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1、市高考英语阅读理解、完形填空专题训练10附答案 On May 13,1787, a fleet of English ships set sail for Aus tralia with about 750 people. These men and women were not ordinary passengers, They were convicts being sent to Austial ia as punishment for their crimes. Laws in England during this period were very hard, and people
2、were punished severely for even the smallest crimes. A man could be sentenced to death for hunting on another mans property or he could be put to death for chopping down someone elses tree. For many other crimes, the punishment was transportation. The guilty person was shipped to a distant land wher
3、e he was forced to work without pay. Often women and children were shipped to other lands too. In 1770, Captain Cook had discovered the continent of Australia and claimed it for England. At first, England found no use for this vast land on the other side of the world, but then the American Revolutio
4、n took place. England could no longer ship her convicts to the American colonies (殖民地). So she turned to Australia as a good place for her prisoners. A former naval captain was picked to accompany the convicts to the new colony. His job was to help them build a settlement which he would govern. The
5、captain was glad to go. He believed the convicts could learn to live in peace. He felt they would obey the laws in the new country. In January 1788, the English fleet and its cargo-the convicts landed on Australia. After days of searching, the captain found a good harbor. The land nearby had trees a
6、nd streams. The convict colony made a new beginning here. Australias history thus began. 1. The article tells us mainly about_. A. a fleet of English ships B. hunting on other peoples property C. a convict settlement in Australia D. how Australia was discovered 答案：C 指导：纵观全文，本文讲述英国政府在发现澳大利亚后一直没有利用这块土
7、地，美国独立战争之后它不能将罪犯流到美国，于是将澳大利亚作为其流放地，因此选C2. The underlined word convict(in Paragraph 1) most probably means _. A. a person who lost his family B. a person who has done crimes and is sent to prison C. a native living in the area D. a person who is sentenced to death 答案：B 指导：由上下文可知，convict指犯了罪(crimes)受罚
8、(punishment)的人，英国政府将其流放到“agood place for prisoners，因此选B.3. Why did England send convicts to Australia? A. It wanted to make Captain Cook happy about Australia. B. It wanted convicts to find a good harbor and good land. C. It could not feed its overpopulation. D. It could no longer send convicts to A
9、merica. 答案：D 指导：从短文第三段的描述中知，由于美国发动了独立战争取得独立，英国政府不能将罪犯流放到美国，这才将目光投向澳大利亚。4. Which statement seems true according to the passage? A. Former naval captains always started new colonies. B. The American Revolution had something to do with the convicts. C. A great country may grow from a small colony. D. C
10、onvicts are not easy to be governed. 答案：C 指导：文中只提到“aformernaval captain，A项显然太武断；B项说美国的独立战争与那些罪犯有关系，这种说法太牵强，综合判断，C项是正确的。*结束Wild elephants that destroy crops and damage trees are a serious problem in many parts of Africa But there could be a simple and relatively safe way to stop them in their tracks,
11、 by employing the talents of the tiny African honeybeesThe number of elephants in Kenya has risen over the past ten years, with some disastrous results Not only do these huge animals attack local farms, but they step someone to death an average of once every two weeksNow a biologist has discovered a
12、 possible threat: the elephants are extremely aware of trees that house honeybee hivesI am puzzled why nobody has thought of this before, says Fritz Volirath at the University of OxfordWhen an elephant knocks a beehive he runs and the bees will follow him for miles He says that placing hives of the
13、honeybees around local farms and fragile habitats could be an effective way to threaten the animalsVolirath put 30 unoccupied and 6 occupied beehives in some of the trees growing on a bush frequently damaged by elephants on Laikipia Plateau in KenyaOn average the elephants attacked 9 out of 10 trees
14、 that didnt have hives, severely damaging a quarterBut they steered clear of all six trees with occupied hivesThe elephants also left alone one-third of the trees with empty hives, suggesting that some had learnt not to take the riskThe bees threaten elephants by stinging vulnerable易受伤 areas such as
15、 the eyes, belly, behind the ears and under the trunkPeople could be at risk from the bees, admits Volirath, but that may be outweighed by the risk of being killed by an elephantAnother experiment by Volirath shows that elephants also avoid the sound of angry bees played from a loudspeaker52What har
16、m do the wild elephants in Africa do?AKilling people BDamaging beehivesCThreatening animals DDestroying villages53What can we learn from the underlined sentence?AThey ran away from the trees with empty hives on itBThey tried not to touch the trees with hives full of beesCThey kept a distance from al
17、l the trees with hives on themDThey were clear that all the six trees were occupied by hives54Whats Voliraths another experiment on this elephants case?ALet bees attack and kill elephants one by oneBEncourage bees to sting elephants eyes and earsCUse the bees sound to drive elephants awayDEmploy tin
