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1、英语句子成分一 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。二主语： 主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。 但在 there be 结构、疑问句当主语不疑问词时和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.名词We often speak English i
2、n class.代词One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 主语从句It is necessary to master a foreign language. it 作
3、形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式三 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语： 1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 2由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.四表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态， 它一般位于系动词 如 be, become, get, l
4、ook, grow, turn, seem等之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American. 名词Is it yours?代词The weather has turned cold. 形容词The speech is exciting.分词Three times seven is twenty one? 数词His job is to teach English.不定式His hobby爱好 is playing football. 动名词The machine mu
5、st be out of order. 介词短语Time is up. The class is over.副词The truth is that he has never been abroad. 表语从句五宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition 展览 yesterday.名词The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.代词How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 数词They
6、helped the old with their housework yesterday.名词化形容词He pretended not to see me. 不定式短语I enjoy listening to popular music. 动名词短语I think that he is fit for his office. 宾语从句宾语种类：1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语，例如： Lend me your dictionary, please. 2复合宾语宾语+宾补 ，例如： They elected him their monitor.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归
7、纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页六宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词如make 等+宾语 +宾补 。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming. 名词They painted their boat white. 形容词Let the fresh air in. 副词You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.不定式短语We saw her
8、entering the room. 现在分词We found everything in the lab in good order. 介词短语We will soon make our city what your city is now. 从句七定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city. 形容词China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 分词There are thirty women teachers is our scho
9、ol. 名词His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 代词Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.不定式短语The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.动名词He is reading an article about how to learn English. 介词短语八状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most qu
10、ickly. 副词及副词性词组He has lived in the city for ten years. 介词短语He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.不定式短语He is in the room making a model plane. 分词短语Wait a minute. 名词Once you begin, you must continue. 状语从句状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six? 时间状语Last night she didn t go
11、 to the dance party because of the rain. 原因状语I shall go there if it doesn t rain.条件状语Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 地点状语She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随状语In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.目的状语He was so tire
12、d that he fell asleep immediately. 结果状语She works very hard though she is old. 让步状语I am taller than he is. 比较状语英语句子结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之， 绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十 V主谓结构S十 V十 F主系表结构S十 V十 O 主谓宾结构精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页S十 V十 O1
13、十 O2 主谓双宾结构S十 V十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构说明： S 主语； V谓语； P表语； O宾语； O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：1S十 V 句式在此句式中， V 是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi)。例如：He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully 他们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger 他挨冻受饿。China belongs to the third world country中国属于第三世界国家。The gas has given out煤气用完了。My ink
14、has run out 我的钢笔水用完了。2S十 V 十 P句式在此句式中， V 是系动词 (link v)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep ，stand/sit still ， become， turn 等。例如：He is older than he looks 他比看上去要老。He seen interested in the book 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds interesting 这个故事听起来有趣。The desk feels hard书
15、桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes nice饼尝起来很香。The flowers smell sweet and nicc 花闻起来香甜。You have grown taller than before 你长得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill 他突然病倒了。He stood quite still 他静静地站看。He becomes a teacher when he grew up 他长大后当了教师。注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：He looked me up and down 他上下打量我。He reached his
16、hand to feel the elephant 他伸出手来摸象。They are tasting the fish 他们在品尝鱼。They grow rice in their home town 他们在家乡种水稻。Hes got a chair to sit on 他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into English 请把这个句于泽成英语。3S十 V 十 O 句式在此句式中， V 是及物动词 (vt)，因此有宾语。例如：I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部电影。Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗?Th
17、ey found their home easily 他们很容易找到他们的家。They built a house last year 他们去年建了一所房子。Theyve put up a factory in the village 他们在村里建了一座工厂。They have taken good care of the children 这些孩子他们照看得很好。You should look after your children well 你应该好好照看你的孩子。4S十 V 十 O1十 O2句式在此句式中， V 是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring
18、，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn 等。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页He gave me a book/a book to me 他给我一本书。He brought me a pen/a pen to me 他带给我一枝钢笔。He offered me his seat/his seat to me 他把座位让给我。注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。He
19、 got me a chair/a chair for me 他给我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me 请帮我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me 他问我个问题。注意，下边动词只有一种说法：They robbed the old man of his money 他们抢了老人的钱。Hes warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。The doctor has cured him of his disease 医生治好了他的病。We must rid the house o
20、f th erats 我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak 他们剥夺了他说话的权利。5S十 V 十 O 十 C句式在此句式中， V 是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。They made the girl angry 他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her happy that day 他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out
21、 我发现他出去了。I saw him in我见他在家。They saw a foot mark in the sand 他们发现沙地上有脚印。They named the boy Charlie 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out 我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I heard the glass broken just now 我刚刚听到玻璃碎了。He found the doctor of study closed to him他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。练习一、指出以下
22、句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. Th
23、ere is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
24、- - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出以下短文各句
25、中的定语、状语、补语 ：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party.
26、 In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards t
27、o your parents. 三、选择填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. s
28、weet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. c
29、rowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where四、分析以下句子成分1. Our school is
30、 not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I love you more than her ，child 8. Tees turn green when spring co
31、mes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He as
32、ked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous ， help yourself to what you like 16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt come That is why he didnt know 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen
33、in the center of town.21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany 22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people wan
34、t us to do.26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup? 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. I ll get my hair cut tomorrow.五、区分复合句，简单句，并列句。I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer
35、 vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where i
36、t is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the
37、vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat
38、too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many di
39、fferent time areas do you have in China？Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.练习：一、 1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语； 5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语； 7、宾语，状语； 8、谓语，主语； 9、谓语； 10、主语，表语； 11、谓语，宾语； 12、状语； 13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语 (间宾 +直宾 )；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾
40、补； 20、表语三、 15 CBDBB 610 ACBAB1. 主语 系动词 表语2. 主语 系动词 表语3. 主语动词 宾语 宾语补足语4. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语5. 主语及物动词宾语6. 主语动词 形式宾语it 宾语补足语 +宾语7. 主语及物动词宾语8. 主语 系动词 表语9. 主语动词 宾语 宾语补足语10. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语11. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语12 主语及物动词宾语13. 主语及物动词宾语14. 主语动词 宾语 宾语补足语15. 主语 系动词 表语16. 主语动词 宾语 宾语补足语17. 主语 系动词 表语18. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语精选学
41、习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页19. 主语 不及物动词20. 主语 不及物动词21. 主语 系动词 表语22. 主语 系动词 表语23. 主语及物动词宾语24. 主语 不及物动词25. 主语及物动词宾语26. 主语 不及物动词27. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语28. 主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语29. 主语及物动词宾语30. 主语动词 宾语 宾语补足语I hope you are very well 复合句 . Im fine, but tired简单句 . Right now it is the summer va
42、cation and Im helping my Dad on the farm并列句 . August is the hottest month here简单句 . It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.并列句 Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors 简单句. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the n
43、orth where it is colder they grow wheat并列复合句 . We have a lot of machines on the farm 简单句 . Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him复合句 . But he employs more men for the harvest 简单句. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden简单句 . It doesnt often rain in the summer here
44、简单句 . As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden简单句 . Every evening we pump water from a well简单句 . It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden简单句 .Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time简单句. These parties often make us very happy简单句 . We cook meat on an
45、 open fire outside简单句 . Its great 简单句 ! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion简单句. Some of my friends drink beer 简单句. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party 复合句 . In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States 简单句. There are five different time areas in the States简单句 . In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time简单句 . How many different time areas do you have in China 简单句 ? Well, I must stop and get some sleep简单句 . Please give my best regards to your parents 简单句 .精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页