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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料专 四 语 法 考 点 串 讲语法回忆篇：专四语法考点虚拟语气、 情态动词、非谓语动词、 复合句、倒装、小语法（省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一样,冠词,形容词及副词）、as的特殊用法；1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料专四英语语法考点串讲之一 虚拟语气一般说来,有以下几种考点需要考生留意 十考点及两备考点）考点 1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用 didbe 用 were,主句谓语
2、动词 wouldshould,could,might+do ；考点 2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用 had done,主句谓语动词用 wouldshould,could,might+ have done ；例如：43.I _the party much more if there hadn t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying 49.All of us would have enjoyed
3、 the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren t B. hasnt been C. hadn t been D. wouldn t 考点 3. 与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用：didshould+do 或 were + to do ,主句谓语动词用：wouldshould,could,might+do ；例如：43. If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized deale
4、r.08 年）. A. shall need C. would need . B. should need D. will need 考点 4. 时态的交叉现象,也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor ,you would be all right now. 你要是早去看病 ,你现在就没事了；考点 5. 虚拟条件句if 可以省略,但从句的语序要用到装,即将were,had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装,但否定词not不前移；例如：65._, he would not have recovered so quick
5、ly. （ 05 年）.A. Hadnt he been taken good care of 两道命令）；suggest, advise, propose.B. Had he not been taken good care of .C. Had not he been taken good care of .D. Had he been not taken good care of 考点 6. insist一个坚持）；order command2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲内部资
6、料及相应的名词的从句,谓语（三条建议） ；ask, require, request, demand四点要求）要使用： should+动词原形或动词原形例如：58. It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight.04 年 . A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not 考点 7.It is +advisable, essential important, imperative, incredible, 等等相关的从句,谓语要使用： should+ 动词原形或动词原形例如：4
7、6.It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. （ 04 年）.A. hand in B. would hand in .C. have to hand in D. handed in考点 8.it is highabout time that 例如 : 的结构中,从句使用一般过去式54 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.（06 年）A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 考点 9.much as 尽管, 虽然
8、,引导让步状语从句,从句中用 would have done 表示假设,可以是说话人的语气变得特别委婉,真诚；例如：52. Much as _, I couldn lend him the money because I simply didn have that much spare cash.（99 年）A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have C.I should have to like D.I should have liked to 考点 10. if only 表示要是 就好了相当 与 wish, as if/as though
9、 的用法；3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料与现在事实相反：动词过去式与过去事实相反 : had + done 与将来事实相反：could/would + do例如：52. If only I _play the guitar as well as you. （06 年）A would B could C should D might 备考 1. would rather 或 would sooner 后跟宾语从句,从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟,表
10、示“ 宁愿某人作某事”例如：The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office now. A.had not worked B.not to work 等引导的状语从句中,通C.does not work D.did not work 备考 2.用于 lest,for fear that引导的状语从句； 在 lest, for fear that常用 should + 原形动词 这一虚拟语气形式例如：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. A.
