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1、翻译专业资格考试（二级口译综合能力）备考试题及答案（一）Part I1.To keep the prosperity of the air industry, the Department of Defense has invested a lot of money to develop an innovative type of aircraft which does not need a runway.答案：A解析：词汇理解。该段录音的首句便提出问题：在面临种种困难的情况下，航空业如何才能保持繁荣兴盛？紧接着录音中指出“One answer may come from the Depart
2、ment ofDefense, which had sponsored development of an innovative new type of aircraft that doesnt need a runway.”，可知为了保持航空业的繁荣，国防部已经投资研制一种新型飞机，而该种飞机不需要跑道，与题干表述内容相吻合。【录音原文】With major airports facing chronic traffic jams and nobody volunteering to have a new airport built in his backyard, how is the a
3、ir-travel boom going to sustain itself? One answer may come from the Department of Defense, which had sponsored development of an innovative new type of aircraft that doesnt need a runway; its engine pods point upward for vertical takeoff, then tilt horizontally for forward flight.2.The speaker is c
4、ertain that there will be quieter and more fuel-efficient supersonic passenger jets for long-haul lights in the future.答案：B解析：录音中指出“若技术上再有稍微的突破，声音更小、更节能高效的超音速客机或许能成为现实”，录音中提到的viable指“切实可行的；有望实现的”，可见说话者只是推断并非是确信，因此题干表述过于绝对。【录音原文】Still, one day, demand for fast long-haul flights could return.With only
5、 a modicum of technological progress,a quieter,more fuel-efficient supersonic passenger jet could be viable.3.It is dangerous for people to live on the Earth if CO2 concentrations continue to rise.答案：A解析：该段录音中指出“最近趋势显示二氧化碳的排放量正在超过大自然的吸收能力”，过去几年空气中二氧化碳含量的增速突然上升到2.54 ppm或以上，这意味着自然系统减少碳排放量的能力正在减弱。可推测，如
6、果二氧化碳浓度持续升高，居住在地球上将会是危险的。【录音原文】Recent trends suggest that carbon emissions are outpacing absorption.Over the past two decades, atmospheric CO2 concentrations rose each year, on average, by 1.5 parts per million (ppm), but the last few years have seen unexplained and alarming jumps of up to 2.54 ppm
7、and beyond.This suggests that the ability of the Earths natural systems to mitigate the rise in carbon emissions is weakening.4.The privacy of members of organizations has been invaded through the creation and maintenance of data files of computers.答案：A解析：主要信息的找寻和判断。关于电脑对个人隐私的影响问题，录音中首先就指出“电脑会增加组织和团
8、体对成员的控制，并且侵犯成员隐私的潜在可能，已经引起了人们的广泛关注”，接着提到“The privacy issue has been raised with respect to creation and maintenance of data files”，可知数据文件的创建和维护会牵涉到隐私问题。因此，题干中所提到“由于电脑数据文件的创建和维护，机构成员的隐私会因而受到侵犯”与该段录音表达内容相一致。【录音原文】The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over th
9、eir members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern.The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources.5.The collection industry is losing
10、money because of stricter federal and state regulations on their practices.答案：B解析：从录音中提到的“the collection industrys annual revenues have more than tripled in the past ten years.”，可知collection industry的年收入在过去十年间增长了三倍多，故题干描述的“losing money”与录音不符。【录音原文】As American households have run up ever-larger debts
11、, and as banks and other lenders have given up collecting their own debts because stricter federal and state regulations have made the business more costly, the collection industrys annual revenues have more than tripled in the past ten years, to $16.5 billion.6.Fish is the least energy-efficient be
12、cause most fossil fuelis required in order to catch some fishes.答案：A解析：录音中指出vegetarian diet（素餐）是the most energy-efficient（最节能的），而“.fish almost was on par with red meat as the least efficient.”（鱼肉和红肉一样是最不节省能源的），因为进行长途航行去捉掠食性鱼需要大量化石燃料。on par with与不分上下，与同等水平。【录音原文】To find out which types of foods requi
