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1、高考英语专题总复习短语天地与能力训练知识扫描纵观历年的英语高考试题，动词短语一直都是高考的难点，也是热点和重点之一，主要集中在单项填空和完形填空两大题型，考查的重点为动词的固定搭配及辨析。对动词短语的固定搭配的熟记和掌握在学习动词短语中起着极其重要的作用。表示动作或状态的词叫动词，句子中的主要作用是充当谓语。短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组，并改变了原来动词的词义而具有新的含义。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些那么相当于不及物动词。要点精讲一、短语动词的构成1. 动词+副词这类短语动词有些相当于及物动词，可以用于被动语态，也可以有宾语。常见的有give up, pick up
2、, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，那么要放在副词前边。例如：Please hand in your homework tomorrow. 请明天把作业交上来。Please dont forget to hand it in. 别忘了交上来。常见的这类短语动词有：bring up抚养, call off取消, carry out实现, cut off切断, find out发现, give away赠送，泄露, give up放弃, hand ou
3、t分发, lock in锁住, make over移交，转让, make out,识别，理解，make up编造, put forward提出, put off推迟, pick up, set aside留出, see off送行, set up建立，成立, take down记下, take off脱下, tear up撕碎, turn on 翻开, turn out生产, turn down拒绝, throw away, take over接管, think over仔细考虑, take in吸收，欺骗，work out解决，算出。有些相当于不及物动词，这种结构的短语动词不能用于被动语态，
4、也不能接宾语。例如：The war broke out in 1980. 战争爆发在1980年。The plane took off despite the thick fog. 尽管有大雾，飞机还是起飞了。常见短语有：常见的这类动词有：break down,出故障die away,逐渐消失 come to,苏醒，come out开花， give in让步, grow up长大, look out留神, make off逃跑，pass away去世, run out耗尽, show off炫耀, turn up出现。【考题例析】Before the war broke out, many pe
5、ople _ in safe places possessions they couldnt take with them.A. threw away B. put awayC. gave away D. carried away【解析】 答案 B。此题题意为“在战争爆发之前，许多人把他们不能够带上的财物放在平安的地方。throw away抛弃，失去；put away把收起来；give away赠送，放弃；carry away带走，搬去， 冲昏的头脑。2. 动词+介词常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh a
6、t, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。在被动语态中，整个短语动词要作为整体来看待，不可拆开或遗漏。例如：Dont laugh at others. 不要嘲笑他人。 The shop was broken into last night. 昨晚商店被破门而入了。常见短语有：account for说明, aim at瞄准, appeal to吸引, arrive at, attach to依附, approve of赞成, begin with以开始, break through突破, bring about导致， call fo
7、r需要， come across偶尔遇到, consist of由组成, deal with涉及，应付, insist on坚持, look after照顾, look into调查, object to反对, operate on动手术, dream of梦想, adjust to调整, agree to/on/ with同意, call on拜访, care for喜欢, comment on评述, contribute to奉献, hope for希望, interfere with干预, listen to听, live on靠生活, long for渴望, refer to意指, r
8、ely on依靠，go after追求，go through经历，occur to想起，refer to提及，参考，see to照顾，负责，send for派人去请，serve as充当，stand for代表，stick to坚持，turn to求助。【考题例析】If you _ any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.A. come up with B. set aboutC. run into D. put aside【解析】答案 C。此题题意为“当你到机场时如果有任何问题，请给我打 。 come up wi
9、th 提出，赶上，拿出；set about 开始，着手，散布谣言；run into 遇到；put aside 把放在一边。3. 动词+副词+介词这类结构的短语动词相当于一个及物动词。常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with，look forward to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后面。例如：All his money added up to no more than $100. 他所有的钱加起来不超过100元。After a short rest, he went on with
10、his research work.短暂休息之后，他继续研究工作。【考题例析】The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to _ our studies.A. get down to B. get outC. get back for D. get over【解析】 答案 A。此题意为“期末考试将至，我们该开始认真学习了。 get down to认真对待，认真考虑；get out出去，泄露；get back for回来，取回，恢复；get over恢复，完成，克服。4. 动词名词介词这类短语动词相当于及物动词，需要跟宾语，
11、宾语只能放在介词后面。这类短语动词大多可以构成被动语态，而且常有两种构成方式：1把短语动词中的名词用作被动语态句的主语。2把短语动词后的介词宾语用作被动语态句的主语。这类短语动词中的名词前可以有定语。常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, find fault with, throw light on 等。例如：No fault could be found with the paper. 这篇论文中找不到缺点。Every minute should be made full use of to learn English. 应该充分利
