mirror .
35、”A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music . A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she 才能测试卷（冠词和数词）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 37 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、写出相邻的数词1. twenty 2. 10. five 3. twelve 4. fifty-eight 5. ninety 6. seventy 7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred 9. one thousand one 二、挑选正确答案1.There are days in a year. 第 13 页,共 37 页A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five