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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -全国攻读硕士学位争论生入学考试英语试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 10 pointsComparisons were drawn between the developmentoftelevisionin the 20th century and
2、 thediffusionofprintinginthe15thand 16thcenturies.Yet much had happened1.As was discussedbefore,itwas not2the19th centurythatthenewspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _， following in the wake of the pamphletand the book and in the4of the periodical. It was during the same time thatththe com
3、municationsrevolution 5up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,and leading6through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7the 20century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that Process in8. It is important to do so.Itisgenerallyrecognized, 9,thattheintroductio
4、nof the computerinthe early 20th century,10by the invention of the integrated circuit during the1960s, radically changed the process,11its impact on the media was not immediately12. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful,and theybecame “personal ” too,as wellas13,withdisplaybeco
5、ming sharperandstorage14increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,15generations, with the distance between generations much16.It was within the computer age that the term“information society” began to be widelyused todescribethe17withinwhichwe now live.The communications revolution has18both work and
6、leisure and how we think and feel both aboutplaceand time,but therehave been 19viewaboutitseconomic,political,social and cultural implications.“Benefits ” have been weighed20“harmful ” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.1. A betweenB before C since Dlater2. A afterB by C during Dunt
7、il3. A meansB method C medium Dmeasure4. A processB company C light Dform5. A gatheredB speeded C worked Dpicked6. A onB out C over Doff7. A ofB for C beyond Dinto8. A conceptB dimension C effect Dperspective9. A indeedB hence C however Dtherefore10. Abrought Bfollowed Cstimulated Dcharacterized11.
8、A unlessB since C lest D although12. A apparentB desirable C negative D plausible可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -13. Ainstitutional Buniversal Cfundamental Dinstrumental14. A abilityB ca
9、pability C capacity D faculty15. A by means of Bin terms of C with regard toD in line with16. A deeperB fewer C nearer D smaller17. A contextB range C scope D territory18. A regardedB impressed C influenced D effected19. A competitiveB controversial C distracting D irrational20. A aboveB upon C agai
10、nst D withSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read thefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbelow each textby choosingA, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 pointsText 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared exper
11、iences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to theaudienceand shouldhelpto show them thatyou are one of them or thatyou understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whomyou are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a groupofma
12、nagers,youmay refertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on theirdisorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of d
13、octors. A man arrivesinheaven and isbeingshown aroundby St.Peter.He sees wonderfulaccommodations, beautifulgardens,sunny weather,and so on.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeand friendlyuntil,waitingina lineforlunch,the new arrivalissuddenlypushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of
14、the line, grabs his food andstomps overto a tableby himself.“ Whoisthat. ” the new arrivalasked St.Peter.“Oh, that s God, ” came the reply,“but sometimes he thinks he s a doctor.”Ifyou arepartofthegroup which you areaddressing,you willbe ina position to know the experiences and problems which are co
15、mmon to all of you and it ll be appropriateforyou tomake a passingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfood orthe chairman s notoriousbad tasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyou mustn tattempt to cut in withhumor as they willresentan outsidermaking disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You wi
16、ll be on safer ground if you stick toscapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you candeliverina relaxedand unforcedmanner. Oftenit s th
17、edeliverywhich causes the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -audiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworan unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hear
18、ted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiarquote “ Ifat firstyou don t succeed,giveup” or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and in
19、ject with humor.21. To make your humor work, you should.A take advantage of different kinds of audienceB make fun of the disorganized peopleC address different problems to different peopleD show sympathy for your listeners22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are.A imp
20、olite to new arrivalsB very conscious of their godlike roleC entitled to some privilegesD very busy even during lunch hours23. It can be inferred from the text that public services.A have benefited many peopleB are the focus of public attentionC are an inappropriate subject for humorD have often bee
21、n the laughing stock24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered.A in well-worded languageB as awkwardly as possibleC in exaggerated statementsD as casually as possible25. The best title for the text may be.A Use Humor EffectivelyB Various Kinds of HumorC Add Humor to Spee
22、chD Different Humor StrategiesText 2Sincethedawn of human ingenuity,peoplehave devisedevermore cunningtools to copewithwork thatis dangerous, boring,burdensome, orjustplain nasty. That compulsionhasresultedinrobotics thescienceofconferringvarioushuman capabilitieson machines.And ifscientistshave yet
23、 to createthe mechanicalversion of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmoswhose presence we barelynoticebut whose universalexistencehas removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arm
24、s. Our banking is doneat automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -transaction.Our subway trainsare controlledby tireless
25、robot-drivers.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there arealready robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But i
26、frobotsare toreach thenextstageof laborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshuman supervisionand be abletomake atleasta few decisions forthemselves goalsthatpose a realchallenge.“ Whilewe know how to tella robot to handlea specificerror,says Dave Lavery,manager of a roboticsprogram at NASA, “w
27、e cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with adynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixedresults.Despitea spellof initialoptimisminthe 1960s and 1970s when itappeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to c
28、opy the action ofthe human brain by the year 2021, researchers lately have begun to extend thatforecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brainsroughlyone hundred billionnervecellsare muchmore talented and humanperception far more complica
29、ted than previously imagined. They have built robots that canrecognizetheerrorofa machine panelby a fractionof a millimeterina controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene andimmediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing
30、on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious faceina big crowd.The most advanced computersystemson Earthcantapproachthatkind of ability, and neuroscientists still don t know quite how we do it.26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in.A the use of machines to p
31、roduce science fiction.B the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.C the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.D the elite s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27. The word“ gizmos ” line 1, paragraph 2 most probably means.A programs B expertsC devices D creatures28
32、. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can.A fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.B interact with human beings verbally.C have a little common sense.D respond independently to a changing world.29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can al
33、so.A make a few decisions for themselves.B deal with some errors with human intervention.C improve factory environments.D cultivate human creativity.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -30. T
34、he author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are.A expected to copy human brain in internal structure.B able to perceive abnormalities immediately.C far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.D best used in a controlled environment.Text 3Could the bad olddays o
35、f economic declinebe about toreturn.SinceOPECagreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,up from lessthan $10 lastDecember. Thisnear-triplingof oilpricescallsup scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when theyalso alm
36、ost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation andglobaleconomic decline. So where are theheadlines warning of gloomand doom this time.The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter gr
37、ips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts fora smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1
38、970s. In Europe, taxesaccountforup tofour-fifthsof theretailprice,so even quitebigchanges inthe price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation,
39、 a shift to other fuelsand a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDPin constant prices rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil th
40、an in 1973. The OECDestimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with$13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only0.25-0.5%ofGDP. Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincome lossin1974 or1980. On the other hand
41、, oil-importing emerging economies to which heavy industry has shifted have become more energy-intensive,and so couldbe more seriouslysqueezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of generalco
42、mmodity-priceinflationand globalexcessdemand. A sizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomic decline.The Economist s commodity priceindex is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, andin 1979 by almost 30%.31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil p
43、rice is A global inflation.B reduction in supply.Cfast growth in economy.D Iraqs suspension of exports.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 42 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if .A price of crude rises.B commodity prices rise.C consumption rises.D oil taxes rise.33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries . A heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive. B income loss mainly results from f