12、用每一分钟来学英语。【考题例析】Unfortunately, not everyone has realized the important part the balance of nature _ their daily life.A. plays in B. playingC. plays of D. to play in【解析】 答案 A。此题考查引导定语从句的关系词。解题关键在于识别短语play an important part in。其中宾语part作先行词，所以定语从句中缺宾语，应用关系代词which /that 引导定语从句，而且可以省略。5. 动词名词常见的有take pla
13、ce, make friends，take shape等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。例如：This story took place three years ago. 故事发生在三年前。 I make friends with a lot of people. 我与很多人交朋友。6. be动词形容词介词常见短语有：be late for迟到；be angry with生气；be busy with忙于；be short for是的简称；be interested in对感兴趣；be famous for因而著名；be good at擅长；be different from与不同；be goo
14、dbad for对有益害；be friendly to对友好。【考题例析】The students studied hard. They were _ for knowledge.A. worry B. worriedC. eager D. curious【解析】 答案 C。be worried about为担忧； be eager for盼望，渴求；be curious about 对好奇。根据句意可知答案为C。7. 动词反身代词介词常见短语有：help oneself to 随便吃；give oneself to 热心于；occupy oneself with 忙于；enjoy onese
15、lf 玩得开心；dressed oneself in 穿着；break oneself to (去掉的习惯get rid of ) ；devote oneself to 专心，致力于，献身；throw oneself to 投身于。【考题例析】She devoted herself _ the problems of the teenagers.A. in studying B. at studyingC. to study D. to studying【解析】 答案 D。此题考查固定短语devote oneself to 专心，致力于，献身于，其中to 为介词，所以选D。二、正确判断动词和其
16、它词的搭配1. 短语动词往往一词多义，因此要联系上下文，根据语境来判断短语的正确含义。这也正是高考词汇局部对能力要求。以take up 为例：He began to take up music when he was a little boy. 他很小时开始从事音乐。 The desk takes up too much room.这张书桌占了很多空间。Colleting coins takes up almost all his spare time.收集古币几乎占了他所有的业余时间。I will take up the story where I finished yesterday. 我
17、会从昨天故事结束的地方继续讲下去。2. 不少动词如break, go, get, call, run, come等有很强的搭配能力，可与不同的副词或介词构成大量的短语动词。以come为例：She came across some old letters in the course of her search. 她在找东西时偶尔发现了一些就信件。How is your English coming along? 你的英文学得怎么样了？He came into a fortune when his mother died. 他在母亲死后继承了一大笔遗产。A button came off as I
18、 was climbing over the wall. 我爬墙时一个扣子掉了。When will her new book come out? 她的新书什么时候出版？The bill came to &5.50. 账单金额总共是五英镑半。Your question came up at the meeting. 你的问题在会上提出来讨论了。 动词短语重点记忆1. 动词be构成的短语动词be known as作为而闻名be known for因而知名be known to为所知be known by凭而知be married to与结婚be tired ofwith对厌烦be terrifie
19、d at被吓一跳be burdened with负重be crowded with挤满be dressed in穿着be experienced in对有经验be equipped with装备be furnished with提供，布置be engaged in sth从事，忙于be engaged to与订婚be fit for胜任；适合于be worth doing值得做be proud of以而自影骄傲be content with对感到满意be up to应由，轮到be meantintended for打算给，打算用作be connected with与有联系be crazy ab
20、out对狂热2. 动词break构成的短语动词break out爆发break in打断；闯入break into闯入；破门而入break away from脱离break down(机器，车辆)坏了；失败了；摧毁；分解break through突破break off折断；中断；断绝break up驱散，拆散3. 动词carry构成的短语动词carry on进行carry out执行；进行carry away拿走carry off夺走，抢走4. 动词call构成的短语动词call on拜访某人，号召call at拜访某地call for需要；要求；邀约(人)；取(物)call in 请来;收回
21、call up打 ；征召；回想起5. 动词catch和hold构成的短语动词catchtakeget hold of sth抓住某物catch up with赶上catch fire着火；烧着catch sight of发现；看到hold up举起；阻滞(交通等)；耽误hold back阻止；控制hold ones breath憋住气，屏息hold out坚持；拿出6. 动词come构成的短语动词come into being产生；形成come along过来；快点come out出来；出版come back to life苏醒过来come to the point说到要点，触及问题实质com
22、e about发生，造成come across碰见come to all end结束come to light为人所知，显露come up with提出，想出7. 动词do构成的短语动词do well in在某方面做得好do good to对有好处do harm to对有害处do with处理do sba favour帮某人的忙do up系纽扣；梳理8. 动词get构成的短语动词get in touch with同取得联系get back回来；取回get over克服；度过get together相聚get onalong well with与相处融洽get into进人；陷入get in a