18、y African honeybees to threaten elephants55From the passage we can conclude that _Athere is always one thing to beat anotherBlittle bees can kill big and wild elephantsCserious problems often come up in AfricaDelephants enjoy attacking people and farms*结束The United Nations Environment Program is cal
19、ling for urgent action to reduce growing risks from chemicals. Better management of chemicals could save millions of lives and billions of dollars. An estimated one hundred forty-three thousand chemicals are now produced. Yet only the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been stud
20、ied for their effects on human health and the environment. It says death and disability rates are high from the unsafe use of chemical products.Sylvie Lemmet, director of the U.N. Environment Program, says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost. For example, she says the cost is highe
21、r than the amount of overseas development aid, or ODA, for health care in sub-Saharan Africa.She says: If you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide in sub-Saharan Africa, only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion U.S. dollars in . This is higher tha
22、n the total ODA that is going to the health sector in the same area.The Program estimates that chemical sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until 2050. Chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries. By , chemical production is expected to incre
23、ase by 40 percent in Africa and the Middle East and 33 percent in Latin America. One of its biggest concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticides and fertilizer. Other major concerns are heavy-metal pollution from the production of cement and textiles, and dioxin pollution from mining.The
24、U.N. report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policies. It says preventing harm costs less than fixing it.63. The purpose of Paragraph 3 is mainly to indicate that _.A. The use of pesticide is wasteful.B. Africa needs more development aid.C. Chemicals hav
25、e a high production cost.D. Estimated cost of chemicals is inaccurate.64. Which of the following is NOT a source of danger according to the text?A. Pesticides. B. Fertilizer. C. Heavy-metal. D. Mineral.65. According to the text what is the main reason for chemicals risks?A. Poor management of chemic
26、als.B. Lack of research funds on chemicals.C. The mass production of cement and textilesD. Contradiction between chemical producers and governments.66. What would be the best title for the text?A. The truth in Sylvie Lemmets comments.B. A UN warning about chemical dangers.C. The unpredictable future
27、 of chemical industry.D. Preventing: much better than curing.63-66 ADAB*结束Britain has laws to make sure that women have the same chances as men in education, jobs and training. But its still unusual to find women doing dirty or heavy jobs. Nikki Henriques is a car maintenance engineer in London. She
28、 used to be a secretary. Barty Philips, a journalist with “The Observer, a Sunday newspaper, asked her why she wanted to work with cars. “My first reason was independence(独立), she said. “I also wanted to use my hands, and I like learning about how things work. Many people prefer to have a woman repa
29、ir their cars, too. Nikki didnt find it easy to become a car maintenance engineer. She went to a Government Skill Centrea special sort of college where people can learn a new job for twenty weeks. “For ten weeks I was the only woman among four hundred men, and some of them were rude to me. It was al
30、so very tiringfrom 8 in the morning to 5 in the afternoon, with only 30 minutes for lunch. Now Nikki works free-lance, that is, shes self-employed, working for herself and not for a garage or a company. Barty Phillips also spoke to Rose, who works as a general builder in Sheffield, an industrial tow
31、n in the north of England. Like Nikki, Rose used to be a secretary. “I didnt enjoy it at all. she said. “I wanted to do more practical work, and I wanted to be self-employed. Rose joined a womens building co-operative, and she learnt her job from other people and from experience. However, many of th
32、e women in her group have been specially trained. Most of the jobs they do are improvements to buildings and general repairs. “People often say, Oh, women arent strong enough, but I dont think strength is important. said Rose, “The important thing is to get used to doing a different sort of work. Ro
33、se would like more women to come into the building industry. “Everything built at the moment is a product of mans world. If women become builders, they will be able to understand the production of their house and their towns. 59. There are laws in Britain to help women _. A. get higher pay than men
34、B. enjoy more freedom than men C. do whatever they like to do D. have equal chances with men in education and work 60. The job of a car maintenance engineer is to _. A. make cars B. sell cars C. repair cars D. keep cars for others 61. According to Rose, a woman wishing to be a general builder _. A.
