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1、大学英语四级写作备考四大步骤2007-06-02 来源:新浪教育根据我们多年的教学经验,四级写作备考可分为四大步骤:一、背诵:首先认真研究历年四级写作真题,重点研究2001 年 6 月 2005 年 12 月的11 次真题,分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点,从语言、结构、内容三大层面,认真研读经典写作真题范文:语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型; 结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换;内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文,要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善,扎扎实实提高自己的写作实力。二、默写: 背诵熟练之后默写下来,仔细对照原文, 会
2、发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别,这些区别就是你的写作弱点,学习关键在于针锋突破,不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在,把这些弱点意义克服,分数自然就会提高。三、中译英:首先将写作真题范文译为中文,或参考范文的正确译文,然后进行中译英的工作, 根据自己的理解把中文译为英文,最后对照英文原文,你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别, 这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子,仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型,原文使用了哪些,这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。四、写作:进行完上述工作之后,在考前必须进行写作的工作,只有动笔写作,才会发现自己的问题。可以
3、写510 篇真题或模拟题,模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文,写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度,但考前一定要进行模考,半小时写出一篇 120 150 词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误,将其改的更加精彩。英语写作基础不太好的四级考生,必须按照上述步骤严格进行;基础较好的考生学习顺序正好相反,首先写作,直接写作四级真题;其次中译英,在研读原文之前,进行中译英的名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - -
4、 工作,译完对比,找出差距;然后背诵;最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写作框架,应用文和论说文分别形成固定的写法,积累精彩句型。针对 2006 年 6 月的四级考试,建议大家论说文重点准备关于大学校园生活的话题,如学习、生活、社会工作、兼职打工等;应用文重点准备咨询信、投诉信、介绍信、请求信、建议信、道歉信、邀请信等私人和公务信函,以及开幕词、祝酒辞等致辞的写法。多读、多写、多改,写作高分不是梦!英语写作十大功能句型2007-09-17 作者:张一楠考研写作部分30 分,占到考研英语考试总分值的1/3 ,重要性不言而喻。同时,写作部分也是最容易提高的部分,“天天背句型”可以起到非常显著的效果,这一
5、实践在去年的考研 VIP 班里起到极其明显的效果,此班里的同学多为艺术考生,英语基础比较薄弱,但是通过一段时间的“背诵”和“仿写”,写英语句子的水平有了极大提高。今天与大家分享第一种功能句型文章开头句型。1、“如今,人们普遍认为.,但是我怀疑 .。”Nowadays,it is generally/commonly believed that., but I wonder that. 2、“如同硬币的正反面,. 也有积极的一面和消极的一面。”Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect t
6、o. 3、“近来, .的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。”名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - Currently, the issue of .has been brought to public attention. 4、“随着 .的快速增长,.在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。”Along with the rapid growth of .,.has become increasingly important in
7、 our daily life. 5、“由汽车引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。”Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health. 第二种考研写作功能句型文章结尾句型1、“因此,不难得出结论. ”Accordingly/Consequently/As a result,it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that. 2、“综上所述,我们能得出如下结论. ”From what has been discussed above, w
8、e may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that. 3、“这一难题,是任何人都不可能避免的。但只要处理得当,我们就会. ”The dilemma is something no one can avoid. Properly handled, however, we will. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 4、“总之,全社会都应该密切关注.,只有这样我们才能 .
