《化工热力学习题及答案 第二章 流体的PVT关系.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《化工热力学习题及答案 第二章 流体的PVT关系.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第二章 流体的 PVT 性质21 使用下述三种方法计算 1kmol 的甲烷储存在容积为 0.1246m3、温度为 50 的容器中所产生的压力是多少?(1) 理想气体状态方程;(2) RedlichKwong 方程;(3) 普遍化关系式。解:查附录表可知:Tc = 190.6K , p = 4.6MPa ,Vc = 99cm3 mol -1 ,w = 0.008c(1) 理想气体状态方程:nRT1103 8.214 323.15p = 2.156 107 Pa = 21.56MPa V0.1246(2) RK 方程:0.4278R 2Tc 2.50.4278 8.3142 190.62.5a =
2、 3.225Pa m3 K 0.5 mol -1p4.6 106cRTc0.0867 8.314 190.6b = 0.0867 = = 2.987 10-5 m3 mol -1p4.6 106cRTa8.314 323.153.225p =-=-V - bT 0.5V (V + a)(12.46 - 2.987) 10-5323.150.5 1.246 10-4 (12.46 + 2.987) 10-5= 1.904 107 Pa = 19.04MPa(3) 遍化关系式法7Vr = V= 1.246 10-4= 1.262应该用铺片化压缩因子法Vc9.9 10-5Pr 未知,需采用迭代法。Z
3、RT8.314 323.15Zp = 4.688Zrp V4.6 106 1.246 10-4c令 Z = 0.875得: pr = 4.10查表 28(b)和 27(b)得: Z 1 = 0.24 , Z 0 = 0.87Z = Z 0 + w Z 1 = 0.87 + 0.008 0.24 = 0.872Z 值和假设值一致,故为计算真值。ZRT0.875 8.314 323.15p = 1.877 107 Pa = 18.87MPa V1.246 10-422 欲将 25Kg、298K 的乙烯装入 0.1m3 的刚性容器中,试问需多大压力:解:乙烯的摩尔数: n = 25000 = 892
4、.857mol0.128乙烯的摩尔体积:V = 1.12 10-4 (m3 mol -1 ) 892.857查表得: Tc = 282.4K ,Vc = 129 10-6 (m3 mol -1 ) , pc= 5.036MPa , w = 0.085V = 1.12 10-4r1.29 10-4298= 0.86822 可见由普遍化压缩因子法计算Tr =282.4= 1.0552ZRTZ 8.314 298p = 2.212 107 Z(A)rV1.12 10-4有由 p = p pc r= 5.036 106 prZ = Z 0 + w Z 1(B)设 Z 值代入 A 式求 p,由 Pr、T
5、r 查图得 Z0 和 Z1,代入 B 式迭代求解 Z结果为: p = 1.45 , Z = 0.33rp = 2.212 107 Z = 2.212 107 0.33 = 7.3 106 MPa23 分别用理想气体方程和 Pitzer 普遍化方法,计算510K、2。5MPa 下,正丁烷的摩尔体积。已知实验值为 1480.7cm3mol-1。RT8.314 510解:由理想气体状态方程:V = 1696.1cm3 mol -1p2.5 106相对误差: 1480.7 - 1696.1 = 12.7%1696.1查附录表可知: P = 3.8MPa , T = 425.2K , w = 0.193
6、,V = 255cm 3 mol -1cccp2.5 106P = 0.6579rP3.8 106cT = T = 510 = 1.1994rT425.2c由 P18,图 29 知,应该由普遍化维里系数法计算。0.4220.422B 0 = 0.083 -Tr1.6= 0.083 -= -0.2325 1.19941.6B1 = 0.139 -0.172 = 0.139 -0.172= 0.0589BPcTr 4.21.19944.2RTc= B 0 + w B1 = -0.2325 + 0.193 0.0589 = -0.2211- 0.2211* 8.3145 425.2B = = -2.
7、0569-43.8 106Z = pV= 1 + BpRTRTRT8.314 510V =+ B =- 2.0569 10-4p2.5 106= 14.96110-4 m3 mol -1= 1496.1cm3 mol -11480.7 - 1496.11496.1相对误差:= 1.03%26 将一刚性容器抽空,在液氮的常沸点下装到容积的一半,然后关闭这个容器,加热到21,试计算所产生的压力。液氮的摩尔体积在常沸点时为0.0347m3kmol-1。解:由于液氮的常沸点T = 77.4K ,故加热到T294.5K 时,液氮汽化为氮气N 。b2查表得:Tc = 126.2K , Pc= 3.394M
8、Pa , w = 0.04221下N 的摩尔体积:V = 2 0.0347 10-3 = 6.94 10-5 m3 mol -1(1) 由RK 方程计算:0.4278R 2Tc 2.50.4278 8.3142 126.22.5a = 1.559Pa m6 K 0.5 mol -2p3.394 106c0.0867RTc0.0867 126.2b = 2.68 10-5 m3 mol -1pcp = RT -3.394 106aV - bT 0.5V (V + b)=8.314 294.15-(6.94 - 2.68) 10-5= 43.79MPa(2) 采用SRK 方程计算1.559294.