11、injure B.had injured C.injured D.would injure 专四语法考点串讲之二 情态动词考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词 +行为动词完成式（2）某些情态动词的特殊用法1. must have v-ed must have v-ed 表示估计过去某事“肯定 ”发生了；其否定形式为： cant / couldnt have v表示过去不行能发生某事；例如：Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night. 2. could have v-ed 表示估计过去某动作“
12、很可能” 发生了4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3. may / might have v-ed 外院英语专业四级语法串讲内部资料了.may 比 might 表示的可能表示估计过去某事“ 或许” 发生性在说话人看来稍大些；4.ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldnt have v-ed 用于对已发生的情形表示“ 批评 ” 、“不满 ”,分别表示 “ 本应当 ” 和“本不应当 ” 表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句,表示不应完成但已做的
13、动作5.neednt have v-ed 表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,意为“ 本没必要 ”；例如： You neednt have waken me up; I dont have to go to work today.留意： did not need to do 动作并没发生例： I didnt need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m. *特殊用法1 can t表示 “不行能 ”, may not 表示 “不行以 ”, mustn tmust not 表示 “ 不许可禁止 ” ,t ” neednt need not 表示 “ 不必
14、” ,dare not 动词原形表示 “不敢 ”2 must 表估计的否定现在式用can 过去式用 couldn t3May I / we ？这一类疑问句的确定回答为Yes, please.或 Certainly ；否定回答为Please don或 No, you mustn例如：“ May we leave now. ”“ No, you mustn t. You haven t finished your home work yet.4 need I / we ？这一类疑问句的确定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn t5在回答 must 引起的问题时,假如是否定的答复,
15、不能用mustn ,而要用 needn t或 donhave to 6May/might as well may but .表转折 7 I wish to go home with you, may I. 8 Do help yourself to have fruit, wont you/ will you. （表示一种委婉的恳求）*情态动词短语的使用would like to dowould rather dowould rather + 从句would prefer to do. had better do. *情态动词 : will （情愿） , shall（将） , must（必需）
16、 , can, may, would, should 应当 , might, could, ought to, used to（过去经常） , need（需要） , dare（竟敢）,have to（不得不）*dare, need 也可作一般（行为）动词5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料*情态动词一般用法的否定：mustn t 不准 , 禁止,不要can tcouldn t 不会；不能；may might not 不行以 ; t have to needn t 没必要 = do
17、nused notusedn t to 或 didn t use to过去不 dare not 不敢*情态动词估计用法Must 肯定,确定 can t couldn t 不行能Can/ could 可能 Can t couldn t 不行能may/ might “ 可能,或许”*推断用法May might not 或许不,可能不shouldought to “ 按理应当,应当是；shouldn t 不应当 = ought not to *情态动词 have done 结构表示对过去动作的估计1. must have done：对过去的确定估计,译作“ 肯定做了 ”,只能用于确定句中；其否定形式
18、为 cantcouldn t have doneIt must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy 2.can/ could have done ： 对过去的可能性估计,译作“ 可能做了 ”；只能用疑问句中Can Could he have said it. 他可能说过那种话吗？3. may / might have v-ed ：对过去的可能性估计,译作“ 或许能,有可能；Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed. *情态动词 have 过去分词结构表示稍微的批评和懊悔确定：
19、过去应当做而没有做；否定：过去不该（不必）做而做了； might could have过去分词： “ 原来可以,早就应当”（只用于确定句,且不能用 may, can）You could have told me you were going to be late. 你应当早告知我你会晚到的！ should （ought to ） have过去分词： “ 本应” （没做）should not （ought not to ）have过去分词： “ 本不该” （做了）You should not have handed in your composition yesterday morning. 你
20、本不应把作文交了；You should have been here earlier.你应当早点来才对；3. neednthave过去分词：“ 本不必,本不须”（need 只用于否定句） （做了）You neednt have woken her up. Its only six 你其实不必叫醒她；现在才六点；留意： did not need to do 动作并没发生（没做）6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 例： I didn外院英语专业四级语法串讲内部资料t need to get up early, so
21、I got up until 9 a.m. *八大留意点1.在以 could, might 表示征询对方看法或表示恳求时,回答应相应使用 can, may Might I watch TV after supper. Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. can t” 2. May I / we ？这一类疑问句的确定回答为Yes, please.或 Certainly ；否定回答为Please don或 No, you mustn例如：“ May we leave now. ”“ No, you mustn t. You haven t finished
22、 your home work yet.3. need I / we ？这一类疑问句的确定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn t4. 在回答 must 引起的问题时, 确定 must; 假如是否定的答复, 不能用 mustn ,而要用 needn 或 dont have to5. I wish to go home with you, may I. 6. Do help yourself to have fruit, wont you/ will you. （表示一种委婉的恳求）7.Shall 用于第三人称,表示许可,答应8. lets do this job, shall
23、 we. Let us do this job, will you. 9. should 也表示诧异的语气,例如： I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you. 她竟然对你说那样的话 , *四大特殊结构1.may/ might as well + 动词原形 ”意为 “最好,满可以,倒不如 You may as well do it at once. ”,相当于 had better 2.may well + 动词原形 ” 是一种常见的结构,意为“（完全）能,很可能”He may well be proud of his
24、 son. 他大可为儿子兴奋；3. cannot too / enough 表示 “ 无论怎么 也不算过分 ”、“ 越 越好 ”You cannot be too careful. 4. had better 最好 You had better not wake me up when you come in. *两大类区分：一、表示才能 : can, be able to be able to 能用于各种时态；can / could 只能表示现在或过去的才能 *was / were able to : 设法做成某事 ”相当于 managed to do sth succeeded in doi
25、ng sth. 二、 used to 和 would 的区分used to 过去经常（但 现在已无此习惯,would 无此含义）He used to drink beer, now he drinks wine. 他过去喝啤酒,现在喝白酒；would 只能用来谈动作； used to 用来谈动作或状态 （可与 be, live, like, stay 等状态动词 连用）：7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料He would get up early when he lived i
26、n the country. 他住在乡下时总是早起；We used to live in a small town. （不能用 would ）Be used to doing sth: 习惯于做某事should 的用法 1. shall 的过去式 ,表示过去将来 将 We hoped that we should be able to do that. 我们期望我们能这样做；*2. 表示语气较强的假设 万一 ,竟然 If the car should break down on the way, you would have to walk back. 万一汽车中途抛锚 ,你就得走回来；*3.