9、”All in all, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of . Only in this way can we. 5、“考虑到所有的因素,我们意识到. ”Taking into account all of these factors, we have reached the realization that. 四六级作文可引用的36 句谚语格言2007-09-18 来源:中青网1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。2.God helps those who help thems
10、elves. 天助自助者。3.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。4.Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘,谬之千里。6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - -
11、- - 7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不休息,聪明孩子也变傻。10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance. 无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰,徒有其表。11.More hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。12.Its never too old to learn. 活到老,学
12、到老。13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。15.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。18.well begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。19.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。名师资料总结 -
13、 - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 20.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见,心不念。21.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。22.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。23.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。24.Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。25.A friend in ne
14、ed is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。26.live not to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭,吃饭为了活着。27.Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。28.East or west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。29.Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。30.Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。31.Like and like make good friends. 趣
15、味相投。32.The older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 33.Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。34.An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。35.AS the tree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜, to better live. 活着为了学习,学习为了更好的活着。大学英语四级写作九类精彩句
16、型一、比较1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. 2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that,4.It is reasonable to maintain that ,but it would be foolish to claim that,5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compen
17、sating advantages. 6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 7.A and B has several points in common. 8.A bears some resemblances to B. 9.However, the same is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in several ways. 11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think , b
18、ut things are different now.13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks. 15. It is true that A , , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ,二、原因1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the
19、 phenomenon名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - (problem ) . 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that,4. The factors that contribute to this situation include,5. The
20、change in ,largely results from the fact that,6. We may blame ,but the real causes are,7. Part of the explanations for it is that ,One of the most common factors ( causes ) is that ,Another contributing factor (cause ) is ,Perhaps the primary factor is that ,But the fundamental cause is that ,三、后果1.
21、 It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immediate result it produces is ,3. It will exercise a profound influence upon,4. Its consequence can be so great that,四、批驳1)It is true that , but one vital point is being left out.2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a mor
22、e important fact. 3) Some people say , but it does not hold water.4) Many of us have been under the illusion that,5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 6) It makes no sense to argue for ,7) Too much stress placed on , may lead to ,8) Such a statement mainly rests on th
23、e assumption that ,9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ,名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 五、举例1) A good case in point is ,2) As an illustration, we may take ,3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) ,is
