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1、高一英语暑假作业（1）第一部分 阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Grard Mourou. Its the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering fe
2、male physicistspast and presentwho actually deserve the prize. Jocelyn Bell Burnell Perhaps the most famous snub(冷落): then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went
3、to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a 2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to The Guardian, I feel Ive done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize. Lene Hau Hau is best-known for leading the research team at Harvard
4、 University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2019 be Haus year? Vera Rubin Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recogniti
5、on from the committee. Chien-Shiung Wu Wus Wu experiment helped disprove the law of conservation of parity. Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study. Lise Meitner Meitner led groundbrea
6、king work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.1.When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel?A.In 1944.B.In 1967.C.In 1974.D.In 1980.2.Which woman is most li
7、kely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text?A.Donna Strickland.B.Jocelyn Bell Burnell.C.Lene Hau.D.Vera Rubin.3.What do we know about the five females?A.The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry.B.Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.C.Lise Meitners teacher won a Nobe
8、l Prize for her work.D.The five female scientists havent been awarded Nobel Prize.BA Kenyan teacher who gave away most o his monthly salary(工资) to poor people has won a $1-million Global Teacher Prize.In 2016, Peter Tabichi came to Keriko Mixed Day Secondary School, a public school, in a faraway Ken
9、yas rift valley. The school had just a single computer, which had problems connecting to the Internet. It had no library or laboratory as well. To make matters worse, the students came from poor families where basics like food and clothing were hard to come by. While these difficulties would have ca
10、used most people to leave quickly, Tabichi stayed.Realizing that the students were poor, the teacher began using as much as 80 percent of his monthly salary to buy food and learning objects for them. He set up a science club to get kids interested in the topic. Our laboratory does not have everythin
11、g, but I encourage them to think wider and use what we can get locally.Tabichi and other four teachers regularly visited low-achieving and at-risk students at their homes to provide one-on-one help and understand the difficulties these children faced daily. Tabichi also encouraged parents to allow g
12、irls to continue their high-school education.Tabichis efforts have made a difference. School registration has more than doubled to almost 400 now since he came. In 2017, 16 of the 59 graduating students went to college, while in 2018, the number rose to 26. In 2017, five students qualified(获得参赛资格) f
13、or the Intel ISEF(International Science and Engineering Fair). This year, two other students will compete in the 2019 Intel ISEF to be held in Phoenix, Arizona.The teacher, however, owes his success to his students, saying, I am only here because of what my students have achieved. This prize gives t
14、hem a chance. It tells the world that they can do anything. As would be expected, Tabichi plans to spend the prize money on his school community and feed the poor.1. What can we know about Keriko Mixed Day Secondary School?A. It had dozens of teachers.B. It was in the centre of a city.C. It owned a
15、modern lab.D. It was in poor condition.2. Which word can be used to describe Peter Tabichi?A. Honest.B. Wealthy.C. Kind.D. Humorous.3. Which is the closest number of students when Peter Tabichi began teaching there?A.90.B.190.C.290.D.390.4. What is the text mainly about?A. A school located in a Keny
16、as rift valley became famous.B. A Kenyan teacher helping poor students won Global Teacher Prize.C. A Kenyan teacher helped girls to continue their high-school education.D. Five Kenyan students qualified for the Intel ISEF for their performance.C Dogs are our best friends. Thats especially true after
17、 a disaster, such as an earthquake. When buildings fall down, search-and-rescue dogs help find trapped people. Dogs amazing noses can pick up the smell of survivors. Now scientists have developed an electronic tool that does the same thing. Its taking smell detection(探测) to a whole new level. The ne
18、w invention is a sort of electronic nose, which can detect extremely low levels of many compounds(化合物) from peoples skin. This isnt the first time engineers have developed such an object. Earlier models, however, have been bulky and expensive. They could not detect low levels of target compounds eit
19、her. The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment. The electronic nose can detect extremely slight smell of more than one compound at the same time. Being able to do this, in such a small object, is the significant discovery, says Sotiris E. Pratsinis, Professor of P
20、rocess Engineering and Materials Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His team tested it in special spaces. They were like the small spaces where people might be trapped. Chemicals given off by the volunteers built up inside. The electronic equipment detected those compoun
21、ds at unbelievably low levels. The results were good news for the research team. But they may be not for our four-legged friends, who could soon be out of a job. Ideally, this technology could replace search-and-rescue dogs, Pratsinis says. Stephen Taylor, an electrical engineer, agrees that the new
22、 technology has some benefits over dogs. Still, he thinks it may be too soon to have our trusty friends retire. He suspects, I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs. Taylor also points out some potential limitations of the new invention. E-noses are useful, but can
23、be very likely to be affected by unstable readings and interruption, he says.1.Why does the author talk about dogs at the beginning?A.To catch the readers attention.B.To introduce the topic about e-noses.C.To show what search-and-rescue dogs do.D.To add background information for discussion.2.Which
24、of the following best explains bulky underlined in Paragraph 2?A.Complex.B.Fragile.C.Handy.D.Large.3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A.What e-noses working principle is.B.How e-noses are made.C.What differences between dogs and e-noses are.D.How powerful e-noses are.4.What does Stephen Taylor mean?