13、re the most fossil fuels and, as a result, release the most CO2, they considered five different diets.Each equaled 3,774 calories a day, and ranged from the average American diet to red meat, fish, poultry, and vegetarian diets.It came as no surprise to the researchers that the vegetarian diet ranke
14、d number one as the most energy-efficient, followed by poultry and the average American diet.It did come as a surprise, however, that fish almost was on par with red meat as the least efficient-a large amount of fossil fuel is necessary for long-distance voyages to catch large predatory fishes such
15、as tuna and swordfish.Moreover, salmon farming is not energy efficient.7.The speaker says that the periods of seismic activity are increasingly complex and may cause the earth to wobble.答案：B解析：特定信息的找寻和理解。题干中提到的seismic activity(地震活动)为关键信息。从录音中提到的“.there are increases and decreases in episodes of seis
16、mic activity, but there is no regular or predictable pattern”，可知虽然地震活动周期有起有伏，但没有什么规律可循，也无法预测其态势。而题干中却指出“地震活动周期变得越来越复杂，可能会导致地球的颤动”，与录音中相关内容不符。【录音原文】Our discussion of earthquakes would be incomplete if we didnt raise the possibility of their being caused by external forces.As you know there are increa
17、ses and decreases in episodes of seismic activity, but there is no regular or predictable pattern.8.The speaker suggests the immigration policy should allow people from the developed world to travel in and out of the country more freely.答案：A解析：录音中指出“切实可行的移民政策应该更加具有选择性，而非更加严格。人均收入相当的国家之间应该允许公民自由进出，让他
18、们在不同国家愿意工作或停留多久就多久”，因此题干与录音内容相符。【录音原文】A workable policy (on immigration) would be more selective, not more restrictive.Countries could, for instance, freely admit the citizens of any country with broadly the same income per head as theirs, letting them work or stay as long as they liked.9.There were
19、 more people killed in road accidents than those dying of HIV/AIDS worldwide in 2000.答案：B解析：录音中提到2000年有超过160万人死于暴力，该数字大概是那年死于艾滋病人数的一半，可知2000年有大概320万人因艾滋病去世，根据录音最后提到的“In 2000, violence took more lives than road traffic crashes.”可知因道路交通事故去世的人比死于暴力的人数少，由此可知那年因艾滋病去世的人数最多，故题干有误。【录音原文】In 2000, there were
20、over 1.6 million deaths due to violence.This is about half the number of deaths due to HIV/AIDS in that year, and about equal to the number of deaths due to tuberculosis.In 2000, violence took more lives than road traffic crashes and malaria.10.The uninsured in inner and suburbia dont need to pay fo
21、r the treatment of their illnesses.答案：B解析：录音中指出“不仅在市中心并且在郊区都应该设立社区卫生中心，因为那里很多人都没有医疗保险”，从录音最后提到的“对于没有医疗保险的人来说，发展关于community-rated catastrophic health insurance的国家指导方针可以帮助支付需住院治理的严重疾病的费用”，由此可见，没有保险的人看病还是需要支付费用的。【录音原文】Community health centers not only should be located in inner cities, but in suburbia
22、as well, since many people there also lack health insurance.These centers would be much more cost-effective than having emergency rooms clogged with nonemergency cases of uninsured patients.Community health centers can be augmented with school-based health programs for children.In addition, the deve
23、lopment of national guidelines for cost-effective, private, community-rated catastrophic health insurance for the uninsured could help pay for the treatment of serious illnesses that may require hospitalization or other expensive cures.11.The Tsunami that occurred in November 2004 killed over 140, 0
24、00 people, leaving several million homeless in Aceh Province and Sri Lanka.答案：B解析：特定信息的找寻和判断。录音开头便提到“The late-December tsunami ushered in 2005 on a somber note.”，可知这次海啸发生在2005年12月末，而题干中却指出海啸发生在November 2004（2004年11月），因此与录音原文不符。【录音原文】The late-December tsunami ushered in 2005 on a somber note, with th
25、e death toll at over 140,000 and rising.Several million have been left homeless along the Indian Ocean coast, in particular in Indonesias Aceh province and in Sri Lanka.The rebuilding, along with the immediate need for emergency food and medical assistance, will require a global relief effort.12.Agu