23、 word插话get rid of除掉get through通过；接通；完成；经历get aboutaroundround传开，传出去get across使理解get down to(doing)sth安心做，开始认真干9. 动词give构成的短语动词give up放弃give in屈服；投降give out用完；耗尽give away分发；捐赠；泄露give off放出give back归还；恢复10. 动词go构成的短语动词go ahead继续；干吧go by(时间)过去；经过(地点)go out(灯、火)熄灭go on(doing)继续做某事go on to do sth接着做另外的事g
24、o through完成；通过；经历；仔细检察go all out竭尽全力go about开始着手，到处走动，传开go against违背go back to 追溯go for运用于，应用于go in for参加，爱好go with相配go beyond超过go up上升，上涨go down下降，降沉，下沉11. 动词have构成的短语动词have a word with sb和某人说句话have words with争吵have(deep)effects on对有(深远)影响have difficulty in doing sth. /with sth. 做有困难12. 动词keep构成的短语
25、动词keep on doing sth继续或反复做某事keep up坚持keep up with跟上keep back保存；阻止；隐瞒；拒留keep away from远离keep out of使不进入keep ones word遵守诺言keep in touch with与保持联系keep silent保持沉默keeppreventstopfrom doing sth制止(防止)做某事keep off使远离13. 动词knock构成的短语动词knock at敲(门、窗等)knock down撞倒knock off撞掉下来knock about碰撞，漂泊，闲逛14. 动词look构成的短语动词
26、1ook up抬头；查阅1ook out小心1ook into调查1ook forward to盼望1ook through仔细看；浏览1ook up to尊敬1ook down upon瞧不起1ook onas把看作15. 动词make构成的短语动词make a dive for向猛冲make an apology to向抱歉be made up of组成make up组成；化装；打扮；补充；弥补；编造；捏造make room for给腾地方make up ones mind下决心make up for弥补make use of利用make ones way排除困难前进make progre
27、ss进步make repairs修理make a promise许诺言make a living谋生make the best of尽量利用make for走向，前往make out认出，理解make it成功，及时到达16. 动词put构成的短语动词put away放好；收起来put down记下；平息 put out扑灭；出版put up举起；建造；张贴；公布，投宿put up with(=standbear)忍受put on穿上；上演；增加put off延期；拖延put through完成；(打 )把接通put forward提出建议，拨快(钟等)17. 动词take构成的短语动词tak
28、e up占用(时间;空间)；从事take sides站在一边take place发生take the place of代替take ones place就座；代替某人职位take it easy别着急take off脱掉；起飞；成功take part in参加take pride in以而自豪take away(from)拿走；使停留，使离开take in欺骗，摄取take on雇用，接受(工作)，呈现(品质、面貌)take over接管 18. 动词turn构成的短语动词turn up出现；开大(音量)；到达，发生turn against背叛turn down开小(音量)turn over翻
29、转turn in交出；交turn to找某人寻求帮助；翻到；转向turn into变成turn out结果是关掉查明生产19. 动词help, hand, lead，die构成的短语动词help sbwith sth帮助某人做某事help oneself to sth尽管请便；请随便吃hand in交上来hand out分发1ead to sthdoing sth导致1ead a1ife过的生活die of死于(内因)die from死于(外因)die out灭绝20. 动词tell, talk, speak，hear，ask, answer构成的短语动词talk towith sb和某人谈话
30、speak ofspeak about大胆讲话；大声说出hear of听说hear from接到某人的书信ask for要；请求ask sbto do sth要某人做某事ask sbfor sth向某人要某物answer for对负责21. 动词set和send构成的短语动词send for派人去请send out发出(光亮等)send off寄出，派遣；给送行send in寄送某处进行处理 set about doing sth开始；着手set outoff出发；开始set up建立；树立；设立set sbfree释放set fire toseton fire放火烧set an exampl
31、e to树立典范22. 动词show，point，agree和pay构成的短语动词show sbin领某人进来show sbout领某人出去show sbaround领某人参观point out指出point at指指点点agree with同意某人的意见；适合于agree on意见一致pay for付钱pay off还清债务pay back把钱还回给某人23. 其他短语动词try out试用wait on伺候；伺候connect with把联接起来persuade sbto do sth说服某人做某事drive off把车开走drop in (on sbat a place)顺便拜访refe
32、r to指；谈到；参照spendon sthin doing sth在花(钱，时间等)stick to sthdoing sth坚持stick with和在一起，保持联系wear out(使)筋疲力尽work out算出；计算出quarrel with sbabout sth为争吵devoteto sthsb献身于；致力于settle down定居stand for代表stand by支持to begin with首先end (up) with以结束act on照行事 believe in信仰、信奉(真理、宗教、原那么等)；信任burst into突然起来put an end to sth结束