24、often cited as an example.六、证明1) No one can deny the fact that ,2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ,4) Recent studies indicate that ,5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ,6) According to statistics proved by , it can be seen that ,七、开
25、篇1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ,2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ,5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ,6) Never in our history has the idea th
26、at , been so popular.7) Faced with , quite a few people argue that ,8) According to a recent survey, ,9) With the rapid development of , ,八、结尾名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 1) From what has been discussed above, we can dra
27、w the conclusion that ,2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ,3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ,4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ,5) There is no easy method, but ,might be of some help.6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ,7) In summary, if we
28、continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ,10) Taking all these into account, we ,11) Whether it is good
29、 or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear,九、1)With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up 2)When it comes to, ,some people think believe,that,,others argue claim that opposite reverse is true.There is probably,some truth in both arguments statements ,but, 当说到 , ,有些人认为 , ,但另一些
30、人则持相反的观点, 。这两种观点可能都有点道理,但, 。四级写作终极归纳之基础篇2007-09-27 作者:刘一博大学英语四级考试自1987 年开始至今已走过了18 个年头,而写作作为必考项目在这18 年中无论是命题思路还是写作方法、写作技巧都几乎没有大的改动。从最近公布的新四级考试大纲和样题中我们也不难看到,这种稳定性在新四级考试中仍将得到进一步延续。结名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 合多年来对四级写作的研
31、究和一些丰富的教学经验,笔者认为非常有必要将一些四级写作知识和技巧进行总结,因为这不仅仅对现行四级的考生,而且对即将参加新四级考试的学生都有指导和借鉴意义。四级写作的特点与要求孙子云:“知己知彼,百战不殆”。想在写作考试中获得成功,就必须首先了解四级考试的要求和评分规则。由于新四级考试还没有开始进行,笔者就以一篇根据现行四级写作题目“Do Lucky NumbersReally Bring Good Luck?”写成的学生作文为例来讲述几个最基本的道理。例文 1:Some people think that certian(拼写错误 ) numbers will bring good luck
32、 to them. Numbers such as six, eight, sixteen and eighteen are regarded as lucky numbers. There are also people who think that their success is related to certain numbers. However, some other people think numbers have nothing to do with their luck. They believe in their own rather than“lucky numbers
33、 ”. They dont do things according to certain numbers. As far as I am concerned, I think it is a persons own business whether he believes in a certain number or not. The most important thing is that he has done the work by himself and has done it quite well. As to the belief in numbers, it is their (
34、前后指代不一致,应改为his) personal choice. 该文章是当年四级考试命题组印发给全国评卷老师的一篇例文,根据15 分制的评分标准,这篇例文被评为14 分,供全国评卷老师作为评分参考。乍看起来,本文无论从遣词造句还是思想深度,似乎都算不得一篇佳作;但它之所以能够被评为14 分,还是有其内在深名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 层次原因的, 那就是经常被考生们所忽视的议论文写作常识。简要地讲, 可分
35、为以下三个部分:(一)英文议论文的结构特点汉语写作对文章结构的要求不是很高,如开头段应该包括什么、论题句应该在什么时候出现、 文章的结尾是否必须总结全文等等。而英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨,文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰,开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。简而言之,英语议论文共有三大特点:1、 观点鲜明的开头;2、 紧扣主题的结尾;3、 有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。这三点当中,第1、 2 点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知,因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语文章的要求。但在长时间的学习过程中,这样的要求被很多学生以为是“老土”而得不到足够的重视。 如果将这种思想带到英语议论文写作当中,直接的
36、后果就是中心分散、观点不明确, 加上中国学生普遍英文表达能力不强,这些因素就为整篇文章的失败埋下了隐患。另外,英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首,而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后,在英文应试写作中更加如此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想,所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么,就写什么”, 这在英语议论文中是不能接受的。例如, 例文 1 中每一段的首句都简要地概括出了该段的主要内容,换句话说, 每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的,其顺序不能颠倒。(关于段落的衔接,在后面的内容中将详细介绍。) ( 二) 中心统一名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - -
37、- - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 在中心统一这个问题上,英语议论文和汉语议论文的概念也有所不同。中国人在写议论文时常常遵循“中庸”的原则,其具体的表现就是认为世界上没有任何事情是绝对的。当他们在文章中表扬一件事物或一种现象的时候,总要指出其不足;同样, 在批评一件事物或一种现象的同时,也总不忘记指出其也有合理之处。这种做法从道理上来讲并没有什么不妥,但却不符合英语议论文的写作习惯,因为英语作家在写议论文时关注的是自己的辩论技巧和其结果对公众的影响力。换句话说, 如果作者告
