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1、Unit 3Lesson 2Using language Present perfect passivePresentation Definition（定义）:现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做. 常用句式肯定式主语have/has been done.否定式主语have/has not been done.一般疑问式Have/Has主语been done.？特殊疑问式疑问词have/has主语been done.？现在完成时的被动语态的用法1表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recent
2、ly等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till/to now，since等连用。The databasehas already been updated.数据库已经被更新了。(现在可以使用新的数据库了)2表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于howlong引出的句子中。The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经被修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)3用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。You shouldnt leave
3、 school beforeyour homework has been finished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6点问题1与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The park wasopened to the public last year.去年这个公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)The park has been opened to the public.这个公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众开
4、放了)2非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。The work was finished two weeks ago.这项工作于两周前被完成。The work has been finished.这项工作已经被完成。3短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。It is saidthat the problem has been looked into.据说已经调查了这个问题。4只带有一个
5、宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。We havebuilt many houses in the past ten years.Manyhouses have been built in the pastten years.在过去的十年里我们建了很多房子。5带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。We havegiven him a lot
6、of cash.Hehas been given a lot of cash.Alot of cash has been given to him.我们给了他很多现金。6带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。I have toldthem to take their identity cards.Theyhave been told to take theiridentity cards.我已经告诉他们要带上身份证。Practice Rewrite the underlined sentenc
7、es in the passage using the present perfect passive. It has already affected many things in our lives. Some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. The most significance success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including
8、 a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. People have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire. AnswersAnswers Many things in our lives have already been affected by it. 3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants of London. The most signific
9、ance success that has been achieved to date is medicine. Human body parts, including a beating heart, have been made by them, with 3D printing technology. A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire. SummarySummarizwe what we have learnt today.HomeworkHomeworkRewrite t
10、he following sentences with the present perfevt passive.1. You can see that they have not painted thehouse for years.2.It is said that two thieves have broken intothe house .3. Have people criticized his views ?4. He has not taken away the two books.5. Where have you repaired the mobile phone?6. The
11、 company has brought down the price ofthe colour TV set again .7. My parents gave me a toy at Christmas.8. Someone saw a stranger walk into thebuilding.9. They saw the boy smoking a cigarette.10. The boss forced the workers to work day andnight.Answers1. Youcan see that the house has not been painte
12、d for years.2.It is said thatthe house has been broken into by two thieves.3. Have his viewsbeen criticized by people?4. The two bookshave not been taken away (by him).5. Where has themobile phone been repaired?6. The price ofthe colour TV set has been brought down again by the company.7.I was given atoy at Christmas by my parents.或A toy was given to me at Christmas by myparents.8.A stranger wasseen to walk into the building.9. The boy wasseen smoking a cigarette.10. The workerswere forced to work day and night by the boss.1单击此处添加标题单击此处添加标题ONE