9、150.5 6.94 + 2.68) 10-5m = 0.480 + 1.574w - 0.176w 2 = 0.480 + 1.574 0.04 - 0.176 0.042 = 0.5427Tr = T = 2.33121代入下式:Tc()()a (T ) = 1 + m 1 - Tr 0.5 2 = 1 + 0.5427 1 - 2.3310.5 2 = 0.50998所以: a =0.42748R 2Tc 2a (T )pc= 0.42748 8.3142 126.223.394 106 0.50998= 0.07071Pa m3 mol -10.08664RTcb = 26.784 1
10、0-6 m3 mol -1Pcp = RT -a (T )= 46.79MPa V - bV (V + b)由于高压低温,采用SRK 方程计算,精度较高。28 某气体的pVT 行为可用下述在状态方程表达式来描述:pV = RT + b - q p RT 式中 b 为常数,只是温度的函数。试证明此气体的等温压缩系数为:k = -RTq pRT + b - RT p q解:由已知状态方程得:V =RT + (b -) p RT=pRT + (b - q )pRT RTq 1 dV 1 d p+ b - RT k = - = - V dp V dpTT=RTq pRT + b - RT p 214
11、有一气体状态方程式 p = RT - a ,a 和 b 是不为零的常数,则此气体是否有临界V - bV点?如果有请用 a、b 表示,如果没有请解释为什么没有。解:已知 p = RT - a (a 和 b 是不为零的常数)V - bV假设该气体有临界点,则在临界点处:= p 0 2 p = 0 V T =Tc V 2 T =Tc将上述状态方程求偏微分代入得:- RT+ a = 0(V - b) 2V 2RT- a = 0 (V - b)3V 3解得:V = V - b所以 b=0已知b 0 ,所以所得结果与题设相矛盾,故该气体无临界点。216 一压缩机每小时处理 600Kg 甲烷及乙烷的等摩尔混
12、合物。气体在 5Mpa,149下离开压缩机。试问离开压缩机的气体体积流率为多少?解:查附录表:CH : T = 190.6K , p= 4.6MPa ,V= 99 10 -6 m3 mol -1 , w = 0.0084ciciciiC H : T = 0305.4K , p= 4.884MPa ,V = 14810-6 m3 mol -1 , w= 0.0982 6cjcjcjj(1) 由RK 方程求混合物的摩尔体积。0.42748R 2T 2.50.42748 8.3142 190.62.5a = 3.2217Pam6 K 0.5 mol -1ip4.6 106ci=0.08664RTbc
13、i29.8465 10-6 m3 mol -1ipci同理可得: aj= 3.2217Pam6 K 0.5 mol -1 , bj= 29.846510-6 m3 mol -1由题意可知: y = yij= 0.5 ,又甲烷和乙烷性质相近, k = 0ija = (a aiji j)0.5 (1 - kij) = (3.2217 9.8613)0.5 = 5.6365Pa m6 K 0.5 mol -2a= y 2 ami ii+ 2 y yiaj ij+ y aj jj= 6.089Pa m6 K 0.5 mol -2b = y b+ y b= 37.4445m3 mol -1mi ij j
14、B = bm p= 0.0533RTA =am= 2.255Bb RT 1.5m代入迭代式得:1Z =1 - h- 2.255h 1 + h=0.0533h Z解得: Z = 1.875 , h = 0.0285混合物的摩尔体积:V =ZRTp= 1.31616 10-3 m3 mol -1气体体积流率: qV = Vn = 1.31616 10-3 1.3042 104 = 17.17m3 h-1(2) 由普遍化维里系数法计算T273.15 + 149甲烷Tr = 2.2Tc190.60.422B 0 = 0.083 -1B1 = 0.139 -1Tr 4.20.172Tr 4.2= -0.
15、0365= 0.133RTB= (B 0 + w B1 ) c1 = 1.22 10-5 m3 mol -11111 1pci对乙烷同理可得:Tr = 1.38 ,B 0 = -0.169 ,B1 = 0.094 ,B= -8.3 10-5 m3 mol -112B 的计算: Z=12Z+ Zc1c 222= 0.288 + 0.2852222= 0.2865Tc12 = (T T )0.5 = 241.27c1 c 211 3V 3 + V 3 V=c1 c122c 2 = 4.71MPa+www=12122= 0.053B 0 = y B 0 + y B 0 = -0.102751 12 2B1 = y B1 + y B1 = 0.113751 12 2+=RTBc12 (B 0w12pc12B1 ) = -4.12 10-5 m3 mol -112混合物: B = y 2 B + 2 y1 y 2 B+ y 2 B= -4.46 10 -5 m3 mol -11 11122 22Z = 1 + Bp = 0.937RTZRTV = 6.576 10-4 m3 mol -1p体积流率: qV= 6.576 10 -4 103 = 17.15m3 h -1