38、诉大家两面都有道理也就等于说两面都没有道理,因为读者在读了文章之后仍旧不知道作者的看法是什么,以及自己在这种情况下到底该怎么做。所以,既然四级考试考的是英语文章,大家就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯:表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支持;表示反对就彻彻底底地反对,而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。 以上面的例文1 为例, 如果作者的观点是“幸运数字是既有道理又无道理的”,这种观点就无法让人接受,因为在英语议论文中,这是典型的中心不统一。四六级英语写作八条经典法则2007-11-20 来源:新浪网 1.Organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、
39、make an outline、etc. 下笔前整合思绪:脑力激荡,写出纲要等。 2.Write clearly. Be concise. Avoid wordiness. 写作清晰,务必精简,避免赘言。 3.Use good grammar and write complete sentences. 使用好的文法,写出完整句子。 4.Write simple sentences. Avoid a fancy style. 尝试简单句,避免花俏的句法。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - -
40、- - - 第 13 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words. 避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字。 6.Avoid use of the first person (i.e. I/me/my) unless necessary to specific piece. 除非必要,避免使用第一人称:如“我/ 我的”。 7.Writing naturally. Read it aloud. Does it sound natural? Does it flow? 自然挥洒,大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗?通顺吗
41、? 8.Move logically from one idea to the next. Dont skip steps. 上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。四六级写作指导:用简单句表达复杂思想2007-12-07 来源:新浪网应试作文的评分标准尽管描述语言不同,但都可以分为内容、组织和语言三个方面,如果是应用文, 还要看语域 ( 主要指语言使用是否符合场合) 和格式。 新四级作文的评分标准也不能脱离以上三大方面:内容按照题目提纲扩展即可;组织除了要注意段与段之间的连贯与衔接之外, 还要特别注意考生最容易忽略的句与句之间的逻辑性;最难提高的是语言,即用词的丰富性和句子的复杂性。要拿到新四级
42、写作高分,就必须在语言上有所起色,语言是绕不过去的一个心结,那么语言突破之路,到底在何方呢?答曰:简单句。这是从广大考生的实际出发给出的回答。因为学了很多年的英语,大部分考生还是能够写出一些东西的, 最起码能够写出一些英语的简单句吧。简单句包括S+V(主谓句 ), S+V+O( 主谓宾 ) , S+V+O+O(主谓宾宾 ) ,S+V+O+C( 主谓宾宾补 ) , S+V+C(主系表 ) ,复杂一些的句子无不是由这些简单句演变而来的。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 14
43、 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 用简单句写复杂思想学了这么多年英语,为什么还不能写出好的句子?原因在于想得太复杂了。我们可以将要表达的汉语思想,全部说成简单的句子,而简单句,在写作时是考生可以掌控的。之后再将简单句加以润色、组合,使之登堂入室,夺取高分。例如写这句话: 大学生刚刚毕业就想立刻找到高薪的工作是不可能的。看到这样的汉语句子,一般我们的反应是要用It is impossible for sb. to do sth. 这样的句型,然后想着往里填词:在sb. 的位置填上“刚刚毕业的大学生”,在不定式的位置填上“找到高薪的工作”,如下所示:It is impossi
44、ble for刚刚毕业的大学生to 找到高薪的工作. 那么“刚刚毕业的大学生”怎么写?英语里面好像找不到一个表示“刚刚毕业的”形容词放在大学生前面,所以就要用定语从句,写成college students who have just graduated ,如果 graduated不会写,先写成left;然后怎么写“高薪的”,英语里面也没有这样一个形容词放在jobs 的前面,所以用定语从句,写成to find jobs which can give them a lot of money 。这样这个句子将写成:It is impossible for college students who h
45、ave just graduated to find jobs which can give them a lot of money. 这样将两个定语从句放在这个句型里面,实在是太容易犯错了。实际上,刚刚毕业的大学生可以写成:newly-graduated students, 而高薪的工作可以写成well-paying jobs, 将这两个短语放进去,成为: It is impossible for newly-graduated students to find well-paying jobs ,与上面的定语从句相比会获得更高的分数。不过试问,能写出这两个短语的有几人呢?我们能不能换一种思
46、路,想得简单点,把上面一句话拆分成为四句:每年,都有很多大学生毕业。他们都想找到工作。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 15 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 这些工作可以给他们很多钱。这是不可能的。我相信这样的句子大部分考生很快就可以写出来:Every year, many college students graduate.They all want to find jobs.These jobs can give them a lot of m
47、oney.This is impossible.第一句话属于五种简单句中的主谓句,第二句是主谓宾,第三句是主谓间宾直宾,第四句是主系表。下面我们看看能不能润色一下:第一句话我们将熟悉的many改为 heaps and heaps of ( 一批一批的 ) ,这是换词;然后?:from universities;又想到还有独立的学院,再加上and institutes。第一句话变成:Every year, heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities and institutes. 这句话这样一改,便成气候了。第二句
48、和第三句可以用定语从句连接起来,因为第三句的主语是第二句最后jobs 的重复,所以成为:They all want to find jobs ,which can give them a lot of money. 再润色,我们发现give 可以改为offer ,a lot of money可以改为 handsome salaries。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 16 页,共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 利用学过的语法知识我们可以让这个句子更加复
49、杂,给定语从句中加一个插入语:they hope,放在 which 后面,这样这句话就成为:They all want to find jobs ,which they hope can offer them handsome salaries. 第四句话也可以和前两句连在一起,这次不采用主从复合句,而采用并列句, 因为意思发生转折,故用but 连接,而impossible太绝对了,改为hardly possible,于是成为:They all want to find jobs,which they hope can offer them handsome salaries,but this
50、 is hardly possible. 所以最初的那句话,经过拆解、 加工 ( 换词和连句 ) 形成了下面的一组句子:Every year, heaps and heaps of college students graduate from universities and institutes. They all want to find jobs,which they hope can offer them handsome salaries,but this is hardly possible. 上文总共 32 个词,与我们刚才认为很难达到的那个句子It is impossible