33、(不好的事)；制止compareto把比作comparewith把和比拟care for喜欢；照料；关心care about关心；计较；在乎changefor用换取share (in) sthwith sb与某人共同使用baseon根据congratulateonupon祝贺consist ofbe made up of由组成clear up放晴；收拾；整理；澄清；解决cureof治愈；痊愈treatfor治疗；医治treatto以款待treatas把当作oweto因而感谢；把归功于owefor欠的钱(债，人情)quarrel over为争吵quarrel with同争吵recover fro
34、m恢复head for朝去inspirewith以激发insist onpersist in坚持1ong for渴望1earnby heart背会fix ones eyes on凝视form the habit offall into the habit ofget into the habit of养成的习惯get out of the habit of改掉的习惯presentwith赠送1ive on靠生活，以为主食1ive up to不辜负wipe out消灭result in导致result from由引起robof抢走remindof使(某人)想起一warnof以警告(某人)info
35、rmof通知(某人)watch out for提防be on watch在值班be off watch不在值班face up to面对；承当fit in with适合；符合accuseof控告某人aim at瞄准，目标是allow for顾及，考虑到apply for申请apply to应用be (just) around the comer即将到来be attached to附属于；依恋become of发生beg for乞求 benefit from得益于be buried in埋头于centreon集中于chargefor索价 chargewith控告cool off变凉，冷却，冷静co
36、ncentrate on专心于，聚精会神于takeinto consideration考虑到account for说明原因解释dream ofabout梦想；想到drop out (of) 辍学；中途退出feed on以为主食fix up安装focus on聚集于，集中于set foot inon踏上，走进hang up挂上 ；挂起来hunt for寻找1ay down放下1eave alone别动，别管，让单独呆着1eave out遗漏；无视，不理会1et alone更不用说let down使失望1ight up照亮，点燃throw light upon说明，使清楚be lost in埋头于
37、，迷失在中take notice of注意object to反对be occupied within忙于，从事于pass away去世pass by经过，流逝，无视pass on传递，传给，去世reach for伸手去拿reach out伸出react to反响，反对rememberto代向问好rise up起立，起议round up把聚拢seek afterfor追求，征求，寻求serve as担任，充当shut up闭嘴，关门，打烊spread out展开，铺开，延伸stare at盯着，凝视supply sthtofor向提供suspect sbof疑心某sweep away冲走，卷走，
38、扫除tear down撤除tear up撕碎，连根拨起tell apart区分，区分tidy up整理，收拾能力训练1. Its the present situation in poor areas that _ much higher spending on education and training. A. answers for B. provided for C. calls for D. plans for分析：答案为C。answers for对负责；provides for抚养；calls for需要，要求；plans for为方案。本句意思为：贫困山区目前的形势要求在教育和培
39、训方面更大的投入。2. What shall we use when all the oil in the world has _?A. given out B. put out C. held up D. used up分析：答案为A。give out 用完，耗尽；put out 扑灭；hold up 阻碍；use up表示把某物用完，主语是人。而此题中主语是oil, 故答案只能选A。3. John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will _ him _ at the airport.A. send; away B. leave; off C. s
40、ee; off D. show; around分析：答案为C。see.off为某人送行。4. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can _ my father. A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out 分析：答案为B。pick out 为选出，挑选出。5. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting
41、 up C. making up D. showing up分析：答案为C。make up jokes 编笑话。6. Before building a house, you will have to _ the governments permission. A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for分析：答案为D。ask for permission 的意思为 “请求某人的许可。7. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first,
42、has _ many good changes in their lives. A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about分析：答案为D。bring about表示 “引起，导致，致使。 8. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you _ yesterday? A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on分析：答案为C。try on 意为“试穿；put on 意为“穿上，表示动作；have on 意
43、为“穿着；表示状态；pull on 意为“穿, 戴 (袜子、手套等)。本句句意为：“你能告诉我你昨天穿的鞋子是哪买的吗？9. Her talent and experience _ her to the respect of her colleagues. A. permitted B. qualified C. deservedD. entitled分析：答案为D。A项permit sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事；B项qualify sb to do sth/as “使某人有能力、胜任做某事;C项deserve “应受；应得；值得； D项 entitle “entitle sb. to sth/to do sth. 使有权利，有资格。10. After the trainer was sure that the whale could look after itself, he _ it into the sea. A. transported