27、 表示可能性、估计、推论或期望 可能,该 She should be here any minute. 她该立刻就到；Dinner should be ready by now. 此刻晚饭应当做好了；4. 表示义务、责任 应当,应当 You should do as she says. 你应当照她说的去做；He should work harder. 他应当更加努力；8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料You should help your mother with the ho
28、usework. 你应当帮你母亲做家务；5. 表示委婉、谦逊 可,倒 *6. 表示感情、意志等 竟然会; 应当 Im sorry it should be this way. 很遗憾 ,事情竟会是这个样子；Its strange that he should be absent. 真古怪,他竟会缺席；You shouldnt have told him about it. 你不该把这件事告知他的；7. 表示建议、命令、打算等 应当,必需 Crime should be punished. 犯罪应受惩处；8. 表示目的 会,可以 He stood away so that we should e
29、nter the room first. 他让开一步 ,让我们先进屋；9. 表示结果、意愿等 就,该 10. 表示征求同意等 可以,该 Who should I see about my schedule 9 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料专四语法考点串讲之三 非谓语动词非谓语动词是历年专四测试的重中之重,每年试题一般一到两道（1-2 分）；命题特点 1. 非谓语动词的时态与语态；2. 非谓语动词的否定式；3. 动词不定式的各种形式及应用；4. -ing 结构的各种形式及应用；
30、5. -ed 结构在句中的不同用法；6.非谓语动词作状语、宾语等的辨析；7.非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等；【非谓语动词基础学问】 一个句子当中,已经存在谓语动词,又没有连词的情形下,需要非谓语动词来修饰句子的其他成分；动词不定式 ; 现在分词 ; 过去分词 ; 动名词I不定式的时态及语态一般式to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或,不定式的动作正在进进行式to be doing 表示谓语的动作发生时行完成式to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作的发生用途：表将来表某一次详细的动作表目的I have a lot work to do; I do
31、 not like to dance; T 10 o learn English well, I practice 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料more. 2. 动名词一般式doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生）完成式Having done having been done 在谓语动作之前用途：抽象、习惯性（his hobby is painting; I am proud of being a Chinese3. 分词的时态和语态现在分词 一般式 doin
32、g being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 done 用途：现在分词：主动、进行、令人 的过去分词：被动、完成、感到 的The swimming boy is Tom. 主动、进行）the room facing south（主动）The film is disappointing. T om is disappointed（令人 的 / 感到 Look at the broken glass. 被动、完成 留意* 全部非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词 not 放在非谓语动词的 _前面 _ *假如表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生,有
33、时需要用动词的完成时态；考点一不定式做结果状语的固定搭配too +adj/adv to do ,so +adj/adv as to do ,11 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲内部资料such +n as to do adj/ adv enough to do only to do 常表示意想不到或不开心的结果；考点二 “ 使 怎么样” 之类的动词amuse, astonish, excite, frighten, interest, move, relax, satisfy, sho
34、ck, surprise, encourage, disappoint, puzzle, tire, please, inspire, terrify, worry ,它们的 ing 形式表示主动,而过去分词表示被动；一般情形下“ 人” 用过去分词,“ 物” 用 ing 形式；*考点三 除；.之外的介词 but except, 前面有行为动词 do 时,不定式不带 to, 否就带 to. *考点四 why not do sth 为何不做某事 固定搭配cannot / hardly / never / scarcely too to “越 越好；无论 也/ 都不过分 ”；You cannot b