26、staWestland is an innovative company and a market leader in making helicopters.答案：A解析：录音中首先指出欧洲有很多有创意的当地公司，从接下来提到的“For instance, Agusta Westland,a helicopter maker”和“it was classed as a pioneer and later as a market leader”，可知Agusta Westland是一家有创意的公司，并被认为是直升机制造业的领导者。【录音原文】The good news for Europe is
27、 that there are a number of local companies that are as innovative as any.For instance, Agusta Westland, a helicopter maker, is moving into what it dubs its third era of sustainable growth, following periods when it was classed as a pioneer and later as a market leader.The company has launched two b
28、igresearch-based projects to achieve this.13.Violence brought about by large groups of people or the state is more serious than violence by individuals.答案：B解析：录音中只是把暴力从广义上分成三类：self-directed, interpersonal和collective，并对这三种类型的暴力进行了解释，并未提及那种暴力更加严重。【录音原文】At the broadest level, violence is divided into t
29、hree major categories: self-directed, interpersonal and collective.So we differentiate between violence a person inflicts upon himself or herself; violence inflicted by another individual or small group of individuals; and violence inflicted by larger groups or states.14.People from different religi
30、ous and racial background would find it more difficult to be accepted by the host countries, according to what is proposed.答案：A解析：该段录音的主要内容是“种族和宗教必须成为关于移民的公众讨论的一部分。假装种族和宗教不会影响态度使得移民政策更加严格”。因此题干内容与录音相符。【录音原文】Race and religion must be a part of the public discussion of migration.To pretend that they d
31、o not affect attitudes makes policy more restrictive than it should be.15.Migratory birds may rely on the earths magnetic field for guidance while traveling during cloudy days.答案：B解析：逻辑推理和判断。录音中指出“On cloudy nights, they may be using the earths magnetic field.”，可知，多云的夜晚，迁徙的鸟类在飞行时会依靠地球磁场的指引，而非题干中所提到的d
32、uring cloudy days。因此该题表述有误。【录音原文】Migratory birds use several ways to help them navigate.While traveling on a clear night they use the stars as guides.On cloudy nights, they may be using the earths magnetic field or the wind to help them navigate accurately.While flying during the day, the sun provid
33、es help for their precise flight.16.The Liberal Democrats believe that people earning more than $100,000 a year should donate extra money.答案：A解析：录音中指出托里党人和自由民主党人都坚持各自关于以税收资助的高等教育的观点，并提到后者（即自由民主党人）认为多余的钱可以毫不费力地从年收入超过10万英镑的人那里获得。因此题干表述正确。【录音原文】Both the Tories and the Liberal Democrats cling to the ide
34、a of purely tax-funded higher education: the former intends to save money by cutting student numbers; the latter claims that extra money can be painlessly extracted from people earning more than 1000 a year.17.About 85,000 patents are granted to foreign applicants each year in America.答案：A解析：录音中提到美国
35、是世界上主要的专利局，每年批准170,000项专利，而有一半是授予给外国专利申请者的，也就是85,000项专利。【录音原文】In America, many experts believe that dubious patents abound, such as the notorious one for a sealed crustlesssandwich.Of the few patents that are reexamined by the Patent and Trademark Office itself, often after complaints from others, m
36、ost are invalidated or their claims clipped down.The number of duplicate claims among patents is far too high.What happens in America matters globally, since it is the worlds leading patent office, approving about 170,000 patents each year, half of which are granted to foreign applicants.18.Sweden i
37、s a country that is very popular with immigrants.答案：B解析：该段录音的主要内容是“随着越来越多的外国人来到瑞典并在那里定居，他们可能会促进瑞典价值观的改变。甚至邻国的丹麦人都表示不能理解为何瑞典人长久以来忍受这个管理过严的政府”，并未表现出瑞典是一个受移民欢迎的国家。【录音原文】As more foreigners come in and settle in Sweden, they may in turn help to change their host countrys values.Even neighboring Danes say