25、A.Dogs and e-noses could work together.B.Search-and-rescue dogs will retire soon.C.E-noses are more reliable than noses of dogs.D.Dogs are better at finding out trapped people.DThe 24 solar terms (节气) originated and was first used in China. It was created thousands of years ago on the basis of pract
26、ical needs of agricultural. Ancient Chinese people used it to guide agricultural production, explain special climate signs and even come up with healthy living tips. Last year, the 24 solar terms was added to UNESCOs world cultural heritage list. Now, it has been brought to life thanks to a creative
27、 designer from Southwest Chinas Guizhou Province. On the eve of this years Qingming Festival, Shi Changhong released (发布) his version of reproduced and packaged characters for each solar term in the form of moving art of gifs. Since their first release on Zcool on March 29, the gifs have won great p
28、raise among the general public and quickly flooded the social media with millions of hits during the festival period. To maximize publicity, Shi released his work in three forms: the video, the animation and pictures. The background sounds add to the brilliance. When I watch the short video, I can s
29、trongly feel the Chinese-style elements hidden in it. And it is really cool to liven up traditional Chinese culture in such a unique way. WeChat user Xiao Feifei said.It is really a comfort to me to see so many people like my latest work. To be honest, it would really surprise me if the work had not
30、 aroused great interest among Chinese people. The 24 solar terms is a deeply rooted concept that covers the essence of Chinese wisdom. However, only a small portion of people know all the names or the correct order of those terms. My intention is to increase Chinese peoples self-awareness to learn m
31、ore about our traditional fine culture. Actually, the 24 solar terms work is only a part of my whole design program Charm China, which I started a year ago. Shi told China Daily.1. Which part of the newspaper does the text probably belong to?A. Travel.B. Culture.C. Agriculture.D. Education.2. What d
32、o you think the underlined word Zcool refers to?A. Newspaper.B. Magazine.C. Radio broadcast.D. Website.3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. The background sounds of the work make the video more attractive.B. It really surprised Shi Changhong to see so many people lik
33、e his latest work.C. Most old people know all the names or the correct order of the 24 solar terms.D. The 24 solar terms work designed by Shi Changhong was added to UNESCOs heritage list.4. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce a creative designer.B. To introduce the 24 solar terms work
34、.C. To introduce the origin of the 24 solar terms.D. To introduce a design program Charm China.第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Although problems are a part of our lives, it certainly doesnt mean that we let them rule our lives forever. One day or the other, youll have to stand up and say
35、problems, I dont want you in my life._ Problems with friends, parents, girlfriends, husbands, and childrenthe list goes on. Apart from these, the inner conflicts within ourselves work, too. These keep adding to our problems. Problems come in different shapes and colors and feelings.But the good news
36、 is that all problems can be dealt with. Now read on to know how to solve your problems.Talking really helps. What most of us think is that our problems can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help._ Talking helps you move on and let go.Write your problems._ When you write down
37、your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system. You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems. By doing this, imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.Dont lose faith and hope. No matter what you lose in life, dont lose faith and hope. E
38、ven if you lose all your money, family., you should still have faith. _Your problems arent the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there are another one million people whose problems are huger than yours._ Your problems might just seem big and bad, but in reality they can be removed.Go ab
39、out and solve your problems because every problem, however big or small, always has a way out.A. Tell yourself: when they can deal with them, why cant I?B. With faith and hope, you can rebuild everything that you lose.C.Of course, weve been fighting problems ever since we were born.D.We can often ov
40、ercome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.E.Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you dont want a real person to talk with.F.When we have a problem, a pressing, critical, urgent, life-threatening problem, how do we try and solve it?G.But the truth is that when y
41、ou talk about them, youre setting free the negative energy that has been gathering within you.第二部分第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Hansen and his 10-year-old son Chase search the streets of Salt Lake City every weekend for the homeless to take to lunch. They started Project Empathy(共情
42、) four years ago to 1 a meal, listen to their stories and figured out how they could 2 help . Just start with a smile, a hello. It really just starts with that. If you do it, you can make a connection. A small gesture can have a 3 impact on others less fortunate, Hansen 4 in an interview. Some of th
43、ese shared meals have turned into stronger 5 . Ward, a homeless, was 6 in a flat. He credited the Hansens with helping him 7 the difficult process of moving off the streets. It is great to have friends who make us feel 8 and Im impressed with the pair, Ward said. Father and sons 9 have developed int
44、o a passion project that 10 faith and community, which emphasizes the 11 community members can have in uplifting the homeless. They know they cant settle the homeless 12 alone. Theyre hoping empathy will 13 . My hope for the future is to 14 more connection across our country. We could and we will su
45、cceed15 we have other people join in and help the homeless, Chase said.1. A. buyB. cookC. shareD. eat2. A. oftenB. furtherC. alsoD. even3. A. dramaticB. differentC. minimumD. decisive4. A. remarkedB. praisedC. jokedD. quoted5. A. desiresB. connectionsC. motivationsD. opinions6. A. providedB. permitt
46、edC. abandonedD. housed7. A. throughB. forC. despiteD. to8. A. surprisedB. relaxedC. awesomeD. calm9. A. dreamsB. influencesC. experiencesD. efforts10. A. assessesB. comparesC. highlightsD. respects11. A. importanceB. taskC. chanceD. role12. A. argumentB. problemC. debtD. conflict13. A. go awayB. ca
47、tch onC. fade outD. give off14. A. spreadB. missC. exchangeD. maintain15. A. beforeB. ifC. untilD. so第二节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese kung fu is a _(tradition) Chinese culture. It is probably one of the _ (early) sports that use both strength and brain. The theory of kung fu is based_ classical Chinese philosophy. Over its long history it has developed as a unique comb