35、e too careful to cross the street. 你过街时越当心越好；can t help/choose but 不得不 ,只能 ,不禁I cannot help but tell her the truth. 我只能告知她真相；*解题思路： 看似纷繁复杂的各种非谓语动词考题实际上是有解题规律可寻的 , 非谓语动词解题四步曲：没有连接词只有一个主语一、第一抓住主谓结构,确定主句12 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料二、分析主动被动分析语态就是在确定主语之后,
36、分析非谓语动词和主语在搭配使用时是主动仍是被动关系；三、分析动作先后 要考虑动作发生的时间先后,即时态；独立主格独立主格 : 句中没有连接词,逗号分开两个句子,存在两个主语形式：名词 / 代词分词在用分词短语作状语时 , 它规律上的主语一般必需与句子的主语一样 , 但有时它也可以有自己独立的规律上的主语 , 这种结构称为 : 独立主格的分类：1 -ING 分词 仍有 -ED 分词 短语作状语时,有自己独立的规律上的“主语 ”；相当于各种形式的状语,表示一种相伴的动作或情形 ,或表缘由There being nothing more for discussion,the meeting was
37、over half an hour earlier. 2. 介词（with ）+ 名词 + 形容词,副词 + 现在分词或过去分词,表示陪村行动做或补充说明例如： He lay on his back, with his arm behind his head （3）独立结构可以表示相伴动作或情形 , 表示时间、缘由、条件等 , 例如：He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 相伴情形 The shower being over, we continued to march. 时间 So many students being a
38、bsent, we decided to put the meeting off. 缘由 Weather permitting, we ll have an outing tomorrow. 条件 13 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home. The composition written, he ha
39、nded it to the teacher. 专四语法考点串讲之三 *常跟不定式做宾语的词 三个 w 、h 、c ,二 a 领着四 d 、p, 一 r 、m ,二 l、b, 外加三个 o, u, e ；不定式、动名词作宾语（非谓语补充）3 w: want 想要 , wish 期望 , wait 等待 3h: hope 期望 , help 帮忙 , hesitate 徘徊 3c: care 情愿 , choose 挑选 , claim 声称 2a ：agree 同意 , afford 担负得起 , 4d: dare 敢于 , demand 要求 , determine 打算 , decide
40、打算 4p: plan 方案 , pretend 假装 , promise 承诺 , prepare 预备 1r: refuse 拒绝 1m: manage 设法 2l: learn 学会 , long 期望 2b: beg 恳求 , bear 忍耐 1o: offer 提出 1u: undertake 答应；同意 1e ：expect 期望 14 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料*接不带 to 的不定式的特殊动词一感 ：feel 二听 ：listen to; hear 三让：
41、 make, have, let 四看： watch, see, look at, observe 被动句里 to 仍原；*接不定式作宾语,动名词作宾语均可,且意思基本不变的词双方一旦开头 begin, start, 无论喜爱 love, like, prefer 与否 hate, dislike ,都得连续continue 下去；都不能妄想（attempt）忽视（ neglect ）开头的爱（ love ）；习惯也好,可怕也好,难以容忍 can t bear/ stand/ endure 也好；*可以动名词作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,意思却不同的词四“ 记” 力争不懊悔四 “记”记住 rem
42、ember,遗忘 forget, 方案 /准备 mean, 连续 go on, 力争： try 不懊悔 : stop regret remember to do sth. 记得要做某事remember doing sth. 记得曾做过某事forget to do sth 忘了要做某事forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事；mean to do sth 准备做某事15 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 47 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料mean doing sth. 意味着,就是go on to do 连续做另一件事go on doing 连续做同一件事try to do sth 试图做某事,try doing sth. 尝试做某事stop to do sth 停下来做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事；regret to