38、 they cannot understand why the Swedes have for so long put up with a nanny state that tries to run every aspect of their lives.Part II1.Food and fiber production have_A.been the major concern of the US government of the last 50 years.B.been more than doubled over the last half century.C.reduced dra
39、matically.D.been the main source of export for US agriculture.答案：A解析：录音首句便指出“Over the last century, the primary public need addressed by US agriculture has been food and fiber production”，可知在过去半个世纪（50年）美国农业部主要解决公众对食物和纤维产品的需求。对应选项A。【录音原文】Over the last century, the primary public need addressed by US
40、agriculture has been food and fiber production.The major focus of agricultural research, in turn, has been on enhancing agricultural productivity.The success of that endeavor has been substantial, as demonstrated by major productivity gains such as the tripling of corn yields over the last 50 years.
41、2.What did U.S.Secretary of Agriculture do last week?A.He banned McDonald from using meat from unhealthy cattle.B.He stopped the selling of meat from unhealthy cattle.C.He lost the trust from the public.D.He issued a recall of the meat from unhealthy cattle sold last month.答案：B解析：录音结尾描述到上周美国农业部长采取的重
42、大举措之一就是“ban the sale of meat from these animals”，其中these animals指的是上文提到的unhealthy cattle。【录音原文】The American beef industry is facing a long road to recovering the worlds trust.McDonalds issued a press release about its longstanding policy against using unhealthy cattle, like the one implicated in las
43、t months recall.One of the biggest steps U.S.Secretary of Agriculture took last week was to ban the sale of meat from these animals.3.The elements that determine a national foreign policy consist in_.A.the various grades of oilB.the links between oil and foreign policyC.the benchmarks that are used
44、to negotiate pricesD.the general availability and overall price of oil答案：D解析：该段录音中提到石油产业的细节问题非常复杂，而这些细节对于石油和对外政策之间关系来说无关紧要，因为“.national policy depends only on the general availability and overall price of oil，因此选项D符合。consist in在于；存在于。【录音原文】Oil markets appear more mysterious than they are.The details
45、 of the oil business are very complex-the various grades of oil, the complicated contracts used to buy oil and hedge against volatility, and the benchmarks that are used to negotiate prices-but few of those details matter for a discussion of the links between oil and foreign policy.Oil companies car
46、e about those details because they are trying to earn a profit on each individual contract, but national policy depends only on the general availability and overall price of oil.4.Northern Ireland_.A.has a relatively minor problem with unemployment.B.is enduring great economic loss at the moment.C.i
47、s receiving more aid from EU.D.is economically better off than the eastern European countries.答案：A解析：从录音中提到的“Northern Ireland.enjoys a relatively low 5.6 percent unemployment rate”，可知北爱尔兰的失业率比较低。【录音原文】The European Union has also contributed a significant share of aid.Northern Ireland, even while it
48、is enduring a loss of industrial jobs, enjoys a relatively low 5.6 percent unemployment rate.But now the first wave of aid reductions is coming.The European Union has been providing $1.6 billion for the 2001- 2006 period, but after that, it warns, the money will be greatly reduced as the EUs attention shifts to new eastern members.5.The speaker mainly discusses_.A.cultural issuesB.the learning process of a childC.behavior as a cultural constructionD.how to educate a child答案：C解析：主旨题。该段录音首句为主旨句，指出“Culture can be defined as behavior that is l