35、must be specially trained B. should be strong enough C. can learn her job either from others or by experience D. must get used to doing a different sort of work 62. The best title for this passage might be _. A. Nikki Henriques, a car maintenance engineer B. Rose, a General Builder in Shefield C. Wo
36、men at Work D. British Women 参考答案 5962 DCDC *结束Things you need to know about studying there Study style Since the 1950s, the Netherlands has had courses in English especially for foreign students. Students are expected to be critical of what they read and hear, and to be able of working independentl
37、y. Foreign students will soon notice that at Dutch institutions for higher learning people are expected to do a lot of talking. The most common form of teaching is the seminar or working group, where a small group of students work under a teachers supervision to analyze分析a certain problem. On exams,
38、 they have to show that they know the material, and that they have formed well-founded opinions on the subject.Accommodations住宿 If you are in an exchange programme or an international course, it is quite possible that a room will be arranged for you. Accept it immediately, or you will regret it late
39、r. Thats because finding a place to live in a country as crowded as the Netherlands is not easy. Before you leave China, ask your host institution whether or not housing will indeed be arranged in advance. If you are in the Netherlands and still looking for a place, ask the international relations o
40、ffice or the student dean for advice. ExpencesTuition: 学费Bachelors degree：about 2,500 euros a year Masters degree: 5,000-12,000 euros a yearLiving expenses:Experience has shown that a year in the Netherlands costs a ChineseStudent about 450-700 euros a month.Here is a breakdown of average prices of
41、supermarket goods:Litre of milk:0.50.8 euroKilo of apples:1.5 eurosShampoo, 400ml:4 eurosTube of toothpaste:1 euroBed sheet:20 eurosOther expenses:Haircut:15 eurosAir ticket to China:600-800 eurosMobile phone call(one minute):0.1-0.3 euro Phone call to China (with IP card):7 euros(one minute)Postage
42、 stamp in the Netherlands:0.39 euroStamp for China:0.78 euro(1 euro-about 10 yuan) TransportationTrains, buses and trams run throughout the country. If you really want to sample Dutch life, and get around quickly and easily, buy yourself a bicycle. Most students buy second-hand bicycles. A reasonabl
43、e one will cost you 70-120 euros.You can find them at second-hand bicycle shops or at the bicycle parking facilities near railway stations.63Teachers want foreign students to do much talking and analyzing in order to make them Aget higher marksBpass exams easierCbe able to work independentlyDget in
44、close touch with each other64The passage implies that .Ait is easier to find a room in NetherlandsBit is difficult to find a room in NetherlandsCyour host institution will surely find a room for you Dthe international relations office can find a room for you65It costs at least a year for a Master degree.A104,000 yuanB104,000 eurosC174,000 yuanD134,000 euros66Most students ride second-hand bicycles mainly because .Athey can ride them fast and easilyBbicycles are safe and comfortable for ridingCbicycles are convenient and easy to parkDbicycles are convenient and cheap参考答案 6366CBAD*结束